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Blue Carbon Monitoring System Linking Satellite and Soil Data to Validate Coastal Wetland 'Blue Carbon' Inventories: Upscaled Support for Developing MRV and REDD+ Protocols (October 2014-17) Lead PI: Lisamarie Windham-Myers (18 Science PIs, all but 1 PhD) Federal USGSBrian Bergamaschi Kristin Byrd Judith Drexler Kevin Kroeger John Takekawa Isa Woo NOAA-NERRMatt Ferner Smithsonian Pat Megonigal Don Weller Lisa Schile NASA-JPLMarc Simard Non Federal U. South CarolinaJim Morris U. Maryland/NOAAAriana Sutton-Grier U. San FranciscoJohn Callaway Florida Intl. U.Tiffany Troxler Texas A&M U.Rusty Feagin IndependentStephen Crooks

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Blue Carbon Monitoring System Can coastal LULC data be used for national GHG inventory? (IPCC, stock change from 1990 to current) Can we reduce uncertainty by refining wetland categories? (vegetation type, biomass, elevation, salinity, sediment)

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Blue Carbon Monitoring System 0.5 mm/y Tide gauge 1.7 mm/y Satellite 3.2 mm/y Avg 8 mm/y High 14 mm/y Product 1: National Scale stock-based 30m resolution C pool maps (1992-2011) via NOAAs C-CAP (NLCD) linked with regional SLR and SSURGO 1m soil data

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Blue Carbon Monitoring System Product 1: National Scale stock-based 30m resolution C pool maps (1992-2011) via NOAAs C-CAP (NLCD) linked with regional SLR and SSURGO 1m soil data Product 2: Sentinel Site stock-based and process-based maps, where -Field and remote sensing data availability (abundance and quality) -Within-site range of tidal wetland categories -Salinity -Vegetation types -Landuse (degradation, restoration) -Between-site range of climate variables

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Blue Carbon Monitoring System Product 1: National Scale stock-based 30m resolution C pool maps (1992-2011) via NOAAs C-CAP (NLCD) linked with regional SLR and SSURGO 1m soil data Product 2: Sentinel Site stock-based and process-based maps, where -Field and remote sensing data availability (abundance and quality) -Within-site range of tidal wetland categories -Salinity -Vegetation types -Landuse (degradation, restoration) -Between-site range of climate variables Product 3: Price of Precision Error Analysis (30m v 250m, Tier 1,2,3, Algorithms)

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Blue Carbon Monitoring System Example: Shark River Slough, Everglades, Florida C-CAP SSURGOIPCC DefaultUSFWSRS Data+ field DateHydrologyVegetationSoil C stock (T)Biomass C stock (T)SalinityBiomasscalibrate 1992PalustrineForested304 Fresh 2011EstuarineEmergent322 Brackish

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Blue Carbon Monitoring System Once calibrated, relative elevation is used to estimate cumulative accretion, water depth, flooding frequency, aboveground and belowground biomass, and carbon stored. Marsh Equilibrium Model: mechanistic, annual cohort, 1D accretion From past and present, project future

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Blue Carbon Monitoring System Linking Satellite and Soil Data to Validate Coastal Wetland 'Blue Carbon' Inventories: Upscaled Support for Developing MRV and REDD+ Protocols Goal: IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Need demonstration of approaches for SBSTA, 2017 REDD+ development (international) Need protocol for stock-based soil C Carbon market (voluntary and regulatory) Need projections of baseline and activity budgets = verifiable protocol to support federal, international, and market incentives Example wedges of GHG benefits