Body Type and

DifferentWeights

Learning Objectives• Understand the effects of under and over eating

• Know the different somatotypes and how they link to sporting activities

• Develop understanding of what effects optimum weight

Question 1

What is blood shunting?

A Where all your blood gets redirected to the working muscles during exercise

B Redistribution of blood flow before exercise

C Redistribution of blood flow during exercise

D Where all your blood gets redirected to your digestive system during exercise

What is blood shunting?

A Where all your blood gets redirected to the working muscles during exercise

B Redistribution of blood flow before exercise

C Redistribution of blood flow during exercise

D Where all your blood gets redirected to your digestive system during exercise

£2000

Question 2

BMI is calculated by...?

A weight ÷ (height x height)

B weight x (height ÷ height)

C height x (weight ÷ weight)

D height ÷ (weight x weight)

BMI is calculated by...?

A weight ÷ (height x height)

B weight x (height ÷ height)

C height x (weight ÷ weight)

D height ÷ (weight x weight)

£4000

Question 3

Optimum weight is described as...?

A ideal weight – not effecting success

B poor weight – giving best chance for success

C ideal weight – giving best chance for success

D ideal weight – not effecting chance for success

Optimum weight is described as...?

A ideal weight – not effecting success

B poor weight – giving best chance for success

C ideal weight – giving best chance for success

D ideal weight – not effecting chance for success

£8000

Question 4

What is carboloading?

A Eating more carbohydrates during competition

B Eating more carbohydrates before competition

C Eating only carbohydrates before competition

D Eating carbohydrates after competition

What is carboloading?

A Eating more carbohydrates during competition

B Eating more carbohydrates before competition

C Eating only carbohydrates before competition

D Eating carbohydrates after competition

£16,000

Question 5

What is the effect of carboloading?

A Eating food that are high in bulk fills you up before you compete

B Improves performance because we are balanced by all nutrients

C Eating foods that decrease our weight and build muscle

D Eating foods that allow as store of glycogen to build up in our body

What is the effect of carboloading?

A Eating food that are high in bulk fills you up before you compete

B Improves performance because we are balanced by all nutrients

C Eating foods that decrease our weight and build muscle

D Eating foods that allow as store of glycogen to build up in our body

£32,000

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£100

The effects of under and over eating

Weight Gain

Weight Maintained

Weight Loss

If the calorie intake exceeds the energy

expended

If calorie intake is balanced with energy used If more energy is

expended and less calories are taken in

Degrees of being overweight

OVERWEIGHT

OVERFAT

OBESE

•Heavier than average of gender, height, build.

•Not necessarily a threat to health – muscle?

•Direct effect on health

•High level of fat

•Can lead to obesity related disease

•High blood pressure, heart attack?

•Abnormally fat - 20%

•Health risks - diabetes, heart disease

•In extremes - can be fatal

Degrees of being underweight

UNDERWEIGHT

ANOREXIC

•10% under optimum weight

•Some naturally underweight

•Others try to be underweight to help their sport

•Anorexia nervosa

•See themselves as fat so don't eat

•Obsessive state of mind

Depression, kidney/liver damage, deathIrregular periods, risk of

injury, fatigue, osteoporosis

TaskLook at the images below and think about the

characteristics of each body type (shoulders, hips, body fat, muscles)

RESEARCH:•What are the 3 somatotyopes called?•List at least 3 sports or sporting positions that are most suited to these body shapes.

A mesomorph body shape hasthe following characteristics:

Wide shoulders.

Narrow hips.

Muscular body, arms and legs.

Very little body fat.

The word ‘Muscular’ will help you remember the body shape of a Mesomorph.

Mesomorph

The ectomorph body shape has the following characteristics:

Narrow body.

Thin body, arms and legs.

Little body fat.

Very little muscle.

The word ‘Thin’ will help you remember the body shape of an ecTomorph.

Ectomorph

An endomorph body shape hasthe following characteristics:

Wide hips

Narrow shoulders

Fat arms and legs

Fat body

The word ‘Dumpy’ will help you rememberthe body shape of an enDomorph.

Endomorph

Why does Optimum Weight vary?

Height Tall people = greater optimum weight;

Due to higher percentage of bone.

Bone Structure

Body frame (broad/ narrow) will influence weight.

Physically active children have more layers of bone, therefore increasing bone density and weight.

Gender M and F have different body fat percentages.

Average body fat: 20% M 30% F

Muscle girth

Muscle weighs more than fat.

1) Optimum Weight

2) Anorexic

3) Obese

4) Overfat

5) Overweight

6) Underweight

A) People who are very overfat.

B) Weighing less than is normal, healthy or required.

C) More bodyfat than needed.

D) Ideal weight for a person.

E) Prolonged weight loss eating disorder. Due to obsessive control of food intake.

F) Having weight in excess of normal (not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness).

MUST: Match the terms with the descriptions

SHOULD: State the somatotype for each term.

COULD: State the BMI category for term.

Skin-fold calliper

•Fat %

•Thickness of a fold of skin with its underlying layer of fat

Ii

•Fat layer = just below top layer off skin

•Fat = good insulator

•Varies with age and gender

•Babies + women = thicker layers than men

•Both sexes can increase fat ratio as get older

•Men = middle

•Women = thighs and buttocks

Measuring Fat