Boardworkd Modal Verbs
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Transcript of Boardworkd Modal Verbs
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VerbsModal Verbs
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Inhalt
Modal Verbs
What are modal verbs?
The key modal verbs in the present tenseModals and infinitives
Mgen in the imperfect subjunctive
Knnen in the imperfect subjunctiveModals in other tenses
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What are modal verbs?
Modal verbs are important building blocks in many
languages, and this is particularly true in German. They areused with other verbs to expresspossibilityornecessity,
and to give a meaning to a sentence that is not just factual.
Here are some English examples:
Matthias gets up at 8am.
Matthias must get up at 8am.
Matthias ought to get up at 8am.
Matthias can get up at 8am.
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Zum Beispiel:
Ich muss frh ins Bett gehen.Du darfst nicht in die Disco gehen.
Sie will ein neues Handy kaufen.
Ich soll weniger Fett essen.
German modal verbs
In German there are six main modal verbs:
wollen to want
drfen to be allowed
mssen must / to have to
mgen to like
sollen ought / to be supposed toknnen can / to be able
They are auxiliaryverbs, which means
they work with another
verb. Modal verbs go
with another verb in theinfinitive (the form of
the verb that endsen).
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Which verbs are modal?
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ich will
du willst
er / sie / es will
wir wollen
ihr wolltsie wollen
Sie wollen
Wollen
Wollenmeansto want.
Ich will Lehrerinwerden.
Erwill viel Geld
verdienen.
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Wollen
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ich darf
du darfster / sie / es darf
wir drfen
ihr drft
sie drfen
Sie drfen
Drfen
Drfen meansto be allowed.
Ich darfkein Bier trinken.
Im not allowed to drink beer.Wirdrfen morgen ins Kino gehen.
Were allowed to go to the cinema tomorrow.
Sie darfnicht ins Kino gehen.
Shes not allowed to go to the cinema.
This could also be translated as she
cant go to the cinema orshe mustnt
go to the cinema, so be careful!
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ich muss
du musster / sie / esmuss
wir mssen
ihr msst
sie mssen
Sie mssen
Mssen
Mssenmeans must / to have to.
Ich muss jetzt zur Schule fahren.
I have to go to school now.
Ermuss seine Hausaufgaben machen.He has to do his homework.
I dont have to ich muss nicht
I must not ich darf nicht
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Mssen or drfen?
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Mssen
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Mgen
Mgen means to like.
You often come across mgenis in its subjunctive form, e.g.
ich mchteI would like.
ich mag
du magst
er / sie / esmag
wir mgen
ihr mgtsie mgen
Sie mgen
Ich mag Fuball spielen.Magst du Sport?
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Ich mchte
Ich mchte is a common German phrase that means I would
like. It is the imperfect subjunctive form of the verb mgen.
ich mchte
du mchtest
er / sie / esmchtewir mchten
ihr mchtet
sie mchten
Sie mchten
Ich mchte ein Kilo Tomaten.
I would like a kilo of tomatoes.
Ermchte Auto fahren.
He would like to drive.
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Ich mchte
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ich sollte
du solltest
er sollte
wir solltenihr solltet
sie sollten
Sie sollten
Sollen
Sollen in the present tense meansto be supposed to or
shall. In the past tense it means ought to / should.
ich soll
du sollst
er soll
wir sollenihr sollt
sie sollen
Sie sollen
Im supposed to
youre supposed to
hes supposed to
were supposed toyoure supposed to
theyre supposed to
youre supposed to
I should
you should
he should
we shouldyou should
they should
you should
Although these are in the imperfect (past) tense,
they can be used with a present meaning to
convey something with a sense ofobligation, just
as we use should (past tense ofshall) in English.
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Sollen
Soll ich mein Zimmer aufrumen?
Shall I tidy my room?
Wirsollten Oma besuchen.
We ought to / should visit Grandma.
What do the following sentences mean?
Du sollst um acht Uhr mit Alex ausgehen.Youre supposed to go out with Alex at 8 oclock.
Wirsollen Oma am Sonntag besuchen.
Were supposed to visit Grandma on Sunday.
Ersollte ein Handy kaufen.
He ought to / should buy a mobile phone.
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Knnen
Ich kann Deutsch sprechen.
I can speak German.
Erkann Ski fahren.
He knows how to ski.
Knnen means can orto be able.
I can go to the concert. (Mum says Im allowed.)
Ich darfins Konzert gehen.
I can go to the concert. (Im able to get there.)
Ich kann ins Konzert gehen.
ich kann
du kannst
er / sie / eskann
wir knnen
ihr knntsie knnen
Sie knnen
You cant always translateI canasich kann.
In German there is a distinction between
what you are able to do (knnen) and what
you are allowed to do (drfen).
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Ich konnte
As with mgen and mchte, youll
probably see the imperfectsubjunctive form knnte more often
than the imperfect form konnte. It is
important not to get them confused.
Ich konnte(nicht) means you were
(not) able to do something in the past.
Ich konnte meine Emails nicht herunterladen.
I couldnt / wasnt able to download my emails.
Ich konnte nicht in die Stadt gehen, weil es zu spt war.
I couldnt go into town because it was too late.
ich konntedu konntest
er / sie / eskonnte
wir konnten
ihr konntet
sie konnten
Sie konnten
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ich konntedu konntest
er / sie / eskonnte
wir konnten
ihr konntet
sie konnten
Sie konnten
Ich knnte
As with mgen and mchte, youll
probably see the imperfectsubjunctive form knnte more often
than the imperfect form konnte. It is
important not to get them confused.
Ich konnte(nicht) means you were
(not) able to do something in the past.
Ich konnte meine Emails nicht herunterladen.
I couldnt / wasnt able to download my emails.
Ich konnte nicht in die Stadt gehen, weil es zu spt war.
I couldnt go into town because it was too late.
Ich knnte heute in die Stadt gehen,wenn es nicht regnete.
I could go to town today, ifit doesnt rain.
Ich knnte(nicht) means you might
(not) be able to do something under
a certain set of circumstances.
ich knntedu knntest
er / sie / es knnte
wir knnten
ihr knntet
sie knnten
Sie knnten
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Konnte or knnte?
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Modals mix
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Modals in other tenses
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Modal verb quiz