Blue Tooth Seminar

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PRESENTED BY :

SOURAV ROY

DEBALINA GHOSH

DEEPANWITA SAR



10/27/2010 copyright 2010 debalina ghosh,sourav roy, deepanwita sar 2

What is Bluetooth? ***this slide should be

Bluetooth Features«. EDITED to purpose

History Accordingly.

Characteristics««.

Architecture

Bluetooth Circuit

Bluetooth Layers [Radio Layer,Baseband Layer,L2CAP]

Bluetooth Protocol Stack

Bluetooth operational State

Application Of Bluetooth

Security of Bluetooth

Advantage & Disadvantage of Bluetooth



WHAT IS BLUETOOTH ? Bluetooth is a short range (10-100 m) and low-cost wireless

network system to replace cables and give RF connectionbetween consumer devices.

10/27/2010 3copyright 2010 debalina ghosh,sourav roy, deepanwita sar



Bluetooth features at a glance


Supports up to 8 simultaneous links in a

piconetTopology Goes through walls, bodies, clothes, ...Flexibility

1 MSPS, 721 KbpsData rate

0.1 Watts active power Power

25 mm × 13 mm × 2 mm, several gramsSize/Weight

Long term $5 per endpointCost

10 meters or less; up to 100 meters with PARange

Intended to work worldwideUniversal

Very, link layer security, SS radioSecurity



IN THE BEGINNINGuuu

When does it appear? 1994 ± Ericsson study on a wireless technology to link mobile

phones & accessories. 5 companies (Ericssn,Nokia,IBM,Toshiba & Intel) joined to form the

Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998 named.

First specification released in July 1999.

Why this name?It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who

unified Denmark and Norway. Although it¶s popularly believed that King

Harald had a blue tooth, and various stories explain how this came about,

it¶s more likely that the Bluetooth name is the English derivative of the

original Viking word, Blâtand. The Bluetooth name was chosen for the

wireless technology because its developers and promoters hope it will

unite the mobile world, just as King Harald united his world.

.




CHARAC TERISTIC S OF BLUETOOTH

8 devices to communicate in a localnetwork called a Piconet, also known as a PersonalArea Network or PAN

Because of its low power consumption, its range islimited to 10 m.

However, range can be increased to 100 m byemploying a scatternet topology or a higher poweredantenna

Three classes of Bluetooth devices-Class 3 radios ± have a range of up to 1 meter or 3

Feet.-Class 2 radios ± most commonly found in mobiledevices ± have a range of 10 meters or 30 feetClass 1 radios ± used primarily in industrial usecases ± have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet




AR CHITE C TURE OF BLUTOOTHOne of which is called PRIMARY

the rests are called SECONDERIES.

A Piconet or Small net can have

eight Stations.

all the seconderies syncronize

thiers clocks & hopping sequences

to primary.

An aditional eight seconderies canbe in the PARKED State.

Pi conets can be

combined to form

SCATTERNET.

A secondery Station in

one Piconet can be the

Primary in another

Piconet.

A station can be a10/27/2010 7copyright 2010 debalina ghosh,sourav roy, deepanwita sar



BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BLUETOOTH CIR CUIT :




BLUETOOTH LAYERS




BLUTOOTH -RADIO LAYER

The radio layer is equivalent to the

Physical layer to the Internet Moel.

Blutooth uses a 2.4GHz ISM band

divided into 79 channels of 1 MHz

each.

Fc = 2402+n {n=0,1,2««..78}

Example :- The first Channel uses carrier

frequency 2402 MHz & the second channel

uses 2403MHz .




FRAME FORMAT OF BLUE TOOTH

A Frame in the baseband layer can be 3 types

1.One ±slot can lasts for 366s.2. three- slot can lasts for 1616s.

3. Five ± slot can lasts for 2866s.

The above fig shows the format of three frame types.

There are three kinds of access codes. Channel Access Code (CAC) is

used to identify thepiconet.

Device Access Code

(DAC) is used for specialsignaling procedures, suchas paging and response to

pagingBluetooth device has a

unique address calledBD_ADDR. It contains twoparts: company ID which isunique across the world,

and device ID which isunique within the products

of the companyThe preamble is simply a

fixed ³0101´ or ³1010´sequence depending onwhether the LSB of the

following sync word is ³0´or ³1´.

AM_ADDR: temporary address assigned to active members of

the piconet, used on all packets in both direction sent

between the master and the addressed slave. An all-zero

AM_ADDR is used to broadcast to all slaves.

TYPE: type of packet. There are 12 types of packets

for each SCO and ACL physical links, and four typesof common control packets for both.

FLOW: for flow control.

ARQN: for ACK.

SEQN: contains sequence number for packet

ordering.

HEC: header error check for header integrity.

Payload

There can be two types of payload: voice and data. SCO

packets only have voice field, while ACL packets only havedata field.

.




LOGICAL LINK CONTROL &

ADAPTATION PROTOCOL :-

U pppper Protocol

Layer

L2CAP Layer

Lower Protocal

Layer

U pppper Protocol

Layer

L2CAP Layer

Lower Protocal

Layer

Client Server

L2CA_ req L2CA_ req

L2C

A res L2CA _res

LPrequest

LPrequest

LPresponse

LP response

Protocol Requirements :-

Multiplexing-Segmentation & Reassemblyv

Quality of ServiceGroups

. L2CAP layer servesupper layer by transmittingdata over channels

A channel is setup in thefollowing procedure:1. Connection

2. Configuration3. Disconnection10/27/2010 12copyright 2010 debalina ghosh,sourav roy, deepanwita sar



BLUETOOTH PROTOCOL STACK

Baseband: The Baseband and Link

Control Layer enables the RF link

Bluetooth units in a piconet.

Link Manager Protocol (LMP): The link

manager protocol is responsible for

setting up link channels between

Bluetooth devices after performingsecurity methods

Logical Link Control and Adaptation

Protocol (L2CAP): L2CAP packets carry

payloads which are carried to the upper

layer protocols.

Service Discovery Protocol (SDP):

Using SDP, device information, services

allowed and characteristics of the

services are queriedCable Replacement Protocol

(RFCOMM): RFCOMM is a serial line

emulation protocol.

Telephony Control Protocol: The

Telephony Control - Binary (TCS Binary)

and Telephony Control ±

Adopted Protocols: Bluetooth also

supports PPP, TCP/UDP/IP, OBEX and

WAP .10/27/2010 13copyright 2010 debalina ghosh,sourav roy, deepanwita sar




BLUETOOTH OPERATIONAL

STATE Stand by : Initial state. Inquiry / Sniff :- Master

sends an inquiry packet.Slavesscan for enquiries& respondswith their clk after a random

delay.Page :Master in page state

invite devices to join thepiconet.Page messages aresent in 3 consecutive slots.

Master inform its slave aboutits clock & address to join in

that piconet.Connected : A short 3 bit

logical address is assigned. Transmit.

THREE INACTIVE STATES :

HOLD : No ACL. SCO continues

Node can do something else:

scan,page,inquire.

Sniff : Low power mode. Slaves listen

only after fixed intervals.

Park :- Very low power mode.Gives

up its 3 bit active member address &

gets an 8- bit parked member address.

Packets for parked station are

broadcast to 3 bit zero address.




Low energyconsumption

wireless.

Accessiblefrom

everywhere.

Sharevoice &

data

automatic

inexpensive

Advantages of bluetooth:-



APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS

Created By: Sourav Roy, Debalina Ghosh & Dipanwita Sar( M.Tech-VLSI -Techno India)copyright 2010 debalina ghosh,sourav roy, deepanwita sar

16



BBluetooth Devicesluetooth Devices

Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything

from:

Telephones

Headsets

Computers

Cameras

PDAs

Cars

Etc «

Created By: Sourav Roy, Debalina Ghosh & Deepanwita Sar( M.Tech-VLSI -Techno India)

17



APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS

The wireless communication between the input and outputdevices of the personal computers like the mouse, keyboard andprinter is an example of Bluetooth.

The communication between a mobile and a hands-free headset is

another popular example of wireless Bluetooth. Use of Bluetooth is to transfer files between devices with OBEX.

Use of Bluetooth to transfer contact details, reminders,appointments dates between devices with OBEX.

Bluetooth enabled advertising hoardings can receive and display the

smaller advertisements by using technology. Removal of traditional wires in test equipments, bar code scanners,

traffic control devices, GPS receivers and medical equipment is arevolutionary change.


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BBluetooth Productsluetooth Products


20

Bluetooth Mice & Keyboards




Bluetooth Flash Card & Modem


21




22


Bluetooth PDAs(Personal Data Assistant)



BBluetooth Productsluetooth ProductsBluetooth-enabled Cell Phone


23

Bluetooth MP3 Players





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Bluetooth Headsets




Bluetooth Medical Devices


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Bluetooth

Access Points

Bluetooth Projectors


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Bluetooth Adapters for

non-Bluetooth

computersBluetooth Cameras



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APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONSOTHER««««

Data synchronization need never again be a problem as your Bluetooth enabled PDA, PC or laptop all talk to each other andupdate their respective files to the most recent ones.

Travelling in a plane, a person may write but not send e-mail. Whenthe plane touches down the Bluetooth enabled laptop willcommunicate with the user's phone and will automatically sendthem.

Mice and keyboards will identify themselves to the computer withoutintervention, or could also be used to command TVs, videos or hi-fisat the touch.

e-mails and read those you select in the mobile phone's display.

Use e-mail while your laptop is still in the briefcase! When your laptop receives e-mail, you'll get an alert on your mobile phone. Youcan also browse all incoming data.


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FUTURE:: FUTURE::

WIRELESS WORLD


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Bluetooth¶s Future

The future of this technology becoming a standard is likely

With a strong industry pushing behind it, success is inevitable.

Bluetooth will soon be known as Bluetooth 1.2. as they are trying todevelop the product to better fulfill the needs of consumers

Often, with new technology, early changes mean reconstruction. NotWith Bluetooth, instead, there will be an improvement to the existingstandard.


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10/27/2010 copyright 2010 debalina ghosh, sourav roy, dipanwita sarcopyright 2010debalina ghosh,sourav roy, deepanwita sar

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CONTENT

General Security Issues InWireless

Network.

Bluetooth Security Modes

Bluetooth Security Infrastructure.

WeaknessesWith Bluetooth




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GENERAL SECURITY ISSUES

INWIRELESS NETWORK

In a Wireless environment as every bit is on air so security concern is HIGH.

3 main issues regarding Wireless NetworkSecurity are- ± Confidentiality

To send information across the network in such a way thatonly the intended recipient (s) can read it.

± Availability The network available to users whenever it is supposed to

be. ± Data Integrity

Transferring data to the recipient (s) intact.




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BLUETOOTH SECURITY MODES

In Bluetooth, there are three security modes- ± Security Mode 1: Non-Secure

± Security Mode 2: Service Level Enforced Security

± Security Mode 3: Link Level Enforced Security

The 3 above mentioned modes are described in TABLE-

1 in next slide.




35

TABLE-1

MODE DESCRIPTION

1 In this MODE, the device does not implement any securityprocedures, and allows any other device to initiateconnections with it.

2 In this MODE security is enforced AFTER the link is

established , allowing higher level applications to run more

flexible security policies.3 In this MODE security controls such as AUTHENTICATION

andENCRYPTION

are implemented at theBaseband

level BEFORE the connection is established . In thisMODE, BLUETOOTH allows different security levels to be

defined for DEVICES and SERVICES.




36

BLUETOOTH SECURITY

INFRASTRUCTURE

COVERED DOMAINS-----

1.SECURITY ENFORCED IN MODE-2.

2.SECURITY ENFORCED IN MODE-3.

3. SECURITY PROTOCOLS




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SECURITY ENFORCED IN MODE-2. In security mode 2, security is handled by

higher level applications rather than at the link

level, and is enforced after the communication

is established .

As Bluetooth uses the RFC

OMM protocol it isable to use existing protocols such as TCP, UDP

andWAP, and can use the security measuresbuilt into these.




38

SECURITY ENFORCED IN MODE-3. In security mode 3, security is enforced before a

communications link is established . Security inBluetooth, like in other networks is based onauthentication and encryption.

In Bluetooth security there are four main identifiers- ± 48 bit unique IEEE Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR).

± 128 bit Link key, used for authentication. ± 8-128 bit symmetric encryption key.

± 128 bit random numbers (RAND) generated as required.




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SECURITY PROTOCOLS

BLUETOOTH offers 2 basic S ecurity

Protocols- ± AUTHENTICATION

± ENCRYPTION

Among above two AUTHENTICATI

ONis mandatory i.e. it must be inherited by

the BLUETOOH device.




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AUTHENTICATION

To authenticate devices in Bluetooth, a link key isgenerated for the connection, followed by a

challenge-response strategy to ensure that theclaimant device knows the link key.

There are four types of link key defined in theBluetooth specification:

± UNIT KEYS ± INITIALISATION KEYS

± COMBINATIONAL KEYS

± MASTER KEYS




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CONT..

In addition, Bluetooth defines four algorithms for key

generation and authentication-

± E1

± E21 ± E22

± E3

They are all based on the SAFER+ block cipher

algorithm.




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GENERATION OF UNIT KEY (KA)

E21

RAND A

BD_ADDR A

K A

DEV

ICE A

(128 bits)

(48 bits)

(128 bits)E21: CRYPTOGRAPHIC

HASH FUNCTION




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AUTHENTICATION PROCESS

Link key generation

KLINK

PINRandom #

SRES¶SRES ACO¶ ACO

Encryption key generation

SRES¶

BD_ADDRB

CHECKSRES = SRES¶

E1

(SAFER+)BD_ADDRB

KLINK

AU_RAND

E1

(SAFER+)BD_ADDRB

KLINK

AU_RAND

A (Verifier) B (Claimant)

AU_RAND




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E0

BD_ADDR A

clock A

KC¶

Kcipher

Kcipher

Kcipher

data A-B

dataB-A

E0

BD_ADDR A

clock A

K¶C¶

K¶cipher

K¶cipher

K¶cipher

data A-B

dataB-A

data

A B

=

ENCRYPTION



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WITH BEST REG ARDSTO PROF. SAIKAT

BHTTACHARYA

Blue Tooth Seminar

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