Body-Mind-Environment Dynamics
-
Upload
dmitry-paranyushkin -
Category
Spiritual
-
view
123 -
download
1
Transcript of Body-Mind-Environment Dynamics
Body/Mind Dynamics of Expression
BibSyn 10/01/14 Toussaint Séverine Paranyushkin Dmitri
IntroductionFinding new approaches to therapy through modulation of interacting dynamic processes in the body-mind-environment system.
Expression: continuously produced, consciously or not. Base of communication. !• What happens between body, mind and environment is a
set of complex dynamics occurring at different levels.
Neural dynamics
Body dynamics
Mind
Expression of behaviors
Changes
Emotional states
Introduction
• Mechanisms which affect chaotic itinerancy of the body and mental state?
• Links between mental disorders and creativity? !
Appeals to different scientific fields (neurophysiolgy, ethology, complex system, phylosophy, psychology…)
Questions
1. How can body-mind-environment be studied as a dynamical system and what are the
advantages of this approach?
Questions
2. What are the qualities and properties of those dynamic processes that occur in the
body-mind-environment?
Questions
3. How are disturbances in the dynamics of body-mind-environment linked to various mental
disorders, altered states, emotional distress, etc.
Questions
4. Could body-mind-environment dynamics be modulated for therapeutical purposes?
BibSyn Text Graph
• We found 15 main articles relevant to the subject and created a text network visualisation of them in order to have a visual representation of the topics covered and the connections between them.
Main Topics
• Studying evolution of symptoms and individual behavior in time; !
• Studying evolution and dynamics of emotional responses in time; !
• Brain wave oscillations, neural activity; !
• Informaiton processing; !
• Finding patterns of interactions between oscillatory activities within the body-mind-environment system;
BibSyn Concept Graph
• We retrieved the most relevant concepts for our questions from 15 articles. Using KnowNodes we created a graph of these concepts and their relationships (describing a potential or existing interactions between them).
Main Topics
• Disturbances in chaotic variability of body movements and behavioral changes is related to mental disorders; !
• Inhibition of certain frequency ranges and promotion of others may lead to decoupling (e.g. MDMA, Ketamine effects); !
• Art therapy and other creative occupations may stimulate interactions between different regions of oscillatory activity;
Body-Mind-Environment
Body-Mind-Environment
• Cognition and sensorimotor activity extend beyond just the neural assemblies of the brain – into the body and the environment; !• The brain, spinal cord and the organs of the body are connected through oscillatory links;
Thompson & Varela 2001; Basar 2008;
Body-Mind-Environment
• Rhythmic hormonal oscillations inside the body can drive brain activity which can affect emotion recognition.
Reference Parer from Marta;
Body-Mind-Environment
Kaliman et al 2014. Rapid changes in histone deacetylases and inflammatory gene expression in expert meditators. Psychoneuroendocrinology 40, 96-107.
• Evidence of specific molecular changes in the body following a period of intensive mindfulness practice.
The mental state (perception of your mind) can affect gene’s activity.
Body-Mind-Environment
• Distinct processes interact to produce complex global dynamics with chaotic properties; !
• Therefore, nonlinear dynamics and network theory could be used to study cognition and perception;
Bystritsky et al 2012; Rabinovich 2010;
Properties of Dynamics
Properties of Dynamics
• Involuntary body movements in the state of cognitive are characteristic of pink noise: meaning that there was a correlation between amplitudes and frequencies.
• In the state of anxiety, there was a whitening of the signal (less correlation between the amplitude and frequencies = decoupling)
D’Mello et al 2011; Yamada 1995; !
D’Mello et al 2011; !
Properties of dynamics
Emotions • Subjective experience characterized by
psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions and mental states.
!• Hormonal influence (dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, oxytocin, cortisol and
GABA) !
• Neural circuit
James, W. (1884). What is an Emotion? Mind, 9: 188–205
Myers, D. G. (2004) Theories of Emotion. Psychology:
Seventh Edition, New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
Broca 1878; Papez 1937; MacLean 1952.
Properties of dynamicsExpression of Emotions • Observable verbal and nonverbal behaviors that
communicate an internal emotional or affective state.
!!
• Consensus: each functioning human experience and express emotions with his voice, face and body.
Darwin, Charles (1872). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.
Properties of dynamicsHow many emotions do we have?
Ekman 1992
Ekman’s list of Basic Emotions: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise
Facial expression ! Communication channel
!!! Ekman’s Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
!Ekman 1999
Properties of Dynamics
Nummenmaaa et al (2013). Bodily maps of emotions. PNAS
Body expression of emotions
Lack of functional imaging studies !!New approache: to map emotions onto the regions of human body, from subjective level.
Properties of Dynamics
Nummenmaaa et al (2013). Bodily maps of emotions. PNAS
Body expression of emotions Computer-based topographical self-reported method (emBODY)
Nummenmaaa et al (2013). Bodily maps of emotions. PNAS
Properties of dynamics
Therapy: Better understand mood disorders? !Nervertheless, the individual differences in expression of emotions have to be taken into account.
Nummenmaaa et al (2013). Bodily maps of emotions. PNAS
Deviations
Deviations
• Mood shifting patterns that are deviating from a mix of chaotic itinerancy and circadian rhythms are associated with depression and panic attacks.
Katerndahl et al 2007;
Dilignieres et al 2003;
Deviations
Stereotypy Behaviour pattern that is repetitive, invariant and has no obvious goal or function (Fox 1965; Hutt & Hutt 1970; Odberg 1978; Wiepkema et al. 1983).
!Seem to be restricted to mentally ill or handicapped humans, subjects taken stimulant drugs and captive animals. !
•In humans: neurological troubles, brain damages •In animals: sub-optimal environment Functional Hypotheses: discharge tension, stress, frustration (Nind & Kellett 2002).
Mason, G. J. 1991. Stereotypies: a critical review. Animal Behaviour 41:1015-1037.
Deviations
Stereotypies !Abnormal behavior: Away from the norm (Fraser & Broom 1990) Lacking in function (Fraser 1968) Causing harm to the individual (Schmidt
1982)
Mason, G. J. 1991. Stereotypies: a critical review. Animal Behaviour 41:1015-1037.
Deviations
• Disturbances in small-world functional brain network structure is associated with schizophrenia.
Micheloyannis et al 2006;
Micheloyannis et al 2006;
Deviations
• A decrease of low and medium frequency neural activity, and an increase of high frequency neural activity as an effect of MDMA.
Frei et al 2001;
Frei et al 2001;
Deviations• Autism and neural networks
Keown et al. 2013
Hypotheses about causes of autism: lack of connectivity
Highest levels of connectivity = largest deficits in social functioning
Deviations• Autism and neural networks
Keown et al. 2013
Therapy? Aid to diagnosis Epilepsy drugs might be useful to treat autism
Propositions
Propositions
• Mood variability monitoring (apps that suggest to change activity);
Propositions
• Movement practices that induce chaotic patterns in motion;
Thank you