BoatsBoatsProject #6Project #6

Introduction to TransportationIntroduction to Transportation

ObjectivesObjectives After completing this activity, After completing this activity,

students will be able to:students will be able to:

• Review the effects of gravity and Review the effects of gravity and friction on marine vehiclesfriction on marine vehicles

• Review different types, shapes, and Review different types, shapes, and designs of boats and why they are designs of boats and why they are usedused

• Research different boat building Research different boat building materials and what makes them materials and what makes them floatfloat

ObjectivesObjectives• State the processes involved in creating a State the processes involved in creating a

Sail Boat that must travel the full distance Sail Boat that must travel the full distance of the trough in under 5 seconds using of the trough in under 5 seconds using wood and being propelled by a fan on wood and being propelled by a fan on medium speed.medium speed.

• Using the Wind Tunnel, test your boats Using the Wind Tunnel, test your boats drag and aerodynamics.drag and aerodynamics.

ContentContent We have all either been in or We have all either been in or

have seen boats before. This have seen boats before. This project is meant to inform you project is meant to inform you and educate you about different and educate you about different types and uses of boats. It is types and uses of boats. It is also a chance for you to come up also a chance for you to come up with a way for your sail to grab with a way for your sail to grab as much wind to help it propel as much wind to help it propel itself down the trough. itself down the trough.

Effects of Gravity and Effects of Gravity and FrictionFriction

• What role does Gravity play on your What role does Gravity play on your boats?boats?

Answer:Answer:

Gravity is a pulling force, pulling Gravity is a pulling force, pulling everything towards the center of the everything towards the center of the earth. When it comes to any type of earth. When it comes to any type of vehicles you can’t get rid of gravity. Boat vehicles you can’t get rid of gravity. Boat manufacturers know it is there and are manufacturers know it is there and are forced to work around it. forced to work around it.

Effects of Gravity and Effects of Gravity and FrictionFriction

What role does Friction play on a boat?What role does Friction play on a boat?

Answer:Answer:

Friction on a boat is everywhere. When you Friction on a boat is everywhere. When you are floating with the engine off or pulling are floating with the engine off or pulling some friends on a wakeboard, friction is doing some friends on a wakeboard, friction is doing a job on your boat. Since you can’t eliminate a job on your boat. Since you can’t eliminate friction, there are ways to reduce it. For friction, there are ways to reduce it. For example, putting special gel coats on the example, putting special gel coats on the outside hull of the boat makes a nice glossy outside hull of the boat makes a nice glossy surface.surface.

This glossy surface allows the water to This glossy surface allows the water to slide easier along side the hull and out slide easier along side the hull and out the back. Water is all around the hull the back. Water is all around the hull of the boat, dragging it back as you are of the boat, dragging it back as you are trying to make it go forwards. trying to make it go forwards.

What are some other ways to reduce What are some other ways to reduce boat friction?boat friction?

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

Hull Designs And UsesHull Designs And Uses

• Boat designs encompass a vast range Boat designs encompass a vast range depending on the specific use for which depending on the specific use for which the boat is planned. Boats are basically the boat is planned. Boats are basically designed in two categories: designed in two categories:

• Displacement vesselsDisplacement vessels are designed to are designed to move through the water with a minimum move through the water with a minimum of propulsion. They will have a large of propulsion. They will have a large underwater profile and will ride underwater profile and will ride comfortably although slowly. Trawlers and comfortably although slowly. Trawlers and large sailing vessels are displacement large sailing vessels are displacement vessels. vessels.

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

Planing vesselsPlaning vessels, however, are , however, are designed to actually rise up and ride designed to actually rise up and ride on top of the water when power is on top of the water when power is applied.applied.

They require considerably more They require considerably more horsepower to get the boat up but horsepower to get the boat up but they can attain much higher speeds they can attain much higher speeds from the reduced friction of moving on from the reduced friction of moving on top of the water rather than through top of the water rather than through the water.the water.

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats Flat-bottom boatsFlat-bottom boats

• The one thing you can say about flat-bottom The one thing you can say about flat-bottom boats is that with their large bottom area, boats is that with their large bottom area, the boat is very stable in calm weather. the boat is very stable in calm weather. Characteristically, however, the flat, broad Characteristically, however, the flat, broad bow area creates a rough ride. These boats bow area creates a rough ride. These boats are usually limited to low horsepower are usually limited to low horsepower motors because they don't handle well at motors because they don't handle well at high speed. Flat-bottom boats are greatly high speed. Flat-bottom boats are greatly suited for fishing in skinny water from the suited for fishing in skinny water from the Susquehanna River to the Florida Keys, Susquehanna River to the Florida Keys, where a very shallow draft is a must. where a very shallow draft is a must.

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

•Early in our nautical history, boats Early in our nautical history, boats were powered by wind or by hand-were powered by wind or by hand-stroked oars. Early boat designers stroked oars. Early boat designers found that boats went faster, and found that boats went faster, and were easier to steer, if the bow were easier to steer, if the bow was pointed. They also soon was pointed. They also soon discovered that by lowering the discovered that by lowering the center of gravity, the high sail center of gravity, the high sail masts had better balance, and masts had better balance, and usually kept the boat upright even usually kept the boat upright even in bad weather.in bad weather.

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoatsDisplacement, planing hullsDisplacement, planing hulls

• These early boats were constructed with These early boats were constructed with "displacement" hulls. This means that the "displacement" hulls. This means that the hull would push through or cruise through hull would push through or cruise through the water. The proper propeller for a the water. The proper propeller for a displacement hull is one with a lower pitch displacement hull is one with a lower pitch when powered by an outboard or stern when powered by an outboard or stern drive. With the advent of mechanical drive. With the advent of mechanical power came boats with "planing" hulls, power came boats with "planing" hulls, which lift the boat partially out of the which lift the boat partially out of the water to skim on the surface. Today, it's water to skim on the surface. Today, it's sometimes difficult to tell the difference sometimes difficult to tell the difference between the two, but there are slight between the two, but there are slight differences. Propellers on boats with differences. Propellers on boats with planing hulls often are not fully planing hulls often are not fully submerged, so they need to provide submerged, so they need to provide holding ability as well as higher pitch and holding ability as well as higher pitch and rake, because of higher top-end speeds.rake, because of higher top-end speeds.

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

Round-bottom hull,"V" bottomsRound-bottom hull,"V" bottoms

• The round-bottom boat has mostly a The round-bottom boat has mostly a displacement hull and is usually used for displacement hull and is usually used for dinghies, tenders, and some car-top dinghies, tenders, and some car-top boats. This boat style is usually easier to boats. This boat style is usually easier to maneuver at slow speeds than the flat-maneuver at slow speeds than the flat-bottom boat. bottom boat.

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats• The "V"-bottom boat is probably the most The "V"-bottom boat is probably the most

common hull design. Most manufacturers of boats common hull design. Most manufacturers of boats built today use modifications of this design. This built today use modifications of this design. This design offers a good ride in rough water as the design offers a good ride in rough water as the pointed bow slices forward and the "V"-shaped pointed bow slices forward and the "V"-shaped bottom softens the up-and-down movement of bottom softens the up-and-down movement of the boat. The degree of the angle of the "V" is the boat. The degree of the angle of the "V" is called "dead rise." As the "V" shape extends to called "dead rise." As the "V" shape extends to the back of the boat, it usually flattens out until it the back of the boat, it usually flattens out until it all but disappears at the transom. Some "V"-all but disappears at the transom. Some "V"-bottom boats have a flat surface at the very bottom boats have a flat surface at the very bottom called a "pad." This pad allows a little bottom called a "pad." This pad allows a little more planing surface and at the sacrifice of a more planing surface and at the sacrifice of a little softness in the ride, but this addition little softness in the ride, but this addition increases top speed.increases top speed.

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

Tri-hull, tunnel hullTri-hull, tunnel hull

• There are many boats in Pennsylvania There are many boats in Pennsylvania waters that are a distinct modification of waters that are a distinct modification of the "V"-bottom that are called tri-hulls the "V"-bottom that are called tri-hulls and cathedral hulls. The tri-hull boat is and cathedral hulls. The tri-hull boat is the traditional "V" hull with additional the traditional "V" hull with additional outside hulls. This design is more stable outside hulls. This design is more stable than the "V"-bottom at rest, but it gives a than the "V"-bottom at rest, but it gives a rougher ride in choppy water because of rougher ride in choppy water because of the increased surface at the bow. the increased surface at the bow.

Designs and Shapes of Designs and Shapes of BoatsBoats

• Tunnel boats have been designed to trap Tunnel boats have been designed to trap a cushion of air beneath the hull to a cushion of air beneath the hull to reduce drag on the outside hulls. This reduce drag on the outside hulls. This design is different from a catamaran design is different from a catamaran bottom because the inner edges of the bottom because the inner edges of the outside hulls have sharp corners to outside hulls have sharp corners to improve the handling of these boats at improve the handling of these boats at very high speeds. Many race boats are very high speeds. Many race boats are constructed with tunnel hulls and are constructed with tunnel hulls and are sometimes called "hydroplanes."sometimes called "hydroplanes."

What is a Seat Belt?What is a Seat Belt?

Answer: Answer:

According to the web page: According to the web page: http://www.crash-worthiness.com/injury/seat-belt.hthttp://www.crash-worthiness.com/injury/seat-belt.htmlml Seat belt injuries can occur when a defective Seat belt injuries can occur when a defective seat belt fails to adequately protect a vehicle seat belt fails to adequately protect a vehicle passenger in the “second collision” phase of passenger in the “second collision” phase of an automobile accident. There are thought to an automobile accident. There are thought to be two collisions in an auto accident. The first be two collisions in an auto accident. The first collision is the vehicle's impact with another collision is the vehicle's impact with another vehicle or object. The second collision is the vehicle or object. The second collision is the passenger's impact with the interior of the passenger's impact with the interior of the vehicle, or in cases of ejection, impact outside vehicle, or in cases of ejection, impact outside the vehicle.the vehicle.

Seat BeltsSeat BeltsThe purpose of a seat belt is to minimize the injuries The purpose of a seat belt is to minimize the injuries and damage caused in a second collision by reducing and damage caused in a second collision by reducing or eliminating injurious occupant contact with the or eliminating injurious occupant contact with the vehicle's interior. Seat belt injuries often occur when vehicle's interior. Seat belt injuries often occur when there is a seat belt design, production, or installation there is a seat belt design, production, or installation defect. The National Highway Traffic Safety defect. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that more than 2.9 million Administration estimates that more than 2.9 million people suffered seat belt injuries in 2002. In that people suffered seat belt injuries in 2002. In that same year almost 43,000 people died as a result of same year almost 43,000 people died as a result of seat belt injuries. The percentage of passengers who seat belt injuries. The percentage of passengers who wear seat belts is at a record high in our nation at 79 wear seat belts is at a record high in our nation at 79 percent. The number of people wearing their seat belt percent. The number of people wearing their seat belt who suffer from serious seat injuries indicates that who suffer from serious seat injuries indicates that seat belt defectiveness is often the cause of damage seat belt defectiveness is often the cause of damage in these accidents. In twenty percent of all rollover in these accidents. In twenty percent of all rollover accidents seat belt failure is a main contributory accidents seat belt failure is a main contributory factor to serious injury. factor to serious injury.

Seat BeltsSeat BeltsAlthough seat belts do save a lot of lives there Although seat belts do save a lot of lives there are a few times when they didn’t work are a few times when they didn’t work properly as you just heard. Restraint is properly as you just heard. Restraint is important to minimize the injury caused by important to minimize the injury caused by the second impact. For this project, we will be the second impact. For this project, we will be using eggs to represent humans and you will using eggs to represent humans and you will be devising your own seat belt to restrain the be devising your own seat belt to restrain the egg to the pine frame. You may use string, egg to the pine frame. You may use string, wire, elastics, other types of strapping wire, elastics, other types of strapping material. You cannot cover the egg with material. You cannot cover the egg with fabric to hold it down, the egg must be fabric to hold it down, the egg must be exposed showing the seat belt. Don’t tape exposed showing the seat belt. Don’t tape the egg down either as the tape might rip the the egg down either as the tape might rip the shell off when you take it out to show me if it shell off when you take it out to show me if it survived. survived.

Seat BeltsSeat BeltsYour vehicle with the egg on it restrained Your vehicle with the egg on it restrained by your seat belt will be sent down a by your seat belt will be sent down a ramp into a wall. If your seat belt works ramp into a wall. If your seat belt works you egg will stay in the vehicle and not you egg will stay in the vehicle and not break. You must also make a body for break. You must also make a body for your vehicle out of cardboard. It doesn’t your vehicle out of cardboard. It doesn’t have to look like a specific vehicle but have to look like a specific vehicle but rather a general type. The top of your rather a general type. The top of your vehicle has to be open so you can get vehicle has to be open so you can get your egg out and back in without having your egg out and back in without having to take the body off. Cardboard needs to to take the body off. Cardboard needs to be along all four sides but not the top.be along all four sides but not the top.

Roll Cage and Roll BarsRoll Cage and Roll BarsWhat is a Roll Cage?What is a Roll Cage?

Answer:Answer:

The next stage in stiffening the chassis is The next stage in stiffening the chassis is usually adding a roll cage. Though usually adding a roll cage. Though primarily a safety feature, roll cages are primarily a safety feature, roll cages are welded or bolted to the chassis in several welded or bolted to the chassis in several places which adds to the places which adds to the chassis' chassis' resistance to twistingresistance to twisting. There are numerous . There are numerous styles of roll bars and roll cages. styles of roll bars and roll cages.

Roll Cage and Roll BarsRoll Cage and Roll BarsWhat is the difference between a Roll Cage and Roll What is the difference between a Roll Cage and Roll

Bars?Bars?

Answer:Answer:

The difference between a roll bar and cage is the The difference between a roll bar and cage is the complexity of the structure, and its scope of complexity of the structure, and its scope of protection. Generally, the roll bar's purpose is only protection. Generally, the roll bar's purpose is only to provide a crush resistant structure above the to provide a crush resistant structure above the driver's head. This is usually a single bar with driver's head. This is usually a single bar with support bars to have four points of contact with the support bars to have four points of contact with the car chassis for strength (a two-point roll bar is car chassis for strength (a two-point roll bar is useless for racing). A roll cage is a more complete useless for racing). A roll cage is a more complete structure designed to protect the driver from all structure designed to protect the driver from all sides. Obviously, the latter is safer, but may be sides. Obviously, the latter is safer, but may be impractical for the dual purpose street car as it will impractical for the dual purpose street car as it will require significant modification to the car's interior require significant modification to the car's interior panels.panels.

Roll Cage and Roll BarsRoll Cage and Roll BarsFor this project you will be starting with your For this project you will be starting with your block of pine and creating a custom roll cage block of pine and creating a custom roll cage to protect your egg. You already have a seat to protect your egg. You already have a seat belt design that will need to be modified if it belt design that will need to be modified if it didn’t work. You will then get a three foot didn’t work. You will then get a three foot long piece of 1/8” copper rod that you will long piece of 1/8” copper rod that you will use to solder together your custom roll cage. use to solder together your custom roll cage. Your roll cage must be attached to your block Your roll cage must be attached to your block of wood. You may also attach your roll cage of wood. You may also attach your roll cage to the body of your vehicle. The roll cage to the body of your vehicle. The roll cage must be up at least a ¼” above your must be up at least a ¼” above your cardboard body. This is done to prevent you cardboard body. This is done to prevent you from using your cardboard body instead of from using your cardboard body instead of the roll cage to protect the egg. the roll cage to protect the egg.

BumpersBumpersWhat is a Bumper?What is a Bumper?

Answer:Answer:

A bumper is a shield made of steel, A bumper is a shield made of steel, aluminum, rubber, or plastic that is mounted aluminum, rubber, or plastic that is mounted on the front and rear of a passenger car. on the front and rear of a passenger car. When a low speed collision occurs, the When a low speed collision occurs, the bumper system absorbs the shock to bumper system absorbs the shock to prevent or reduce damage to the car. Some prevent or reduce damage to the car. Some bumpers use energy absorbers or brackets bumpers use energy absorbers or brackets and others are made with a foam cushioning and others are made with a foam cushioning material material

BumpersBumpersWhat is the purpose of a bumper?What is the purpose of a bumper?

Answer:Answer:

The car bumper is designed to prevent or The car bumper is designed to prevent or reduce physical damage to the front and rear reduce physical damage to the front and rear ends of passenger motor vehicles in low-ends of passenger motor vehicles in low-speed collisions. Automobile bumpers are speed collisions. Automobile bumpers are not typically designed to be structural not typically designed to be structural components that would significantly components that would significantly contribute to vehicle crashworthiness or contribute to vehicle crashworthiness or occupant protection during front or rear occupant protection during front or rear collisions. collisions.

BumpersBumpersIt is not a safety feature intended to It is not a safety feature intended to prevent or mitigate injury severity prevent or mitigate injury severity to occupants in the passenger cars.to occupants in the passenger cars. Bumpers are designed to protect the Bumpers are designed to protect the hood, trunk, grille, fuel, exhaust and hood, trunk, grille, fuel, exhaust and cooling system as well as safety related cooling system as well as safety related equipment such as parking lights, equipment such as parking lights, headlamps and taillights in low speed headlamps and taillights in low speed collisionscollisions

BumpersBumpersWhat are Federal Regulations for bumpers?What are Federal Regulations for bumpers?

Answer:Answer:

49 CFR Part 581, "The bumper standard," 49 CFR Part 581, "The bumper standard," prescribes performance requirements for prescribes performance requirements for passenger carspassenger cars in low-speed front and rear in low-speed front and rear collisions. It applies to front and rear collisions. It applies to front and rear bumpers on passenger cars to prevent the bumpers on passenger cars to prevent the damage to the car body and safety related damage to the car body and safety related equipment at barrier impact speeds of 2½ equipment at barrier impact speeds of 2½ mph across the full width and 1½ mph on mph across the full width and 1½ mph on the corners. the corners.

BumpersBumpersThis is equivalent to a 5 mph crash into a This is equivalent to a 5 mph crash into a parked vehicle of the same weight. The parked vehicle of the same weight. The standard requires protection in the region standard requires protection in the region 16 to 20 inches above the road surface, 16 to 20 inches above the road surface, and the manufacturer can provide the and the manufacturer can provide the protection by any means it wants. For protection by any means it wants. For example, some vehicles do not have a example, some vehicles do not have a solid bumper across the vehicle, but meet solid bumper across the vehicle, but meet the standard by strategically placed the standard by strategically placed bumper guards and corner guards. bumper guards and corner guards.

Information from the web site:

http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/problems/studies/Bumper/Index.html

BumpersBumpersThe third stage of your project consists of The third stage of your project consists of your vehicle having a bumper attached to it. your vehicle having a bumper attached to it. You will be cutting dowel rods, attaching You will be cutting dowel rods, attaching small springs to them and putting them into small springs to them and putting them into holes drilled in the front of your vehicle. holes drilled in the front of your vehicle. You will then attach a custom bumper of You will then attach a custom bumper of your design to the dowels. We will send your design to the dowels. We will send these vehicles down a ramp and into these vehicles down a ramp and into another vehicle coming down an opposing another vehicle coming down an opposing ramp. If your bumper, roll cage, and seat ramp. If your bumper, roll cage, and seat belt do their jobs your egg should survive belt do their jobs your egg should survive the impacts. the impacts.

MaterialsMaterials• Scrap woodScrap wood

• Pine Pine

• Metal Rod 1/8” diameter OR Metal Rod 1/8” diameter OR ¼” Dowel Rod¼” Dowel Rod

• Wood Glue/ Hot GlueWood Glue/ Hot Glue

• Supplies from traysSupplies from trays

• Machines and toolsMachines and tools

ChallengeChallenge Each student working on their own will design, Each student working on their own will design,

sketch, and construct their own Safety Vehicle sketch, and construct their own Safety Vehicle using various materials and equipment in the using various materials and equipment in the Construction Lab. The Sketches are random ideas Construction Lab. The Sketches are random ideas of your thoughts but there should be a minimum of of your thoughts but there should be a minimum of 4. From those 4 sketches select 1, draw it in detail 4. From those 4 sketches select 1, draw it in detail using a ruler and straight lines (no freehand using a ruler and straight lines (no freehand drawing). Be sure to include dimensions on your drawing). Be sure to include dimensions on your Initial Drawings. When the project is complete you Initial Drawings. When the project is complete you will be required to complete the evaluation form will be required to complete the evaluation form and do a Final Drawing. The Final Drawing and do a Final Drawing. The Final Drawing compares what your Safety Vehicle ended up compares what your Safety Vehicle ended up looking like (again, no freehand drawing, use looking like (again, no freehand drawing, use rulers) to what you drew for your Initial Drawing. rulers) to what you drew for your Initial Drawing. Your grade is broken down into Your grade is broken down into 6 parts6 parts be sure to be sure to see the Evaluation part for further explanation. see the Evaluation part for further explanation.

ChallengeChallenge Your grade for Your grade for part 1part 1 depends on how close depends on how close

to your Initial Drawing you constructed to your Initial Drawing you constructed your Safety Vehicle. The closer it your Safety Vehicle. The closer it resembles your Initial Drawing, the better resembles your Initial Drawing, the better your grade will be. The more changes you your grade will be. The more changes you make or extra pieces you add the lower make or extra pieces you add the lower your grade will be. The safety vehicle is a your grade will be. The safety vehicle is a 12” piece of pine wood that you will drill 12” piece of pine wood that you will drill two holes in for axles. You will then cut two holes in for axles. You will then cut cardboard in the shape of your vehicle cardboard in the shape of your vehicle attaching it to the wood. Your vehicle must attaching it to the wood. Your vehicle must resemble a car, truck, or SUV. You cannot resemble a car, truck, or SUV. You cannot just make up a vehicle. It does not have to just make up a vehicle. It does not have to be as detailed as the Accuracy Cars but it be as detailed as the Accuracy Cars but it has to look like a car, truck or SUV.has to look like a car, truck or SUV.

ChallengeChallengeThere are many different tests that will be There are many different tests that will be conducted on your vehicle and you will have ample conducted on your vehicle and you will have ample time to complete each before we test. Your grade time to complete each before we test. Your grade for for part 2part 2 depends on your project being tested for a depends on your project being tested for a seat belt. You will cut a piece of wood 12” long x 4” seat belt. You will cut a piece of wood 12” long x 4” wide. You will then drill two holes through the piece wide. You will then drill two holes through the piece for your axle to fit through. Next you will drill a hole for your axle to fit through. Next you will drill a hole in the middle of your board being sure not to go all in the middle of your board being sure not to go all the way through it. It should be large enough to the way through it. It should be large enough to hold an egg crate in. Your egg will sit inside the egg hold an egg crate in. Your egg will sit inside the egg crate which is in your board. Next you will be using crate which is in your board. Next you will be using up to 5 elastic bands to hold down your egg. The up to 5 elastic bands to hold down your egg. The elastics are acting like a seat belt. The way you elastics are acting like a seat belt. The way you wrap them around your egg determines whether it wrap them around your egg determines whether it will survive or not. We will then be rolling your will survive or not. We will then be rolling your project down a ramp and into the wall and see how project down a ramp and into the wall and see how your car does. Will it be too top heavy, front heavy, your car does. Will it be too top heavy, front heavy, or side heavy causing your vehicle to flip over or side heavy causing your vehicle to flip over breaking the egg. Will your elastics hold the egg in breaking the egg. Will your elastics hold the egg in safely or will it just pop out at impact.safely or will it just pop out at impact.

ChallengeChallengeFor your For your Part 3Part 3 you will again sketch and you will again sketch and draw an Initial Drawing with dimensions of draw an Initial Drawing with dimensions of a bumper design. You will have to create a bumper design. You will have to create a bumper for the same vehicle. You will a bumper for the same vehicle. You will be drilling two 3/8” holes in the front of be drilling two 3/8” holes in the front of your vehicles being sure to make them your vehicles being sure to make them only 4 inches deep. You will then insert only 4 inches deep. You will then insert two springs provided by me into the holes. two springs provided by me into the holes. You will then attach two dowel rods to the You will then attach two dowel rods to the springs. Next you will be fabricating your springs. Next you will be fabricating your own bumper design that you feel is the own bumper design that you feel is the safest design.safest design. Your bumper must wrap Your bumper must wrap around the front of the vehicle. Your around the front of the vehicle. Your bumper is not a plow or a spike or point. bumper is not a plow or a spike or point. Finally your bumper must attach to the Finally your bumper must attach to the two spring loaded dowel rods.two spring loaded dowel rods.

ChallengeChallengeWhen ready we put the egg in the crate holder When ready we put the egg in the crate holder again securing it with up to 5 elastic bands and again securing it with up to 5 elastic bands and send it down the ramp and into a wall in the send it down the ramp and into a wall in the hallway. The idea is to test different bumper hallway. The idea is to test different bumper ideas and prevent the egg from breaking. Your ideas and prevent the egg from breaking. Your bumper must wrap around the front of the bumper must wrap around the front of the vehicle. Your bumper is not a plow or a spike or vehicle. Your bumper is not a plow or a spike or point. Finally your bumper must attach to the point. Finally your bumper must attach to the two spring loaded dowel rods. Once this part is two spring loaded dowel rods. Once this part is completed you will have to do Final Drawing of completed you will have to do Final Drawing of your bumper plus the evaluation worksheet. For your bumper plus the evaluation worksheet. For Part 4Part 4 is to sketch and draw a roll cage on a is to sketch and draw a roll cage on a piece of paper being sure to include dimensions piece of paper being sure to include dimensions and details. and details.

ChallengeChallengeWhen you have created your safety vehicle you will When you have created your safety vehicle you will be given a copper rod that is 3 feet long and 1/8” be given a copper rod that is 3 feet long and 1/8” thick to create your roll cage. You will be bending thick to create your roll cage. You will be bending and soldering this rod together and attaching it to and soldering this rod together and attaching it to your vehicle being sure to use up all 3 feet of the rod. your vehicle being sure to use up all 3 feet of the rod. Try not to cut it too many times to ensure you get all Try not to cut it too many times to ensure you get all the strength. Also the cardboard sides cannot be the strength. Also the cardboard sides cannot be higher than the roll cage. The roll cage must be at higher than the roll cage. The roll cage must be at least a 1/4” above the cardboard body. We will then least a 1/4” above the cardboard body. We will then place an egg inside your roll cage and roll your place an egg inside your roll cage and roll your vehicle down the stairs leading to the library. Your vehicle down the stairs leading to the library. Your vehicle must travel the full distance of the stairs to vehicle must travel the full distance of the stairs to receive credit. If it stops half way you must push it a receive credit. If it stops half way you must push it a little to keep it rolling. The idea is to prevent the egg little to keep it rolling. The idea is to prevent the egg from breaking and learning about stress points on a from breaking and learning about stress points on a roll cage. Your egg will rest on a single egg crate roll cage. Your egg will rest on a single egg crate holder. The holder is screwed to the vehicle and egg holder. The holder is screwed to the vehicle and egg is held in with elastic bands, up to 5 if needed. When is held in with elastic bands, up to 5 if needed. When this part is completed you will have to do a Final this part is completed you will have to do a Final Drawing of your roll cage and complete the Drawing of your roll cage and complete the evaluation worksheet.evaluation worksheet.

ChallengeChallengeAt this point you will have a roll cage and a At this point you will have a roll cage and a bumper on your vehicle. It is time to test bumper on your vehicle. It is time to test your vehicles designs against the rest of the your vehicles designs against the rest of the class and this is class and this is part 5.part 5. You are responsible You are responsible for that egg at all times. The egg is for that egg at all times. The egg is considered broken if there is fluid from the considered broken if there is fluid from the inside of the egg on the outside of the shell inside of the egg on the outside of the shell or your project. If there is a crack in the egg or your project. If there is a crack in the egg but no fluid then you are still in. When but no fluid then you are still in. When ready we put the egg in the crate holder ready we put the egg in the crate holder again securing it with up to 5 elastic bands again securing it with up to 5 elastic bands and send it down the ramp and into a and send it down the ramp and into a classmates project that is coming down the classmates project that is coming down the other ramp. You must however be able to other ramp. You must however be able to take your egg out and put it back in every take your egg out and put it back in every time you test your vehicle.time you test your vehicle.

ChallengeChallengeIf you break your egg putting it in or taking If you break your egg putting it in or taking it out of your vehicle it is counted as a it out of your vehicle it is counted as a broken egg and you are done in the broken egg and you are done in the competition, even if you won your match. competition, even if you won your match. This part of the project is going to focus only This part of the project is going to focus only on the structural support of your vehicle. on the structural support of your vehicle. Your project also cannot weigh more than 1 Your project also cannot weigh more than 1 pound with the egg in it. Remember to drill pound with the egg in it. Remember to drill your axle holes first to ensure straight holes your axle holes first to ensure straight holes and evenly balance your car to ensure a and evenly balance your car to ensure a straight run.straight run. There are no partners on this There are no partners on this project; each student must make their own project; each student must make their own vehicle.vehicle.

ChallengeChallenge Your grade for Your grade for part 6part 6 is the vehicles is the vehicles when done cannot be smaller than when done cannot be smaller than 12” long x 4 ½” wide x 8” tall or 12” long x 4 ½” wide x 8” tall or larger than 12” long x 4 ½” wide x larger than 12” long x 4 ½” wide x 10” tall. You will be automatically 10” tall. You will be automatically disqualified and receive a zero if it is disqualified and receive a zero if it is smaller or larger in any or all of smaller or larger in any or all of these dimensions.these dimensions. Be creative on this Be creative on this project and a nice design and project and a nice design and creative effort will only increase your creative effort will only increase your grade. You must do all work grade. You must do all work in classin class unless I give you permission to take unless I give you permission to take it home. Good luckit home. Good luck

ProceduresProcedures• Select the your favorite vehicle that Select the your favorite vehicle that

isn’t too challenging to makeisn’t too challenging to make• Research it on the computer finding Research it on the computer finding

picturespictures• Print off 2 copies of each: front view, Print off 2 copies of each: front view,

side view, rear view, top viewside view, rear view, top view• Cut your pine wood, wood glue it Cut your pine wood, wood glue it

togethertogether• Construct your vehicleConstruct your vehicle• Practice your vehicle as often as Practice your vehicle as often as

possible making any changes neededpossible making any changes needed

EvaluationEvaluation• Sketches and Initial Drawings are a Sketches and Initial Drawings are a

separate grade worth 100 pointsseparate grade worth 100 points• There is a final drawing and an There is a final drawing and an

reflective worksheet that counts as reflective worksheet that counts as a separate grade of 100 pointsa separate grade of 100 points

• See Attached RubricSee Attached Rubric• Remember that there is no fooling Remember that there is no fooling

around in the labaround in the lab• Always wear your safety glasses or Always wear your safety glasses or

you will be removed from classyou will be removed from class

EvaluationEvaluation• Project stayed within the required Project stayed within the required

dimensionsdimensions

• Project survived seat belt phaseProject survived seat belt phase

• Project survived the bumper phaseProject survived the bumper phase

• Project survived the roll cage phaseProject survived the roll cage phase

• Project survived more than 2 rounds Project survived more than 2 rounds against classmatesagainst classmates

• Project looks like initial drawings Project looks like initial drawings with minimal changeswith minimal changes

• Student shows above average effort Student shows above average effort

• Student shows above average Student shows above average safety skillssafety skills

100 Points

EvaluationEvaluation• Project stayed within the required Project stayed within the required

dimensionsdimensions

• Project survived 2 out of 3 tests (roll Project survived 2 out of 3 tests (roll cage, bumper, or seat belt)cage, bumper, or seat belt)

• Project made it more than 2 rounds Project made it more than 2 rounds against classmatesagainst classmates

• Project looks like initial drawing with Project looks like initial drawing with moderate changes (noticeable)moderate changes (noticeable)

• Student shows average effort Student shows average effort

• Student shows average safety skillsStudent shows average safety skills

75 points

EvaluationEvaluation• Project stayed within the required Project stayed within the required

dimensionsdimensions

• Project survived 1 out of 3 tests Project survived 1 out of 3 tests (roll cage, bumper, seat belt)(roll cage, bumper, seat belt)

• Project made it at least 1 round Project made it at least 1 round against classmatesagainst classmates

• Project doesn’t look like initial Project doesn’t look like initial drawings with very noticeable drawings with very noticeable changeschanges

• Student shows little effortStudent shows little effort

• Student not allowed in class if not Student not allowed in class if not demonstrating proper safety skills demonstrating proper safety skills

50 points