Bn nutrients
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Transcript of Bn nutrients
BASIC NUTRITION
Nutrition:
The study of how food nourishes
the body.
Factors That Affect a Person’s Longterm Health
• Genetics
• Lifestyle– Exercise– Smoking and other tobacco use – Excessive alcohol consumption
• Choice of diet
Nutrients
Components of food that are indispensable to the functioning of the body.
Essential Nutrients: Nutrients that cannot be made by the body so a deficiency in the diet leads to disease.
There Are 6 Categories Nutrients
• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids (fat)
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
(> 50 grams/day)
(< 1 gram/day)
Basic Functions of Nutrients
• 1) Provide building materials for body structures.
• 2) Provide energy.
• 3) Regulate body processes.
1 2 3
Water Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals
Building Materials
Water 60%
Lipids 10-20%
Proteins 15%
Carbohydrates 10-15%
Minerals 5%
1 2 3
Water Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals
XXXX
X
Building Materials
1 2 3
Water Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals
X X X X X
XXX
Supply Energy
Energy Units
calorie: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 ml of water 1 degree C (from 15 to 16 degrees).
Kilocalorie (Kcal): 1000 calories
In nutritional literature Calories (with a capital C) means Kilocalories
Kilocalories Per Gram
Carbohydrates 4 Kcal/gram
Proteins 4 Kcal/gram
Lipids 9 Kcal/gram
Alcohol 7 Kcal/gram
Calculating the Percent of Kcal from Each Nutrient in Foods
Fat 13 grams
Carbohydrate 31 grams
Protein 5 grams
13 grams X 9 Kcal/gm = 117 Kcal
31 grams X 4 Kcal/gm = 124 Kcal
5 grams X 4 Kcal/gm = 20 Kcal
/ 261 = 0.448 (44.8%)
261 Kcal Total
/ 261 = 0.475 (47.5%)
/ 261 = 0.077 (7.7%)
1 2 3
Water Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals
X X X X X
XXX X
XX
X
Regulation
Elemental DietsFormulas containing precise chemical composition.
Applications?
Cannot maintain health for a prolonged period of time.
Why not?
Food interacts with the GI tract.
Food provides physical and emotional benefits.
Food provides phytochemicals.
For patients who cannot eat
Problem?
AstronautsWeight loss formulas (Slim Fast)
Types of Scientific Studies
Case Study: Observations on a single patient.
Does not prove anything, but suggests possible avenues of research.
A case study:
Types of Scientific Studies
Case Study: Observations on a single patient.
Epidemiological Study:
Compare separate population groups with respect to nutrient intake and incidence of disease.
Does not prove a cause and effect relationship.
Does provide correlations for further study
An epidemiological study:
Types of Scientific Studies
Case Study: Observations on a single patient.
Epidemiological Study:
Compare separate population groups with respect to nutrient intake and incidence of disease.
Intervention Study:
Give one population group extra nutrient while a control group gets a placebo.
Then compare the incidence of disease between the experimental and control groups.
Study group given more X
Control group given a placebo
When repeated and confirmed may strongly suggest a cause and effect relationship
Blind Studies
Intervention Studies:
Subjects do not know whether they are getting the nutrient or placebo.
Types of Scientific Studies
Laboratory Study:
Induce a deficiency of a nutrient in an experimental group of animals.
Then compare the incidence of disease between the experimental group and a control group.
Read in Chapter 1
Cultural and Social Meanings Attached to Food
(pages 11-14)
Nutrition Goals for the Nation (pages 14-15)
The Challenge of Choosing Foods (pages 15-16)
Five Characteristics of a Nutritious Diet
• Variety
• Balance
• Adequacy
• Calorie Control
• Moderation
How well do Americans do?
Nutrient Density
The nutrient content relative to the calories supplied.
Nutrient Density
The nutrient content relative to the calories supplied.
What type of foods have the highest nutrient density?
Non starchy vegetables
Other Good Ones: Low fat dairy productsLow fat meats
Reading Assignment
Controversy 1: Who speaks on nutrition?
(pages 22-26)