Blunt Abdominal Trauma Jen Nicol PGY-2 Dr. Rob Lafreniere August 5 th, 2010.
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Transcript of Blunt Abdominal Trauma Jen Nicol PGY-2 Dr. Rob Lafreniere August 5 th, 2010.
Objectives
• Physical Exam in BAT• 3 important diagnostic modalities• Management goals in BAT• Hematuria in BAT• Common pitfalls
• Mesentery injury• Bowel perforation,
contusion• Rib & spine fractures• Diaphragm injury (rare)
Big Badness!
Established need for laparotomy
Prior abdominal surgeryInfection
ObesityCoagulopathy
2/3rd trimester pregnancy
Positive DPL In BAT:>10 mL aspirated blood
>100,000 RBC on lavage
Lavage output thorugh foley or chest tube
20,000-100,000 RBC indeterminite in BAT
Management Goals:
Stabilize the patient
Determine presence of intraperitoneal hemorrhage
Demonstrate organ injury requiring operative intervention
Don’t miss injuries!
Clinical Indications for laparotomy in BAT
Unstable VS, strongly suggestive abdominal injures
Unequivocal peritoneal irritation
Evidence of diaphragmatic injury
Significant GI bleeding
BAT
Hemodynamically Unstable?
Laparotomy
Yes
Clinical Indication for laparotomyYes
IPH?
+ve FAST / D
PL
IP injury?Source of bleeding?
CT scan, FAST, DPL Observe
No
BAT
Hemodynamically Unstable?
Clinical Indication for laparotomy
IPH?IP injury?
Reliable exam
No
Abdominal tenderness
Other serious injuries
No
Case 1
50 yo M rolled his dump truck while intoxicated
Prolonged extrication – 2 hrs+
Intubated for low GCS, STARS to FMC
78/48; 125; SaO2 96% 100%FiO2; temp 36.4;
FAST indeterminite
VBG pH 7.26, hbg90, lactate 3.5
↑ PTT/INR, low plts
No intra-abdominal hemorrhage, no hemothorax
Massive bleeding, exanguinating hematoma posterior torso.
35 yo roofer falls of a 12 ft roof at work.
2min LOC, confused and disoriented, GCS 13 (E3V4M6).
Case 2
Embolization by interventional radiology
Stabilises, no further transfusions
Unit 71, discharged a few days later
Case 3
4 yo F jumped out 2 story window
No VS abnormalities
Obviously deformed right femur
No abdominal tenderness
More awake, less pain post femoral nerve block
Mild generalised abdominal pain
++++ RBC on urine cath dip
What to do now??
Gross Hematuria
Microspcopic hematuria and shock (SBP<90)
Significant deceleration injury
Suspected intra-abdominal injuries
(J urol 1995;154:352)
HR 123; BP 99/50; RR 20; SaO2 99 5L; temp 37
Grossly deformed pelvis
FAST negative x2 operators
3L NS 2U PRC’s - BP 90/48
Pelvic Fracture
Hemodynamically Stable?
FAST / DPL Positive?
Laparotomy
No
Angiography&
Pelvic fixation
Observation
Yes
No
IPH?
FAST, CT, DPL
Yes
17 yo M, aspiring Ducati racer
Flipped numerous times with bike before coming to stop
Wearing helmet, no leathers
Case 5
HR 119; BP 135/80; RR16; SaO2 99% 2L
Abdomen is +++tender – road rash over abdomen, torso, extremities
FAST negative
FAST negative
We decide to scan his abdo/pelvis
•Free fluid on 3 slices•no identifiable intra-abdominal organ damage
Case 6
32 yo F assaulted with baseball bat by boyfriend
Intoxicated, Rt eye swollen shut
HR110; BP100/50; RR26; SaO2 96%RA, temp 37.4
Very tender LUQ – “he got a few good shots there”
CT scan normal, no free fluid, nil acute
Reassess frequently, more sober, still tender.
Observed until end of shift, tenderness dissipated, vital signs stable.
Negative CT scan
Discharge
Admit for observation
(J trauma 1998;44:273)
(Academic Emerg Med 2010;15:89