Body Regulation Nervous and Endocrine Systems. The _______________ and _____________________ systems...
-
Upload
jewel-golden -
Category
Documents
-
view
235 -
download
0
Transcript of Body Regulation Nervous and Endocrine Systems. The _______________ and _____________________ systems...
Body Regulation
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The _______________ and _____________________ systems interactto control and coordinate the body’s _________________ to changes In the environment, as well as to regulate ________________,___________________, and reproduction. ___________________ arechemicals from glands that affect other body parts.
nervous endocrineresponses
growthdevelopment Hormones
I. The Nervous System – a network of _________________ (nerve cells)which carry messages between the _________________ and the __________.
neuronsbrain body
A. Neurons are made up of parts called1. Dendrites – branches of a neuron which ________________messages (_______________) and send them to the cell body.
receiveimpulses
2. Axons – branches of a neuron which ____________ messages(_________________) _________ from the cell body.
carryimpulses away
Dendrite
Axon
Cell body
Nucleus
Direction of impulse
3. Cell body – main part of the neuron which contains the ____________and other cell organelles.
nucleus
B. Three types of neurons:1. Sensory neurons – receive _____________________ and send_______________ to the ____________ __________ or ___________.Receptors in the sense organs respond to __________________ andSend impulses to the brain or spinal cord.
informationimpulses spinal cord
stimuli
2. Interneurons – nerve cells throughout the ____________ and__________ ________ that relay impulses from ___________ neurons to motor neurons.
brainspinal cord sensory
3. Motor neurons – conduct ___________ from the brain or spinal cordto _____________ or _____________ throughout the body.
impulsesmuscles glands
C. Neuron connections – The space between neurons is called a ______________ which impulses must jump across. The axon gives off a nerve transmitting _________________ (acetylcholine – C7H17NO3) used to transmit the impulse across the __________________.
synapsechemical
synapse
brain
D. Central Nervous System (CNS) – made up of the ________________ and ____________ ___________. The brain is made up of _______________________ (1014) neurons. It is divided into ___ parts.
brain
spinal cord100 billion 3
1. Cerebrum – divided into the _________ and __________ hemispheres. This part of the brain controls _____________, _______________, _________________, and the work of ______________ ___________.
left rightsenses memory
thought voluntary muscles
2. Cerebellum – located under and behind the cerebrum. It ______________________voluntary muscles and maintains __________________ and _______________ _________.
coordinatesbalance muscle tone
3. Brainstem or ________________ - This part of the brain is responsible for _______________, _________________, ___________ ______________, and coordination of __________________ _____________ __________________.
medullaheartbeat breathing
blood pressureinvoluntary muscle movement
4. The spinal cord is an extension of the _________ _______, made up of bundles of ________________ which carry impulses between the ______________ and the _______________.
brain stemneurons
brain body
E. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – made up of ____ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves which link the CNS to all parts of the body.
1231
1. ______________ system – nerves that go to and from the skeletal muscles
Somatic
2. ________________ system – nerves that control involuntary activities (things we don’t think about such as our ______________ _______________.
Autonomicsalivary
glands
F. Reflexes – These are _________________ and _________________ responses to _________________. They are controlled (in general) by your _____________ __________, NOT your _____________.
involuntary automaticstimuli
spinal cord brain
Example: Knee Reflex The nerve impulse is sent from the ____________ through the____________ ___________ to the ____________ __________ back through the ____________ ___________ to the _____________which ________________.
kneesensory neurons spinal cord
motor neurons musclecontracts
G. Senses – Sensory organs in the body receive ______________________and relay the information to the ____________________.
stimulibrain
1. Sight – the ___________ respond to ______________. __________ (which see black and white) and ______________(which detect color) in the retina are stimulated by light to send______________ through the ___________ ____________ to thebrain where it is interpreted as a __________________.
eyes lightRods cones
impulses optic nervepicture
Light travels (in order) through the __________________ (the clearwindow that protects the eye), through the ____________ which is a holecontrolled by the _______(the colored part of the eye), through the ___________ which focuses the light, through the _________ _________, and is finally detected by the rods and cones on the ______________.
corneapupil
irislens vitreous humor
retina
2. Hearing – the ______________ in the _________ picks up vibrationsfrom sound waves and transmits them through ____ little bones (the ___________, _________, and ____________) to the snail-shaped_______________ where fluid vibrates, stimulating nerve endings whichsend the ______________ to the brain through the _____________ nerve.The _________________ ____________ are responsible for balance. Thethroat is connected to the middle ear by the ________________ ________.
eardrum ear3
hammer anvil stirrupcochlea
impulses auditorysemicircular canals
Eustachian tubes
3. Smell – the _________ contains ________________ cells which arestimulated by gas _________________. They send impulses to the brain.
nose olfactorymolecules
4. Taste - __________ _______ on the tongue are receptors for tasteof molecules dissolved in _______________. The four tastes are _______,____________, ___________, and _______________. We can taste somany more than just 4 flavors because the senses of both ____________and _____________ are interpreted together in the ______________. The nose and mouth are connected together in the back of the _____________.
taste budssaliva sour
sweet salty bittertaste
smell brainthroat (pharynx)
5. Touch, pressure, pain, and temperature – Sensory receptors found throughout the _____________ organs as well as in the ____________.Why do we need these receptors in our organs?
internal skin
II. The Endocrine System – the system of _____________ ____________throughout the body. These glands secrete (give off) ________________directly into the bloodstream.
ductless glandshormones
A. There are ____ endocrine glands.8
1. Pituitary – enables other glands to produce ______________, regulates _________ production, and regulates _____________.
hormonesmilk growth
2. Thyroid – regulates _____________________ use which affectthe ___________ level.
carbohydrateenergy
3. Parathyroid – regulates _________________.calcium
4. Thymus – regulates parts of the ______________ system.immune5. Adrenal – regulates ____________ sugar and _________________.blood metabolism6. Pancreas (Islets of Langerhan)– regulates ___________ __________ with the hormone_________________. Problems with this glandcauses the disease known as _________________.
blood sugarinsulin
diabetes7. Ovaries – regulates production of ______ and development of______ organs and characteristics in ________________.
eggssex females
8. Testes – regulate production of ___________ and developmentof _______ organs and characteristics in ___________.
spermsex males
123
4
5
6
7
8From Biology: Principles and Explorations, Teaching Transparencies
B. Negative feedback system – A gland regulates how much it producesby using _____________________ signals to tell iot when to increase ordecrease production of the __________________. This keeps the levelof the hormone in the bloodstream at ________________________.
chemicalhormone
homeostasis
Review questions:1. What do endocrine glands NOT have? _____________________2. What is a hormone produced by the pancreas? _______________3. What signals the gland to start secreting its hormone again? ______________________________________________________4. What happens to excess hormones in the bloodstream? _________ _______________________________________________________5. Which gland is involved with problems with calcium absorption? ______________________________
ductsinsulin
When the level of hormone drops in the bloodstream
It is removed by the kidneys.
parathyroid
Body Regulation
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The _______________ and _____________________ systems interactto control and coordinate the body’s _________________ to changes In the environment, as well as to regulate ________________,___________________, and reproduction. ___________________ arechemicals from glands that affect other body parts.
I. The Nervous System – a network of _________________ (nerve cells)which carry messages between the _________________ and the __________.
A. Neurons are made up of parts called1. Dendrites – branches of a neuron which ________________messages (_______________) and send them to the cell body.
2. Axons – branches of a neuron which ____________ messages(_________________) _________ from the cell body.
Dendrite
Axon
Cell body
Nucleus
Direction of impulse
3. Cell body – main part of the neuron which contains the ____________and other cell organelles.
B. Three types of neurons:1. Sensory neurons – receive _____________________ and send_______________ to the ____________ __________ or ___________.Receptors in the sense organs respond to __________________ andSend impulses to the brain or spinal cord.
2. Interneurons – nerve cells throughout the ____________ and__________ ________ that relay impulses from ___________ neurons to motor neurons.3. Motor neurons – conduct ___________ from the brain or spinal cordto _____________ or _____________ throughout the body.
C. Neuron connections – The space between neurons is called a ______________ which impulses must jump across. The axon gives off a nerve transmitting _________________ (acetylcholine – C7H17NO3) used to transmit the impulse across the __________________.
D. Central Nervous System (CNS) – made up of the ________________ and ____________ ___________. The brain is made up of _______________________ (1014) neurons. It is divided into ___ parts.
1. Cerebrum – divided into the _________ and __________ hemispheres. This part of the brain controls _____________, _______________, _________________, and the work of ______________ ___________.
2. Cerebellum – located under and behind the cerebrum. It ______________________voluntary muscles and maintains __________________ and _______________ _________.
3. Brainstem or ________________ - This part of the brain is responsible for _______________, _________________, ___________ ______________, and coordination of __________________ _____________ __________________.
4. The spinal cord is an extension of the _________ _______, made up of bundles of ________________ which carry impulses between the ______________ and the _______________.
E. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – made up of ____ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves which link the CNS to all parts of the body.
1231
1. ______________ system – nerves that go to and from the skeletal muscles
Somatic
2. ________________ system – nerves that control involuntary activities (things we don’t think about such as our ______________ _______________.
Autonomicsalivary
glands
F. Reflexes – These are _________________ and _________________ responses to _________________. They are controlled (in general) by your _____________ __________, NOT your _____________.
involuntary automaticstimuli
spinal cord brain
Example: Knee Reflex The nerve impulse is sent from the ____________ through the____________ ___________ to the ____________ __________ back through the ____________ ___________ to the _____________which ________________.
kneesensory neurons spinal cord
motor neurons musclecontracts
G. Senses – Sensory organs in the body receive ______________________and relay the information to the ____________________.
1. Sight – the ___________ respond to ______________. __________ (which see black and white) and ______________(which detect color) in the retina are stimulated by light to send______________ through the ___________ ____________ to thebrain where it is interpreted as a __________________.
Light travels (in order) through the __________________ (the clearwindow that protects the eye), through the ____________ which is a holecontrolled by the _______(the colored part of the eye), through the ___________ which focuses the light, through the _________ _________, and is finally detected by the rods and cones on the ______________.
2. Hearing – the ______________ in the _________ picks up vibrationsfrom sound waves and transmits them through ____ little bones (the ___________, _________, and ____________) to the snail-shaped_______________ where fluid vibrates, stimulating nerve endings whichsend the ______________ to the brain through the _____________ nerve.The _________________ ____________ are responsible for balance. Thethroat is connected to the middle ear by the ________________ ________.
3. Smell – the _________ contains ________________ cells which arestimulated by gas _________________. They send impulses to the brain.
4. Taste - __________ _______ on the tongue are receptors for tasteof molecules dissolved in _______________. The four tastes are _______,____________, ___________, and _______________. We can taste somany more than just 4 flavors because the senses of both ____________and _____________ are interpreted together in the ______________. The nose and mouth are connected together in the back of the _____________.
5. Touch, pressure, pain, and temperature – Sensory receptors found throughout the _____________ organs as well as in the ____________.Why do we need these receptors in our organs?
II. The Endocrine System – the system of _____________ ____________throughout the body. These glands secrete (give off) ________________directly into the bloodstream.
A. There are ____ endocrine glands.
1. Pituitary – enables other glands to produce ______________, regulates _________ production, and regulates _____________.2. Thyroid – regulates _____________________ use which affectthe ___________ level.
3. Parathyroid – regulates _________________.
4. Thymus – regulates parts of the ______________ system.5. Adrenal – regulates ____________ sugar and _________________.6. Pancreas (Islets of Langerhan)– regulates ___________ __________ with the hormone_________________. Problems with this glandcauses the disease known as _________________.7. Ovaries – regulates production of ______ and development of______ organs and characteristics in ________________.8. Testes – regulate production of ___________ and developmentof _______ organs and characteristics in ___________.
123
4
5
6
7
8From Biology: Principles and Explorations, Teaching Transparencies
B. Negative feedback system – A gland regulates how much it producesby using _____________________ signals to tell iot when to increase ordecrease production of the __________________. This keeps the levelof the hormone in the bloodstream at ________________________.
Review questions:1. What do endocrine glands NOT have? _____________________2. What is a hormone produced by the pancreas? _______________3. What signals the gland to start secreting its hormone again? ______________________________________________________4. What happens to excess hormones in the bloodstream? _________ _______________________________________________________5. Which gland is involved with problems with calcium absorption? ______________________________