BNP Mediais a Registeredmcgrawimages.buildingmedia.com/CE/CE_images/2019/...Level 4 .30 Caliber...
Transcript of BNP Mediais a Registeredmcgrawimages.buildingmedia.com/CE/CE_images/2019/...Level 4 .30 Caliber...
BNP Media is a Registered
Provider with The American
Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems.
Credit(s) earned on
completion of this course will
be reported to AIA CES for AIA
members. Certificates of
Completion for both AIA
members and non-AIA
members are available upon
request.
This course is registered with
AIA CES for continuing
professional education. As
such, it does not include
content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval
or endorsement by the AIA of
any material of construction or
any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or
product.
_____________________________________
Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed at
the conclusion of this presentation.
• Explain the process used to create laminated glass
• List three features of laminated glass• Discuss the various security glazing
standards• Describe the benefits of hurricane glass
in residential applications
Learning Objectives
Glass
Interlayer
Glass
In the 2019 edition of the Laminated Glazing Reference Manual, laminated glass is described as “flat laminated architectural glass, comprised of two or more plies of glass and one or more plies of interlayer.”
What is Laminated Glass?
• Plasticized Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) Sheet
o Sheet that bonds glass to glass laminates
o Formulations for different applications
• Safety glazing
• Acoustic damping
• Blast
• Ballistics
• Decorative applications
• Energy control
• Hurricane resistance
Sheet Interlayers
• Aliphatic Polyurethane
o Bonds glass-clad and non-coated
polycarbonate or acrylic units
o Security, detention, ballistics applications
• Ionomer
o Rigid sheet that bonds glass to glass laminates
o Blast, hurricane, security, and structural glass
applications
Sheet Interlayers
• Nip roll / Autoclave
o Specialized rollers and ovens squeeze air out
from the laminate and seal edges
o High temperature and pressure complete
laminating process to form the integral unit.
• Vacuum bagging / vacuum ring
o Air is pulled out by vacuum
Interlayer Sheet Processing
Billco Manufacturing, Inc. and Maschinenbau Scholz
Glass washerLay upNip rollsOvensUnloading area
Typical Laminating Line
How Laminated Glass Is Made with PVB
• Liquid formulations that react to form solid
interlayers
• UV Cure
• Thermal Cure
• Properties can be tailored for specific end
uses, including
o Safety
o Hurricane resistance
o Acoustical performance
o Decorative
Resin Interlayers
• Liquid formulations poured or pumped a void
between two plies of glass or plastic
• Glass/plastic held together with double sided tape
• Interlayer is cured by exposure to low intensity UV
light or via chemical reaction
Resin Laminating Process
Typical Resin Equipment
• Safety
• Security
• Hurricane Protection
• Solar Management
• Sound Transmission Reduction
• Durability and Optics
• Decoration
Features of Laminated Glass
• Swinging doors, fixed and sliding panels of siding door
assemblies, storm doors, unframed swinging doors
• Doors and enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam
rooms, bathtubs and showers
• Glazing in guards and railings, including structural baluster
panels and nonstructural in-fil panels
• Glazing in walls and fences enclosing indoor and outdoor
swimming pools, hot tubs and spas
• Glazing adjacent to stairways, landings, ramps within 36
inches of a walking surface
• Glazing adjacent to stairways within 60 inches of the bottom
tread of a stairway
Hazardous Locations
Annealed/heat strengthened Tempered
How Laminated Glass Breaks
Laminated
• US Consumer Product Safety Commission 16 CFR
1201
o Promulgated in 1977
o Primarily applies to doors
• ANSI Z97.1 - “Safety Performance and Methods for
Safety Glazing Material Used in Buildings”
o Purpose is to prescribe the safety performance
characteristics of glazing materials
Safety
• Impact
o Impactor (swing bag) filled with 100 lbs of lead
shot
o Class A-drop height of 48 inches
o Class B-drop height of 18 inches
• Thermal
o 2 hours
• Weathering
o One year outdoor exposure in South Florida
o Enclosed twin carbon-arc exposure
o Xenon-arc type operating light exposure
Requirements for Laminated Glass
• ANSI Z97.1 states “no tear or shear or opening shall develop through which a three inch diameter sphere can pass freely…”
Interpretation of Impact Results
• Building codes have approved the use of
laminated glass in sloped glazing and skylights
• Laminated glass eliminates the need for screens
Yorkdale Mall
Sloped Glazing and Skylights
Mall of America
• Types of security
o Forced entry
• Smash & grab protection
• UL 972 standard
• ASTM F1233 and F1915
o Ballistic resistance (also referred to as bullet or burglary
resistance)
• Handguns, rifles, semi-automatic weapons
• UL 752
o Blast mitigation
• ASTM F1642 Test Method
Security Glazing Standards
• 2 lites of annealed glass
• Minimum of 60-mil interlayer
• UL 972 standard
o Multiple impact test/5 50 ft.lb. impacts
o Thermal conditioning test/120 °F. for 24 hrs.
o High energy impact test/one 200 ft.lb. impact
Forced Entry Glass
ASTM F1233 Forced Entry Standard
Security Grade
Total Time Blunt Impactor
Sharp Impactor
Blunt Impactor
Total Number of Impacts
1 90 min 150 300 150 600
2 60 min 100 200 100 400
3 30 min 50 100 50 200
4 15 min 25 50 25 100
ASTM F1915 Impact Test Criteria
• Provides an improved safety barrier against
bullets and related flying fragments
• Multi-ply laminates
• Typical applications
o Banks, currency exchanges
o Police stations, prisons
o Embassies, military installations
Ballistic Resistant Glass
Mecklenburg County Intake & Detention CenterSt Louis County Justice Center
Ballistic Resistant Glass
Rating Ammunition Grain Velocity (fps)
Level 1 9mm Full Metal Copper Jacket
with Lead Core
124 1175-1293
Level 2 .357 Magnum Jacketed Lead
Soft Point
158 1250 to 1375
Level 3 .44 Magnum Lead-semi-
Wadcutter Gas Checked
240 1350 to 1485
Level 4 .30 Caliber Rifle Lead Core
Soft Point
180 2450 to 2794
Level 5 7.62 Rifle Lead Core full Metal
Copper Jacket, Military Ball
150 2750 to 3025
Level 6 9mm Full Metal Copper Jacket
with Lead Core
124 1400 to 1540
Level 7 5.56mm Rifle Full Metal
Copper Jacket, Military Ball
55 3080 to 3388
Level 8 7.62mm Rifle Lead Core Full
Metal Copper Jacket, Military
Ball
150 2750 to 3025
Supp. Shotgun 12-Gauge Rifled Lead Slug/12-
gauge 00 Lead Buckshot
437/650 1585 to 1744/1200 to 1320
UL 752 Requirements
• Reduces injury from flying glass resulting from
direct blast shock waves
• Helps to maintain the integrity of the building
envelope following an explosion
• Reduces interior damage
Blast Resistant Laminated Glass
ISC Security Design Criteria
< 3ft
< 10 ft
< 2 ft
1, 2
3a 3b4
5
ISC Security Design Criteria
• Pentagon windows
following plane impact on
9/11
• Wedge 1 renovation
called for blast resistant
windows and a steel-
reinforcing system
• Most of the walls and
windows of Wedge 1
remained intact
Secure Windows Save Lives
• Must consider the entire framing and anchoring
system
• Cyclic requirements are the most demanding part
of the test
• May require a structural adhesive
• Edge bite and rigidity are important, especially in
larger glass areas
Hurricane Resistant Glass Design
• ASTM Test Method E1886 and Specification ASTM
E1996
• Referenced in the codes for wind zones greater than
110 miles per hour
• Impact test requirements
o Large Missile Test
• Applies to the first three floors (30 feet)
• 9 lb. 2X4 fired at 50 ft/sec
• 9000 Cycles
o Small Missile Test
• Applies to above 30 feet
• 2-gram ball @ 130 ft/sec
Hurricane Resistant Glass
• Commercial Applications• Protects people from storm-related injury
• Protects valuables inside the building from wind and rain
damage
• Residential Applications• Eliminates board up
• Protects home from water and
wind damage
• Minimizes potential
“mold” problems
• Many products on the market
Hurricane Resistant Glass
• Laminated glass interlayers can help to dissipate
unwanted noise
• Insulating glass units can incorporate laminated
glass for even more sound reduction
Acoustic / Sound Control
Boston Logan Airport Hilton
• Reduction of solar energy and
glare through use of tinted
interlayers
• Reduction of fading by
absorbing UV
• Protection for metallic coatings
• Combine with low-e coating to
lower shading coefficient
• Incorporate into IGUs to reduce
heat loss
Solar Management
Coffrin University of Wisconsin
• Excellent Durability
• Long Term Resistance to Weathering and Yellowing
• Color Stability
• Good Optics
Durability and Weathering
• Variety of special colors
• Embedded elements
• Digital printing on film/interlayer
• Patterned glasses
Decorative
• Prevents injury from accidental impact
• When broken, is retained in the frame
• Protects against various levels of man made
attacks like bomb blasts
• Protects against various levels of natural disasters
like hurricanes
• Can reduce fading, glare and solar heat gain
• Reduces noise
• Has excellent durability and optics
Conclusions
• Explain the process used to create laminated glass
• List three features of laminated glass• Discuss the various security glazing
standards• Describe the benefits of hurricane glass
in residential applications
Learning Objectives
• Visit the NGA technical resource library at
glasswebsite.com/publications.
• Specific Reference Materials:
o Laminated Glazing Reference Manual
o Glass Information Bulletins
More Information
This concludes The American Institute of ArchitectsContinuing Education Systems Course
The Many Benefits of Laminated Glass in Architectural Design
1945 Old Gallows Rd Ste 750Vienna, VA 22182
703.442.4890
www.glass.org