Bluetooth by vk

By Vishal Kanhaiya 1

Bluetooth: Marvelous Technology

By: Vishal Kanhaiya


INTRODUCTION Wireless technology

Created by Ericsson in 1994, Bluetooth wireless technology was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to

RS-232 data cables Exchanges data over short distances(using short-wavelength

UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz)from fixed and mobile devices, and the building personal area networks(PANs).


NAME The word “Bluetooth” is derived from the surname of King

Harald Bluetooth – a 10th century Danish monarch who famously united Denmark and Norway into one kingdom.

The idea of this name was proposed in 1997 by Jim Kardach who developed a system that would allow mobile phones to communicate with computers.


LOGO The Bluetooth logo is influenced by the

Nordic runes similar to the modern Latin “H” (Haglazl) and “B” (Berkanan). The combination of these two letters embodies the connection that Bluetooth establishes between two electronic devices

The Bluetooth logo consists of two interconnected letters drawn in white, and placed on a blue background. The name of the technology, on the other hand, is written in black color. The choice of these three colors typifies the hassle free union, strength and reliability the consumers experience while using the Bluetooth technology.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bluetooth.svg


History of Bluetooth

In 1994 a group of engineers at Ericsson, a Swedish company, invented a wireless communication technology, later called Bluetooth.

In 1998, the original group of Promoter companies—Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba and IBM—came together to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG).


Fact King Harald's actual name was King Harald Batand. It

is said he was given the nickname "Bluetooth" because of his love of eating teeth-staining blueberries.

In 1994 a group of engineers at Ericsson, a Swedish company, invented a wireless communication technology, later called Bluetooth. In 1998, the original group of Promoter companies—Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba and IBM—came together to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). Since no single company owns the technology, the SIG member companies work together to preserve, educate, and further Bluetooth technology as a means to bring devices into the connected world.


VersionsBluetooth v1.1

Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1–2002

Many errors found in the 1.0B specifications were fixed.

Added possibility of non-encrypted channels.

Received Signal Strength Indicator Bluetooth v1.2 Major enhancements include the following: Faster Connection and Discovery Adaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum (AFH), which improves

resistance to radio frequency interference by avoiding the use of crowded frequencies in the hopping sequence.

Higher transmission speeds in practice, up to 721 kbit/s, than in v1.1. Extended Synchronous Connections (eSCO), which improve voice

quality of audio links by allowing retransmissions of corrupted packets, and may optionally increase audio latency to provide better concurrent data transfer.

Host Controller Interface (HCI) operation with three-wire UART. Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1–2005 Introduced Flow Control and Retransmission Modes for L2CAP.


Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR was adopted by the

Bluetooth SIG on 26 July 2007. The headline feature of 2.1 is secure simple pairing (SSP): this improves

the pairing experience for Bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and strength of security. See the section on Pairing below for more details.

2.1 allows various other improvements, including "Extended inquiry response" (EIR), which provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before connection; and sniff sub rating, which reduces the power consumption in low-power mode.

Bluetooth Smart (v4.0 & 4.1) Cost-reduced single-mode chips, which enable highly integrated and

compact devices, feature a lightweight Link Layer providing ultra-low power idle mode operation, simple device discovery, and reliable point-to-multipoint data transfer with advanced power-save and secure encrypted connections at the lowest possible cost.

General improvements in version 4.0 include the changes necessary to facilitate BLE modes, as well the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) and Security Manager (SM) services with AES Encryption.

Core Specification Addendum 2 was unveiled in December 2011; it contains improvements to the audio Host Controller Interface and to the High Speed (802.11) Protocol Adaptation Layer.

Core Specification Addendum 3 revision 2 has an adoption date of July 24, 2012.

Core Specification Addendum 4 has an adoption date of February 12, 2013.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard


Bluetooth v3.0+HS The v3.0 + HS enhancement to the Core Specification provides

consumers with powerful, wireless connections that are more robust and reliable than ever before. Features include:

Power Optimization - By using the high speed radio only when you need it, Bluetooth high speed reduces power consumption, which means a longer battery life for your devices.

Improved Security - The Generic Alternate MAC/PHY in Bluetooth high speed enables the radio to discover other high speed devices only when they are needed to transfer your music, pictures or other data. Not only does this optimize power, but it also aids in the security of the radios.

Enhanced Power Control - Limited drop-outs are now a reality. The enhanced power control of Bluetooth high speed makes power control faster and ensures limited drop-outs, reducing consumer experience of impacts from power. Users are now less likely to lose a headset connection—even when the phone is in a coat pocket or deep inside a purse.

Lower Latency Rates - Unicast Connectionless Data improves the customer experience of speed by lowering latency rates, sending small amounts

of data more quickly.


Bluetooth HeadsetsA headset allows you to make and receive calls on your mobile phone without the use of your hands or wires. Stereo HeadsetA stereo headset can connect to any Bluetooth-equipped music player, allowing you to hear your music within a short range of your player device. Stereo headsets also work with Bluetooth-equipped mobile phones.

In-Car Bluetooth SystemAn in-car Bluetooth system allows you to connect your Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone to your vehicle's sound system. You can make and receive calls through your vehicle's speaker system, without having to use your mobile device.

Types of Bluetooth


Bluetooth-Equipped PrinterA Bluetooth-equipped printer can receive text documents and pictures from any Bluetooth-equipped device, such as a laptop or PDA, and print the data, without the use of wires

Bluetooth-Enabled WebcamThe wireless capabilities add mobility to the device, unlike traditional webcams, which remain docked onto or near the computer.

Bluetooth GPS DeviceA GPS device with Bluetooth technology is an improvement over a traditional GPS, as it allows you to communicate with the device through voice.

Bluetooth KeyboardA Bluetooth keyboard works identical to a traditional keyboard, without the need for wires attaching the device to a computer. A Bluetooth keyboard also works with certain smart phone devices.


Benefits of Bluetooth Technology

Bluetooth is extremely easy for those who are not technologically savvy to set up and use.

Bluetooth technology is completely wireless. For instance the Bluetooth headset -- it's a small ear bud that is linked to the user's phone through a wireless connection.

Bluetooth acts as a sort of universal translator, making it possible for a cell phone to connect with a PDA to keep names and addresses updated, or for a phone that receives email to connect to a printer that is also on the Bluetooth network.

With advancements that have been made, and the popularity of the technology, Bluetooth is relatively inexpensive.

Bluetooth technology uses primarily low power signals when it broadcasts, mostly because the signal doesn't have to travel very far. It uses relatively little power and won't drain batteries very quickly.


Key Differences Between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

Bluetooth Wi-Fi

A short range of around 30 feet.

A range of 300 feet from the wireless networking node.

Bluetooth 2.0 standard

802.11n standard

No installation or configuration is required.

For a Wi-Fi enabled network, you will need to install routers and modems.

Bluetooth allows to form a PAN(Personal Area Network)

Wi-Fi is used for the formation of a wireless LAN


Bluetooth Hardware Architecture

Bluetooth Hardware consists of 3 main functional modules:

•2.4 GHz Bluetooth RF Transceiver Unit

•Link Management Unit

•Host Controller Interface


FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH•BROADCAST CHANNELS :

Adoption of Bluetooth into mobile phones and enable advertising models based

on users pulling information from the information points.

•TOPOLOGY MANAGEMENT:

Automatic configuration of piconet topologies in scatter net situations.


POTENTIAL BLUETOOTH MARKETS


It does not require a clear line of sight between the synced devices.

Requires no cables and wires .

The maximum range that it offers is 100 meters.

Requires no charges to be paid to any service provider.

The chances of other wireless networks interfering with yours are very low. This is because of the low powered wireless signals that the technology adopts, and also because of something known as frequency hopping.

The Advantages of Bluetooth


Though the transfer speeds are impressive at around 1 Mbps, certain other technologies like Infrared can offer speeds up to 4 Mbps. This is an area that can be improved on in the near future.

Even though the security is good, it is even better on Infrared as hacking is easy.

Battery usage is more.

The Disadvantages of Bluetooth


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Bluetooth by vk

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