Bob Weaber, Ph.D.0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7) s) Beef Production Total Commercial Cattle...
Transcript of Bob Weaber, Ph.D.0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7) s) Beef Production Total Commercial Cattle...
Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
Beef Production and Recording Technical Session - 37th ICAR Session - Riga, Latvia 1
Bob Weaber, Ph.D.State Extension Specialist-Beef Genetics University of Missouri
US Beef Industry Inventories
Production
Structure Trends Genetic
Performance Recording
Breed Registrations
New trait development
New Technologies
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Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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US beef production is a big business
Largest segment in Ag sector of US economy
$61 billion in 2007 (USDA, 2007)
32.8 million beef cows (USDA, 2007)
765,000 beef farms/ranches (USDA, 2009a)
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Beef Production Total Commercial Cattle Slaughter Cattle and Calves Inventory
(USDA, 2010)
Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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Segmented business Uncoordinated
▪ Marketing▪ Breeding decisions/objectives
Undifferentiated products and market channels
‘Island mentality’
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Seedstock
Feedyard
Packer
Consumer
Commercial
Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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An
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eg
istr
ato
ins
ANGUS
HEREFORD
RED ANGUS
CHAROLAIS
SIMMENTAL
LIMOUSIN
CHIANINA
GELBVIEH
MAINE ANJOU
SALERS
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YW
EP
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lls
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YW
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)
Year of Birth
YW-Bulls YW EPD
Data Source: 2009 Am. Angus Sire Evaluation Report; Phenotypic and Genetic Trends
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800850900950
100010501100115012001250
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100
YW
-Bu
lls
YW EPD
YW Line Fit Plot
YW-Bulls Predicted YW-Bulls
Data Source: 2009 Am. Angus Sire Evaluation Report; Phenotypic and Genetic Trends
YWPheno = 910 + 3.38*YWEPD
R2 = 0.96
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Data Source: 2009 Am. Angus Sire Evaluation Report; Phenotypic and Genetic Trends
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BW
-Bu
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BW EPD
BW Line Fit Plot
BW-Bulls Predicted BW-Bulls
Data Source: 2009 Am. Angus Sire Evaluation Report; Phenotypic and Genetic Trends
BWPheno = 75 + 2.68*BWEPD
R2 = 0.95
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Across Breed EPD Genetic Trends-BIRTH WEIGHTAll Breeds Presented on ANGUS EPD Base
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Weaber and Fennewald, 2009
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Weaber and Fennewald, 2009
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Weaber and Fennewald, 2009
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Weaber and Fennewald, 2009
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(Am. Angus Association, 2009; Am. Simmental Association, 2009)
Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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Breed Bir
th W
eig
ht
Wean
ing
Weig
ht
Milk
Yearl
ing
Weig
ht
To
tal M
ate
rnal
Yearl
ing
Heig
ht
Matu
re H
eig
ht
Matu
re W
eig
ht
Scro
tal C
ircu
mfe
ren
ce
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tio
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gth
Calv
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Ease D
irect
Calv
ing
Ease M
ate
rnal
Heif
er
Pre
gn
an
cy
Carc
ass W
eig
ht
Rib
eye A
rea
Fat
Th
ickn
ess
Marb
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g
Reta
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rod
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ld G
rad
e
Ten
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Perc
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t In
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Fat
Rib
eye A
rea
Fat
Th
ickn
ess
Reta
il P
rod
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yab
ilit
y
Main
ten
an
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nerg
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Do
cilit
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Angus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Charolais X X X X X X X X X X X X
Gelbvieh X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Hereford X X X X X X X X X X
Limousin X X X X X X X X
Maine Anjou X X X X X X X X X X
Red Angus X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Simmental X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Growth Reproduction Carcass Ultrasound Other
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YearAAA Registrations Weaning Weights Recorded WW Records as Percentage of Registrations
(Am. Angus Association, 2010b)
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Yearling Wt.
Ultrasound
(Am. Angus Association, 2010b)
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Calving Ease
Birth Wt.
Weaning Wt.
Yearling Wt
Yearling Ht.
Carcass
Ultrasound
AAA Registrations
(Am. Angus Association, 2010b)
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Traditional – registration and performance systems separate ($ for each) – Pay as you go
Cow or herd based systems One fee for performance record processing,
registration and transfer
Cow based system, per cow charge on entire inventory (AR, SM, GV)
Hybrid systems (decoupling of registration and performance record charges)
Objectives – more performance record density and fertility/longevity data
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Calving Ease (Direct and Maternal)
DONE!
Growth (BW, WW, YW, CW)
DONE!
Carcass (Marbling, Yield, Fat Thickness, REA)
DONE!
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Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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Maternal/Reproduction
Heifer Pregnancy
Stayability/LPL
▪ SP(5|1)
▪ S(5| 1,2,3,4)
Temperament/Docility
Chute Scores
Feed Intake/Efficiency
FCR, FE, RFI, FI
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Difficult?
Lots of EPDs
Some for Economically Relevant Trait (ERT) some for Indicator Traits
Important?
More than one trait is important for enterprise, operation or industry profitability
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A trait that has a direct cost or return associated with it is an Economically Relevant Trait (ERT).
Traits that are correlated to ERTs are indicator traits.
Example: Is Birth Weight or Calving East the ERT? Why??
Weaning Weight or Yearling Weight?
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Reproduction:Growth:End Product
2:1:1(Melton, 1995)
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$W = Weaning Value ($ per head) BW, WW, Milk, Mature Wt.
$F = Feedlot Value ($ per head) WW, YW and correlations
$ QG = Quality Grade ($ per head) $ YG = Yield Grade ($ per head) $G = Grid Value ($ per head) Grade and yield components
$B = Beef Value ($ per head) $F and $G adjusted for weight and costs
$EN = Cow Energy (savings/cow/year) Milk and Mature Wt. as they relate to maintenance energy
requirementsBeef Production and Recording Technical Session - 37th ICAR Session - Riga, Latvia 2906/02/2010
New tools Sequencing
SNP detection and characterization
High throughput genotyping platforms▪ 3K, 20K, 50K, 800K SNP per chips
Bovine Genome Sequence SNP identification
Additional SNP discovery to build BovineSNP50 chip
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Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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Increased utility Markers will describe a larger portion of additive
genetic merit▪ Inclusion of many more marked QTL
Panels will be generated for a larger number of ERT and qualitative traits
Enhance selection response and elimination of deleterious genes
Incorporation of genomic data into genetic evaluation systems
Rapid proliferation over next 12-18 months
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n=1,707 animals
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(Adapted from Rolf et al., 2010)
Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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0.3
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Correlation between NRM and subsets of GRM
Correlation between subsets of GRM and full GRM
0.9147
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(Adapted from Rolf et al., 2010)
=35
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2 2 20.20;% 50;% 10A Ph
(Rolf et al., 2009)
Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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Large marker panels or whole genome selection system
Incorporate marker data into EPD calculation Am. Simmental used WBSF markers in computation
of EPD
Am. Angus Association debut of Genome Assisted Carcass EPDs
Improves accuracy for young animals/selection candidates
Reduces need to collect expensive phenotypes Eliminates discrepancies in MBV and EPD
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MARB IMF MBV
MARB ~0.45 ~ 0.60 ??IMF ~0.35 ??
MBV ~ 1.0
Heritability on diagonal, genetic correlations off diagonal
Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
Beef Production and Recording Technical Session - 37th ICAR Session - Riga, Latvia 19
“The BIF Commission believes that information from DNA test only has value in selection when incorporated with all other available forms of performance information for economically important traits in NCE, and when communicated in the form of an EPD with a corresponding BIF accuracy.”
--Tess 2008
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Development of ERTs
Phenotypic record collection is difficult and expensive
Expansion of herd/cow based recording systems to capture fertility/longevity data
Expansion of participation in performance system by seed stock and commercial producers
Implementation of genomic selection tools
ERT/defect focused
Adequately sized resource populations for training/QTL discovery
Evaluation and delivery platforms to handle genotype/MBV data
Cost vs. response to selection
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Robert L. Weaber, Ph.D. 6/02/2010
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Am. Angus Association. 2010a. 2009 Angus Sire Evaluation report. http://www.angus.org/Nce/AHIRAvg.aspx. Accessed May 20, 2010. Am. Angus Association. 2010b. Personal communication: Historic performance record and registration counts time series. Bourden, R. M. 1998. Shortcomings of current genetic evaluation systems. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2308-2323 Garcia, L. G., K. L. Nicholson, T. W. Hoffman, T. E. Lawrence, D. S. Hale, D. B. Griffin, J. W. Savell, D. L. VanOverbeke, J. B. Morgan, K. E. Belk, T.
G. Field, J. A. Scanga, J. D. Tatum, and G. C. Smith. 2008. National Beef Quality Audit–2005: Survey of targeted cattle and carcass characteristics related to quality, quantity, and value of fed steers and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 86:3533-3543.
Golden, B. L., D. J. Garrick, S. Newman, and R. M. Enns. 2000. Economically Relevant Traits A Framework for the Next Generation of EPDs. Proc. 32nd Annual Research Symposium and Annual Meeting, Beef Improvement Federation, Wichita, Kansas.
Hazel, L. N. 1943. The genetic basis for constructing selection indexes. Genetics 28:476-490. Hazel L. N. and J. L. Lush. 1943. The efficiency of three methods of selection. Journ. Hered. 33:393-399. Henderson, C. R. 1951. Mimeo published by Cornell University. Ithaca, NY. Koots, K. R., J. P. Gibson, and J. W. Wilton. 1994. Analyses of published genetic parameter estimates for beef production traits. 2. Phenotypic and
genetic correlations. An Breeding Abstr 62:825. MacNeil, M. D., J. D. Nkrumah, B. W. Woodward, and S. L. Northcutt. 2010. Genetic evaluation of Angus cattle for carcass marbling using
ultrasound and genomic indicators. J Anim Sci 2010 88: 517-522. National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA). 2000. Executive Summary of the 2000 National Beef Quality Audit. Accessed on May 7, 2007 at:
http://www.texasbeef.org/files/publication_4_NBQA2000.pdf Roeber, D. L., D. R. McKenna, P. K. Bates, T. B. Schmidt, K. E. Belk, T. G. Field, J. A. Scanga, J. W. Savell, J. B. Morgan, T. H. Montgomery, and G. C.
Smith. 2002. The 2000 National Beef Quality Audits: Views of producers, packers, and merchandisers on current quality characteristics of beef. Prof. An. Sci. 18:112-119.
Rolf, M. M., J. F. Taylor, R. D. Schnabel, S. D. McKay, M. C. McClure, S. L. Northcutt, M. S. Kerley and R. L. Weaber. 2010. Impact of reduced marker set estimation of genomic relationship matrices on genomic selection for feed efficiency in Angus cattle. BMC Genet. 11:24.
Rolf, M. M. 209. M.S. Thesis, University of Missouri. USDA. 2009a. 2007 Census of Agriculture: United States Summary and State Data. Vol. 1, Geographic Series, Part 51, Pages 7,19. USDA. 2009b. National Weekly Direct Slaughter Cattle - Formulated and Forward Contract – Domestic. Accessed on 07/08/2009 at:
http://mpr.datamart.ams.usda.gov/menu.do?path=\Species\Cattle\Weekly Cattle\(LM_CT151) National Weekly Direct Slaughter Cattle -Formulated and Forward Contract - Domestic
USDA. 2009c. National Weekly Direct Slaughter Cattle - Negotiated Purchases. Accessed on 07/08/2009 at: http://mpr.datamart.ams.usda.gov/menu.do?path=\Species\Cattle\Weekly Cattle\(LM_CT154) National Weekly Direct Slaughter Cattle -Negotiated Purchases
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