Bm 12 leadership (ii)
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Transcript of Bm 12 leadership (ii)
LEADERSHIP (II)
Prof.dr.dr.dr.h.c. Constantin Bratianu
Faculty of Business Administration
Academy of Economic Studies
Learning objectives
To understand the similarities and differences between management and leadership
To understand the multiple meanings of leadership
To distinguish between different types of leaders
To search further for leader qualities
Management & Leadership(Similarities)
Management and Leadership entail working with people
Management and Leadership create organizational and functional structures
Management and Leadership involve influence
Management and Leadership are concerned with goal accomplishment
Management and Leadership are concerned with resource allocation
Management & Leadership(Differences)
Management produces order and consistency, reducing the organizational entropy
Management is concerned with attaining a stationary and inertial organizational equilibrium
Leadership produces change and movement, increasing the organizational entropy
Leadership is concerned with attaining a dynamic organizational equilibrium
Management & Leadership(Differences)
Management
Planning and budgeting
Thinking for present
Establish agendas
Set timetables
Allocate resources
Leadership
Establishing direction
Thinking for future
Create a vision
Clarify big picture
Set strategies
Management & Leadership(Differences)
Management
Organizing
Provide structure
Make job placements
Establish rules and procedures
Leadership
Aligning People
Communicate goals
Seek commitment
Build teams and coalitions
Management & Leadership(Differences)
Management
Problem solving and Controlling
Develop incentives
Generate solutions
Controlling and taking corrective actions
Leadership
Motivating and Inspiring
Inspire and energize
Empower subordinates
Satisfy employees needs
Transactional Leaders& Transformational Leaders
Transactional leaders
Leaders who guide or motivate their followers toward established goals by clarifying role and task requirements. They promote mostly incremental or evolutionary change.
Transformational leaders
Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interest for the good of the organization and are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers. They promote radical or revolutionary change.
Transformational Leadership
Transformational leadership is built on transactional leadership.
Transformational leadership produces levels of employee effort and performance that go beyond what would occur with a transactional approach alone.
The evidence is supporting the superiority oftransformational leadership over the transactional leadership.
Charismatic & Visionary Leadership
Charismatic leadership – Leaders able to influence their followers with their charisma
Followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors
Visionary leadership – The ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive vision of the future
Followers share the vision of the leader
Transformational Leader
Mohandas Karamchad Gandhi (1869-1948)
“Mahatma” – Great Soul
“Satyagraha” Non-violent
Civil disobedience
Gandhi led India to independence
(1915-1947)
Transformational Leader
Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
CEO IBM (1993-2002)
He transformed the old IBM almost on the edge of collapse into a new successful IBM due to his visionary leadership
Transformational Leader
Bill Gates
Founder with Paul Allen of Microsoft in summer 1975 to develop software for IBM PC
Transformational Leader
Steve Jobs
Founder with Steve Wozniak of Apple Computer
His transformational leadership developed when he returned as CEO to Apple (1997)
Transformational leadership factors
Factor 1 – Idealized influence. Charisma
Factor 2 – Inspirational motivation
Factor 3 – Intellectual stimulation
Factor 4 – Individualized consideration
Factor 1Idealized influence. Charisma
Leaders act as strong role models. Followers identify with these leaders and want very much to emulate them.
These leaders usually have very high standards of moral and ethical conduct
They are deeply respected by followers, who usually place a great deal of trust in them
They provide followers with a vision and a sense of mission
Factor 2Inspirational motivation
These leaders communicate high expectations to followers, inspiring them through motivation to share the vision of organization
In practice, these leaders use symbols and emotional knowledge to focus group members’ effort to achieve more than they would in their own self-interest
Team spirit is enhanced by this type of leadership
Factor 3Intellectual stimulation
Leaders stimulate followers to be creative and innovative
Leaders stimulate followers to challenge their own beliefs and values as well as those of the leader and the organization
Leaders supports followers who try new approaches and develop innovative ways of dealing with organizational issues
Factor 4Individualized consideration
Leaders provide a supportive climate in which they listen carefully to the individual needs of followers
Leaders act as coaches and advisers while trying to assist followers
Leaders may use delegation to help followers grow through personal challenges
Transformational leadershipIdealized influence
Inspirational motivationIntellectual stimulation
Individualized consideration
Transactional leadership
Expected outcomes
Performance beyond expectations
Transformational leadership impact