bls_1285-53_1961.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMAAPRIL 1961

Bulletin No. 1285-53

UNITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABORArthur J. Goldberg, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Occupational Wage Survey

BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA

APRIL 1961

Bulletin No. 1285-53May 1961

UNITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABORArthur J. Goldberg, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents


Preface

The Community Wage Survey Program

The Bureau of Labor Statistics regularly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A preliminary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the earlier report. A consolidated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of all of the yearns surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys.

This report was prepared in the Bureau*s regional office in Atlanta, Ga., by Donald M. Cruse, under the direction of Louis B. Woytych, Assistant Regional Director of Wages and Industrial Relations.

Contents

Page

Wage trends for selected occupational groups_________________________ 3

Table s:

1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey__________ 22. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and

straight-time hourly earnings for selectedoccupational groups ____________________________________________ 2

A: Occupational earnings: *A - l . Office occupations________________________________________A -2. Professional and technical occupations _________________A -3. Maintenance and powerplant occupations ________________A -4 . Custodial and material movement occupations__________

Appendix: Occupational descriptions __________________________________ H

* NOTE: Similar tabulations for these and other items, including data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions, are available in the Birmingham area reports for April 1952, January 1957, and March I960. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request.

Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are also available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local - transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers and helpers.

00


Occupational Wage SurveyBirmingham, Ala.

Introduction

This area is one of several important industrial centers in which the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area basis.

The bulletin presents current occupational employment and earnings information obtained largely by mail from the establishments visited by Bureau field economists in the last previous survey for occupations reported in that earlier study. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous survey.

In each area, data are obtained from representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, 1 communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions.

These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to ail establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied.

Occupations and Earnings

The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to

1 Railroads, formerly excluded from the scope of these studies, were included in ail of the areas studied since JuLy 1959, except Baltimore (September 1959 and December I960), Buffalo (October 1959), Cleveland (September 1959), and Seattle (August 1959).

take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions. ) Earnings data are presented (in the A-series tables) for the following types of occupations: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement.

Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-of- living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar.

Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (l) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties performed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of service or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed.

Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data.


2T ab le 1. E sta b lish m en ts and w o rk e r s w ithin sco p e o f su rvey and num ber stud ied in B irm in gh am , A la . , 1 by m a jo r in du stry d iv is io n , 2 A p r il 1961

N um ber o f esta b lish m en ts W ork ers in esta b lish m en ts

Industry d iv is io n W ithin scope o f s tu d y 3 Studied

W ithin sco p e o f study Studied

A ll d iv is io n s __________________________________________________________ 407 130 9 4 ,0 0 0 6 4 ,2 4 0

M anufacturing ________________________________________________________ 155 53 5 3 ,5 00 40, 180N onm anufacturing ____________________________________________________

T ra n sp orta tion , co m m u n ica tion , and252 77 4 0 ,5 0 0 24, 060

oth er pu b lic u tilit ie s 4 __________________________________________ 39 19 12 ,2 00 10, 270W h olesa le trade 5 ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- 63 15 6, 700 2, 320R eta il tra de 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 22 11 ,9 00 6, 640F in a n ce , in su ra n ce , and re a l esta te 5 _________________________ 45 11 6, 100 3, 190S e rv ice s 5> 6 ________________________________________________________ 31 10 3, 600 1, 640

1 The B irm in gh a m Standard M etrop o lita n S ta tistica l A r e a (J e ffe r s o n C ounty). The "w o rk e r s w ithin s co p e o f study" e s t im a te s show n in this table p rov id e a re a so n a b ly a ccu ra te d e s cr ip t io n o f the s iz e and co m p o s it io n o f the la b o r fo r c e in clu ded in the su rvey . The e s t im a te s a re not intended, h o w ev er , to s e rv e as a b a s is o f co m p a r is o n w ith oth er a rea em ploym en t in dexes to m e a su re em ploym en t tren d s o r le v e ls s in ce (1) planning o f w age su rve y s re q u ire s the use o f esta b lish m en t data co m p ile d co n s id e ra b ly in advance o f the p a y ro ll p e r io d studied , and (2) sm a ll e sta b lish m en ts a re ex clu d ed fr o m the sco p e o f the su rvey .

2 The 1957 re v is e d ed ition o f the Standard In dustria l C la s s if ic a t io n Manual w as u sed in c la s s ify in g esta b lish m en ts by in du stry d iv is io n . M a jor changes fr o m the e a r lie r ed ition (u sed in the B u reau s la b o r m a rk et w age su rvey s con d u cted p r io r to July 1958) a re the t ra n s fe r o f m ilk p a ste u r iza tio n plants and re a d y -m ix e d co n c re te e sta b lish m en ts fr o m trade (w h o le sa le o r re ta il) to m anufacturing , and the tra n s fe r o f ra d io and te le v is io n b ro a d ca stin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp orta tion , com m u n ica tion , and other pu blic u tilit ie s d iv is ion .

3 Includes a ll e sta b lish m en ts w ith tota l em ploym en t at o r above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n (50 e m p lo y e e s ). A ll ou tlets (w ith in the area ) o f com p a n ies in such in d u str ie s as tra d e , fin an ce , auto re p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o t io n -p ic tu re th ea ters a re co n s id e re d as 1 esta b lish m en t.

4 T a x ica b s and s e r v ic e s in cid en ta l to w ater tra n sp orta tion w e re ex clu d ed .5 T his in du stry d iv is io n is re p re se n te d in est im a te s fo r "a ll in d u s tr ie s " and "n on m a n u fa ctu rin g" in the S e r ie s A ta b le s . S eparate pre se n ta tio n

o f data fo r th is d iv is io n is not m ade fo r one o r m o re o f the fo llow in g re a so n s : (1) E m p loym ent in the d iv is io n is too sm a ll to p ro v id e enough data to m e r it sep arate study, (2) the sam ple w as not des ig n ed in it ia lly to p e rm it sep arate p resen ta tion , (3) re s p o n se w as in su ffic ie n t o r inadequate to p erm it sep arate p resen ta tion , (4) th ere is p o s s ib ility o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d iv idua l esta b lish m en t data.

6 H otels ; p e rso n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u sin e ss s e r v ic e s ; a u tom ob ile r e p a ir shops; m otion p ictu re s ; n on p rofit m e m b e rsh ip org a n iza tio n s ; and en g in eerin g and a rch ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s .

T ab le 2. P e rce n ts o f in c re a s e in standard w eek ly sa la r ie s and s tra ig h t-t im e h ou rly ea rn in gs fo r se le c te d occu p a tion a l

grou p s in B irm in gh a m , A la . , M arch I960 to A p ril 1961

O ccupationa l grou p s A ll in d u str ies M anufacturing

O ffice c le r i c a l (w om en) ________ 3. 2 3. 2Industria l n u rse s (w om en) --------- 1 .6 1 .5Skilled m ain tenance (m en) --------- 3. 5 3. 3U n skilled plant (m en) __________ 1 .6 .4


3Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of women office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups.

For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the percents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work pn weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on women in the following 18 jobs: Billers, machine (billing machine); bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerks, file, class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; keypunch operators; office girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard operators; switchboard operator- receptionists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-machine operators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics, automotive; millwrights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-metal workers; and tool and die makers; unskilledjanitors, porters, and cleaners; laborers, material handling; and watchmen.

Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employment in the job during the months indicated in the title of table 2.

These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other.

The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments.

The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job included in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours.

Indexes for the period 1953 to I960 for workers in 20 major labor markets will appear in BLS Bull. 1265-62, Wages and Related Benefits, 60 Labor Markets, Winter 1959-60.


4A* Occupational Earnings

Table A-l. Office Occupatbns

(A v e ra g e s tra ig h t-t im e w eek ly h ou rs and ea rn in gs fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tion s stud ied on an a re a b a s is by in dustry d iv is io n , B irm ingham , A la . , A p r il 1961)

Sex, occu p a tion , and in du stry d iv is io n

M en

C le rk s , accou n tin g , c la s s A ____________M anufacturing __________________________N onm anufacturing _____________________

C le rk s , a ccoun ting , c la s s B ____________M anufacturing _________________________N onm anufacturing _____________________

C le rk s , o r d e r _____________________________N onm anufacturing _____________________

C le rk s , p a y ro ll ___________________________M anufacturing _________________________

O ffice boys _________________________________N onm anufacturing _____________________

T ab u la tin g -m ach in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A ___________________________________

T ab u la tin g -m ach in e o p e r a to r s ,c la s s B ___________________________________

N onm anufacturing _____________________

W om en

B ille r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m ach in e) ____M anufacturing __________________________N onm anufacturing _____________________

P u b lic u tilit ie s 2 ___________________

B ille r s , m a ch in e (bookkeep in gm ach in e) __________________________________

N onm anufacturing _____________________B ook k eep in g -m ach in e o p e r a to r s ,

c la s s A ___________________________________N onm anufacturing _____________________

B ook k eep in g -m ach in e o p e r a to r s ,c la s s B ___________________________________

M anufacturing _________________________N onm anufacturing _____________________

C le rk s , a ccoun ting , c la s s A ____________M anufacturing _________________________N onm anufacturing _____________________

P u b lic u tilit ie s 2 ___________________

Avebag* NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Number $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ofworkers

Weeklyhouro*

Weeklyearnings1

U n d e r$4 0 . 0 0

4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0(Standard) (Standard) u n d e r _ ~ _ - " " ~ ~ - - - an d

4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 o v e r

1 4 0 4 0 . 0 $ 1 0 5 . 5 0 8 3 4 8 10 12 15 10 16 8 2 17 8 9 4 67 5 4 0 . 0 1 1 5 . 5 0 - - - - - - - 3 - - 6 3 7 1 9 6 1 16 6 7 4 5-------65 4 0 . 0 9 4 . 0 0 - - - - " " 8 - 4 8 4 9 8 9 7 2 1 1 2 2 - -

77 4 0 . 0 9 2 . 0 0 . _ _ _ 2 2 2 5 2 10 2 6 8 3 0 6 2 _ _ _ _ _ _38 4 0 . 0 8 6 . 5 0 - - - - t 1 1 5 1 10 2 4 - 4 6 2 _ - _ _ _ _39 4 0 . 0 9 7 . 0 0 - - - ~ 1 1 ! - 1 " " 2 8 2 6 - - - - - - - -

1 2 2 4 0 . 0 7 6 . 0 0 _ _ - 9 7 4 17 10 2 2 4 0 2 1 3 2 _ _ _ 5 _ _ _ _75 4 0 . 0 7 3 . 5 0 - 9 4 2 l l 9 2 3 4 1 1 " 2 - - " - - - - -

5 5 4 0 . 0 9 9 . 5 0 - - - 5 - l - 1 - 5 2 4 7 8 6 5 3 2 1 1 1 34 9 4 0 . 0 9 9 . 0 0 - - 5 - 1 1 - 5 2 4 7 2 6 5 3 2 1 1 1 3

57 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 2 21 7 4 7 6 1 2 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4 6 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 5 0 " 2 2 2 0 2 4 6 5 ' 2 3

25 4 0 . 0 1 0 7 .0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 2 2 5 . 1 2 10 2 1

35 3 9 . 5 8 0 . 5 0 | 2 2 2 3 13 2 4 2 4 127 3 9 . 0 7 5 . 5 0 2 2 1 3 12 2 3 2

1 0 5 3 9 . 5 6 2 . 5 0 15 6 1 4 10 20 13 10 7 5 2 1 23 4 4 0 . 0 7 3 . 0 0 - 2 - 1 - 4 9 - 7 4 5 2 - - - - - - _ _ _ _71 3 9 . 5 5 7 . 5 0 - 13 6 13 10 16 4 - 3 3 - - 1 2 - - _ _ _ _ _ _32 3 9 . 0 6 7 . 5 0 - - " 6 3 10 4 - 3 3 1 2 - - - - "

5 3 4 0 . 0 5 9 . 0 0 . 5 1 7 16 12 . 6 5 _ . . 1 . . .

4 7 4 0 . 0 5 6 . 5 0 - 5 1 7 16 12 - 6 - - - - - - " -

5 3 4 1 . 5 7 3 . 5 0 _ _ _ _ 1 20 3 9 10 2 _ 3 _ 2 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _

37 4 2 . 0 6 6 7 5 0 " - " 1 20 3 9 4

2 9 4 4 0 . 5 5 7 . 5 0 2 3 56 71 39 4 5 9 2 8 9 9 _ 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _57 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 - - - 15 - 5 4 10 9 9 - 2 3 - - - - - - - - -

2 3 7 4 0 . 5 5 4 . 5 0 - 2 3 5 6 5 6 3 9 40 5 18

2 6 2 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 5 0 _ _ _ 10 19 30 2 8 4 9 2 0 18 17 16 5 2 6 2 7 3 8 4 _ _ _4 3 4 0 . 0 9 6 . 0 0 - - - - - - 6 7 1 3 3 4 1 1 3 - 2 8 4 - - -

2 1 9 4 0 . 0 7 7 . 5 0 _ _ _ 10 19 30 2 2 4 2 19 15 1 4 12 4 1 3 27 1 - _ - _ -6 4 3 9 . 5 9 9 . 0 0 5 1 2 13 7 4 1 3 2 7 1

See foo tn otes at end o f ta b le .

N O T E : E stim ates fo r a ll in d u str ie s , nonm anufacturing , and pu b lic u tilit ie s in clu de data fo r ra ilr o a d s (SIC 40), om itted fr o m the s co p e o f a ll la b o r m a rk et w age su rve y s m ade b e fo re July 1959. W here s ign ifica n t, the e ffe c t o f the in c lu s io n o f ra ilr o a d s is g re a te st on the data show n sep a ra te ly fo r the pu b lic u tilit ie s d iv is io n .


5Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued

(A v e ra g e s tra ig h t-t im e w eek ly h ou rs and ea rn in gs fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tion s studie/d on an a rea b a s is by in du stry d iv is io n , B irm in gh a m , A la . , A p r il 1961)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

S ex , o ccu p a tio n , and in du stry d iv is io n Numberofworkers Weekly, hours 1

(Standard)Weekly , earnings 1

(Standard)Under$40 . 00

'40. 00

and under 4 5 .0 0

$45. 00

50. 00

50. 00

65, 00

$55. 00

60. 00

$60. 00

65. 00

$65. 00

70. 00

$70. 00

15. 00

$75. 00

80. 00

$80. 00

85. 00

$85. 00

90. 00

$90. 00

95. 00

$95.00

100.00

100.00

105.00

$105.00

110 .00

$110.00

115.00

$115.00

120.00

$120.00

125.00

$125.00

130.00

$130.00

135.00

135.00

140.00

*140.00ando v e r

W om en Continued

C le r k s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s B ____________ 596 39. 0 $ 6 4 .0 0 9 15 38 117 86 90 58 22 ! 93 161

11 30 1 4 6 - - - . _ _ _M anufacturing _________________________ 108 40. 0 75. 50 - - - 6 3 14 14 11 30 8 i 10 1 1 4 6 - - - - - - -N on m anufactu rin g _____________________ 488 38. 5 61. 50 9 15 38 111 83 76 44 11 63 | 8 !

j1 29 - - - " - " - " -

C le r k s , f i l e , c la s s A ________ _________ 86 39. 5 65. 50 - 7 14 4 17 12 4 7 4 3 2 1 2 . 9 _ _ _ . _ . _M anufacturing _________________________ 29 40. 0 79. 50 - _ 2 - 7 - 2 - 4 3 ! - 1 2 - 8 - - - - - - -N on m anufactu rin g _____________________ 57 39. 5 58. 50 " 7 12 4 10 12 2 j 7 - _ 2 - - - 1 - " " " - - -

C le r k s , f i le , c la s s B ____________________ 251 39. 5 53. 00 11 67 65 53 8 4 5 _ 9 _ 28 1 _ _ . _ . _ _ _ . _M anufacturing _________________________ 48 40. 0 77. 00 - - 5 6 - - - - 9 - 28 - - - - - - - - - - -N on m anufactu rin g _____________________ 203 39. 5 47. 50 11 67 60 47 8 4 5 - - - 1 " - - - " - - - "

C le r k s , o rd e r _____________________________ 45 40. 0 67. 00 _ 3 _ 1 4 17 6 _ 5 _ 6 1 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _N onm anufacturing _____________________ 26 40. 0 58. 00 - 3 - 1 4 14 4 - - - - - - - - " - -

C le rk s , p a y ro ll ___________________________ 212 39. 5 71. 00 8 9 5 10 31 26 31 1 23 22 12 9 16 - 6 _ _ 3 _ _ - -M anufacturing _________________________ 125 40. 0 74. 00 - - 3 1 22 20 21 1 10 17 | 8 7 11 - 2 - - 2 - - - -N onm anufacturing _____________________ 87 39. 5 67. 00 8 9 2 9 9 6 10 - 13 ! 5 4 2 5 4 " - 1 - - ~ -

C o m p tom eter o p e r a to r s _________________ 192 39. 5 63. 00 _ 13 16 15 27 44 25 22 10 5 1 11 2 2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

M anufacturing _________________________ 44 40. 0 69. 00 - - - 3 10 9 2 6 5 1 i r 1 - - - - - - - - - -N on m anufactu rin g _____________________ 148 39. 5 | 6 1 .5 0 - 13 16 12 17 35 23 16 5 2 ! 6 1 2 " - - - " i - " "

D u p lica tin g -m ach in e o p e ra to rs i 1 i(M im eog ra p h o r D itto) 27 39. 5 56. 50 - - 3 17 - 4 - - 2 - i - - - - - - - - - - -

K eypunch o p e ra to rs _______________________ 233 39. 0 69. 00 _ 8 5 40 18 48 17 17 15 4 16 45 _ . _ _ . . . . _ _M anufacturing _________________________ 72 40. 0 85. 00 - - 1 3 2 1 F~~ 9 3 12 35 - - - - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing _____________________ 161 39. 0 62. 50 - 8 : 5 39 15 46 16 11 6 1 4 10 - - - - - - - - - -

P u b lic u tilities 2 ___________________ 58 39. 0 63. 50 - i i - 18 12 10 6 - 5 1 - 6 - - - - - - - - - -O ffice g ir ls 60 39. 5 57. 50 _ 11 19 13 3

_ _ 1 . _ 13 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _N onm anufacturing _____________________ 47 39. 5 49. 50 - ! n 18! 1 }

3 - - 1 - - 1 - - - - " - " -

S e cr e ta r ie s 759 39. 5 88. 00 _ 12 2 9 31 25 88 53 78 84 43 56 31 37 60 80 39 18 4 2 2 5M anufacturing __________________________ 307 40. 0 94. 00 - - - 1 5 3 29 13 23 39 9 34 12 22 49 28 30 6 1 - - 3N onm anufacturing _____________________ 452 39. 5 83. 50 - 12 2 8 26 22 59 40 55 45 34 22 19 15 11 52 9 12 3 2 2 2

P u blic u tilities 2 ___________________ 148 39. 5 102. 00 - - - - - 4 4 3 8 14 8 14 7 8 5 46 9 9 3 2 2 2S te n og ra p h ers , g e n e ra l _________________ 861 40. 0 72. 00 9 7 37 96 66 127 103 80 69 50 53 52 100 1 9 2 - - - - - -

M anufacturing 307 40. 0 83. 00 - - - 16 11 19 30 29 20 27 38 17 92 - 8 - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing _____________________ 554 39. 5 66. 00 9 7 37 80 55 I 108 73 51 49 23 15 35 i 8 1 1 2 - - - - - -

P u b lic u tilit ie s 2 ___________________ 168 39. 0 72. 00 ! 14! 19 ! 3110 32 22 7 9 19 i 4I 1 - - " - - "

S w itchboard o p e ra to rs ___________________ 155 40. 5 64. 00 3 22 j____ ! 17 17 13 1 19 8 2 6 2 21 2 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _M anufacturing _________________________ 40 39. 0 ! 8 3 .5 0 - - - 4 ! 10 1 - 1 - 3 1 20 - - - - - - - - -N on m anufactu rin g _____________________ 115 41. 0 57. 00 22 6 17 17 9 i 9 7 2 5 2 18 1 - - - " - - - - - -

S w itchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p t io n is ts ____ 1 1 0 4 0 . 0 ! 6 4 . 50 - 11 1 16 11 19 ! 19 7 16 1 4 _ 4 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturing _________________________ 57 3 9 . 5 j 7 0 . 0 0 - - 3 i 8 9 11 6 14 1 - - 4 - - 1 - - - - - -N onm anufacturing _____________________ 53 4 0 . 5 5 8 . 50 - 111

1 13 I 3 10 8 1 2 - 4 - - - - - - - -

T ab u la tin g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s ,1

c la s s R 59 3 8 . 5 7 2 . 0 0 - - - 1 2 i 4 ; 15 5 5 21 2 - 3 _ - 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _N onm anufacturing _____________________ 5 2 3 8 . 0 7 1 . 0 0"

1------ ~ j------ T ~ 4 1 141

4

i

3 20 2

1 3 "

J_______

~

See footn otes at end o f ta b le .


6Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued

(A v e ra g e s tra ig h t-t im e w eek ly h ou rs and earn in gs fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n s stud ied on an a rea b as is by in dustry d iv is io n , B irm ingham , A la . , A p r il 1961)

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Number $ S $ $ $ $ $ S $ s $ s !is $ $ $ $ S $ S $Sex, occupation , and in d u stry d iv isio n of Weekly Weekly U nder 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 70 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 90 . 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 30 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0workers earnings1 $ and(Standard) (Standard) under - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 70 . 00 7 5 .0 0 '8 0 .0 0 8 5 . 00 90 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 40 .0 0 o v er

W om en C ontinuedi

| [ ijj

T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e ra to rs , ig e n e ra l . . . . . 79 39- 5 ;$59. 50 - 12 ! 12 3 17 _____5 _ i i i . . 6 11 | 1 ! i -

_ - - - - - - - -M an u factu ring ____________________________ 34 4 0 . 0 1 6 6 .5 0 - - 2 15 1 1 4 - 11 I 1 i - - -

11 - - - - - - -N on m an u factu ring _______________________ 45 3 9 -5 5 4 . 50 - 12 ! 12 1 2 5 7 6 i

1

T y p is ts , c la s s A ____________________________ 140 4 0 . 0 | 6 7 .5 0 _ 815

15 14 j Z5 - 1311 17 10 i i 21 1 ! - - _ _ _ | _ _ _

M an u factu ring ____________________________ 54 4 0 . 0 1 8 1 .5 0 - - 7 - 2 - 1 1 13 i 9 1 i 21 i - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing _______________________ 86 4 0 . 0 i 5 9 . 00 - 8 ! 15i

81

14 23 - 12 1 4 I 1 - - 1 -1

-1

- " -

T y p is ts , c la s s B ____________________________ 263 3 9 . 0 5 3 . 50 _ 50 75 42 36 30 11 2 12 1 1 _ 4 _ 1 _| _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturing ____________________________ 47 4 0 . 0 I 6 8 .5 0 - - 1 I 3 15 - 10 1 12 1 - 4 - - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing _______________________ 216 3 9. 0 ! 5 0 .0 0 50 74 i 39

i________

21 30 1 1 ~ -i-------------

! - L _ " " "1 Standard hou rs re f le c t the w ork w eek fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s re c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s tra ig h t-t im e sa la r ie s and the earn in gs co r re s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h o u rs .2 T ra n sp orta tion , com m u n ica tion , and oth er pu b lic u t il it ie s .3 W o rk e rs w e re d is tr ib u te d as fo l lo w s ; 2 at $ 20 to $ 2 5 ; 4 at $ 30 to $ 3 5 ; 16 at $ 35 to $ 4 0 .

Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations

(A v e ra g e s tra ig h t -t im e w eek ly h ou rs and earn in gs fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a re a b as is by in dustry d iv is io n , B irm ingham , A la . , A p r il 1961)

Sex, o ccu pa tion , and in du stry d iv is io nNumber

of

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Weeklyhours1

(Standard)

Weeklyearnings1

(Standard)U nder

6 5 .0 0

s65. 00

and under 70. 00

$70. 00

75. 00

S75. 00

8 0 .0 0

$80. 00

8 5 .0 0

$85. 00

90. 00

%90. 00

95. 00

$95.00

100.00

100.00

105.00

$105.00

110.00

$110.00

115.00

%115.00

120.00

$120.00

125.00

$125.00

130.00

$130.00

135.00

s135.00

140.00

$140.00

145.00

$145.00

150.00

$150.00

155.00

$155.00

160.00

S160.00

165.00

$165.00

and

M en1

|

D ra ftsm en , le a d e r ________________________ 40 40. 0 $161.50 - _ - - - - - - - ~ j _ - _ 8 1 _ 4 2 3 8 2 14M anufacturing __________________________ 37 40. 0 162.50 " - " " i - - - J " | ! 81 - 3 2 3 7 14

D ra ftsm en , s e n io r ________________________ 393 40. 0 131.50 _ _ _ 2 4 7 6 6 1 111

22 i 39 I 40 49 30 21 17 13 22 7 23 57 17M anufacturing _________________________ 338 40. 0 134.50 - - - 4 7 4 4 4 16 23 ! 32 43 29 19 15 13 22 6 23 57 17D ra ftsm en , ju n ior 187 40. 0 93.00 3 22 7 14 8 14 13 20 28 9 7 11 1 4 30 _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _

M anufacturing _ _ 137 40. 0 96.00 13 5 10 3 7 10 14 23 5 7 6 ; 4 30 - - - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing 50 40. 5 84.50 9 2 4 5 7 3 6 5 4 , 5 - - - - - - - - - -

W om en

N u rses , in d u str ia l (r e g is te re d ) __ 38 3 9 .5 97.00 _ 2 2 _ 5 2 5 6 4 6 3 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _M anufacturing 30 40. 0 99-00 1 5 2 4 4 4 5 2 1 1 ~ " " 1 ~

1 Standard hours r e f le c t the w ork w eek fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s tra ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s and the earn ings co r re s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h ou rs .2 W o rk e rs w e re d istr ib u te d as fo l lo w s ; 4 at $ 165 to $ 175; 4 at $ 175 to $ 185; 6 at $ 195 to $ 205.3 W o rk e rs w e re d istr ib u ted as fo l lo w s ; 6 at $ 5 5 to $ 6 0 ; 16 at $ 6 0 to $ 6 5 .

N O T E ; See note on p. 4 , re la tiv e to the in c lu s io n o f ra ilr o a d s .


7Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations

(A v e ra g e s tra ig h t-t im e h o u r ly ea rn in gs fo r m en in s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a re a b a s is b y in du stry d iv is io n , B irm in gh a m , A l a . , A p r il 1961)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

O ccu pa tion and in du stry d iv is io nNumber

ofworkers

Average hourly .

earnings1Jnder$1 .3 0

s1. 30 and

under1 .4 0

S1 .4 0

1. 50

$1. 50

1. 60

1 . 60

1 .7 0

1. 70

1. 80

$1. 80

1. 90

S1. 90

2. 00

s2. 00

2. 10

$2. 10

2, 20

?2. 20

2. 30

$2. 30

2. 40

$2 .4 0

2. 50

$2. 50

2. 60

$2 .6 0

2. 70

$2 .7 0

2. 80

$2. 80

2. 90

$2. 90

3. 00

$3. 00

3. 10

$3. 10

3. 20

$3. 20

3. 30

S3. 30

3. 40

$3 .4 0

3. 50

$3. 50

3. 60

$3. 60

3. 70

$3. 70 and o v e r

C a rp e n te rs , m ain tenance --------------------- 312 $2. 88 1 2 2 4 3 5 5 5 6 35 11 218 2 2 11M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 294 2 .9 1 - - - - 2 - - 3 - - 3 3 2 6 34 11 217 2 - - 11 - - - -

E le c t r ic ia n s , m ain tenance -------------------- 682 3. 29 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 6 6 _ _ 13 13 3 5 30 15 84 75 22 5 28 60 70 236 10M anufacturing ----------------------------------------- 665 3. 30 - - - " - 6 2 " - 13 10 1 5 30 15 83 69 22 5 28 60 70 236 10

E n g in e e rs , sta tion a ry -------------------------------- 187 2. 85 20 8 2 5 3 6 2 ! 7 11 3 19 13 15 21 22 20 10M anufacturing ----------------------------------------- 157 2. 94 - - - 20 - - - - 5 - - - - - ! 5 11 i 18 13 14 20 20 20 - 10 _N onm anufacturing ------------------------------ 30 2. 34 - - - - 8 2 3 6 - 2 - 2 2 1 - 1 1 2 - - -

F ire m e n , sta tion a ry b o ile r ____________ 62 2. 50 6 3 1 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 14 _ _ 4 _ - 31| _ 10 20 _ _ _ _ _ _

M anufacturing ------ --------------------------- 53 2. 73 - 1 _ 1 " 14 " - 4 " 3 " "10 20 - " " -

H e lp e rs , t ra d e s , m ain tenance ------------- 556 2 .4 2 10 _ 9 10 2 _ _ 52 8 85 14 9 129 42 4 97 58 15 12M anufacturing ________________________ 512 2. 48 - - 9 6 2 - - 32 8 84 10 4 129 42 4 97 58 15 - - 12 - - - - _MAnma nnfa rtnri-ng 44 1 .7 9 2 10 4 20 1 4 5 IDiiKlir ntili ti a e ^ 31 2. 02 1 20 1 4 5

M a ch in e -to o l o p e r a to r s , t o o lr o o m ----- 161 2. 971

9 1 39 2 38 18 5 42 2 2 4161 2. 97 Q 1 39

j

2 38 18 42MdnuiaC lu rin g ----------------------------------- 7

M a ch in ists , m ain tenance ---------------------- 692 3. 29 . . _ 6 1 i 6 7 15 2 12 35 70 55 119 28 6 6 26 290 8M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 691 3. 29 - " 6 - 6 7 15 2 12 35 70 55 119 28 6 6 26 290 8

M e ch a n ics , au tom otive(m ain tenance) ---------------------------------------- 312 2. 53 - - - - 6 - 10 15 5 37 49 8 7 22 6 87 18 8 11 - 18 1 4 _ _ _

M anufacturing ________ t---------------------- 107 2. 52 - - - - 6 - 4 11 2 1 25 - - 3 3 .6 4 16 8 - - 18 1 _ _ _ _N onm anufacturing ----------------------------- 205 2. 53 - - - - - - 6 4 3 ! 12 49 8 4 19 - 83 2 - 11 - - - 4 - - -

157 2. 62 40 g 18 74 2

M e ch a n ics , m ain tenance ---------------------- 657 2 .9 9 6 5 6 34 32 13 7 45 47 8 13 76 132 6 61 32 40 94M anufacturing ________________________ 582 3. 07 - - - - 6 - - 3 - 23 1 24 8 4 21 42 5 6 76 131 6 _ 61 32 40 94 _N onm anufacturing ----------------------------- 75 2. 42 - - - - | - - 2 6 11 8 5 3 24 5 3 7 - 1 - - - - - -

M illw righ ts ----------------------------------------------- 359 3. 02 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 6 _ 9 42 24 23 159 . 78M anufacturing ________________________ 359 3. 02 18 6 - 9 42 24 23 159 - - - 78 - - -

O ile rs ________________ ______ _________ 157 2. 48 3 2 6 33 11 17 10 18 9 22 6 20M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 157 2. 48 - - - 3 2 6 - 33 11 17 10 18 9 22 6 - 20 - - - - " " -

P a in te rs , m ain tenance _________________ 73 2 .8 1 1i

1 5 3 4 2 3 10 4 7 14 5 12 2M anufacturing --------------------------------- 62 2. 85

[5 - 4 2 3 9 4 7 14 2 12 - - - - -

T o o l and die m a k e rs ____________________ 108 2. 8811_____" 18 15 _ 3 6 55 1 10 _ _ _ _ _

108 2. 88 18 (y

1 E x clu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rt im e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts .2 W ork ers w e re d istr ib u ted as fo llo w s : 1 at $ 1 to $ 1. 10; 5 at $ 1. 1 0 to $ 1. 20; 4 at $ 1. 20 to $ 1 .3 0 .3 T ra n sp orta tion , com m u n ica tion , and oth er pu blic u t il it ie s .

NOTE: See note on p. 4 , re la tiv e to the in c lu s io n o f ra ilro a d s ,


8Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations

(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Birmingham, A la. , April 1961)

Occupation 1 and industry division Under$0. 60


0. 60 and

under 70

0. 70

. 80 ^20

0. 90

1. 00

1. 10

1. 20

1. 50

1, 60

1. 90

2. 00

2. 10

2. 20

2. 60 2. 90 3. 00 and

Elevator operators, passenger (men)

Nonmanufacturing

Elevator operators, passenger (women)

Nonmanufacturing

Guards ______________________________ManufacturingNonmanufacturing

Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men)

Manufacturing ____Nonmanufacturing

Public utilitie s 4

Janitors, porters, and cleaners

Manufacturing ________________Nonmanufacturing ____________

Laborers , m aterial handling __Manufacturing ________________Nonmanufacturing ____________

Public utilities 4 __________

Order fillers ______________________Manufacturing ________________Nonmanufacturing ____________

P ackers, shipping _______________Nonmanufacturing ____________

Receiving clerks _________________Manufacturing ________________Nonmanufacturing ____________

Shipping clerks __________________Manufacturing ________________

Shipping and receiving clerks __Manufacturing ________________Nonmanufacturing ____________

11092

520594115

1,678838840279

46266

6051

16379

$ 1. 06~T7oT

. 65

I T

2. 31 1. 98

1 .8 4 1. 15 1. 70

. 86~T74F

. 81

1. 911. 522. 18

2. 201. 39

1. 962. 34 1. 51

2. 64 2. 17

iT712 ;

1019

3 ' 10

12113

3~18

T To73 | 66

1 ! 7

69T * T 74] 5"

56 6 : 2827 ! 1 | 25

8 i 12 !2 ;

8 1 31 !

79 1 127 | 112

3!

34 1 78 '3434

2277

54T15

4 6 1 ST 81 471

64 I 1445 7 19 ! 13

212

1258275

21163

504040

5959

114

61I T

26 26 "

36~36"' 3 '

88 88

TST

113

2626" 2 ' 25

104

912

144

~jr

6 56~sS~

See footnotes at end of table.


9Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued

(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Birmingham, A la ., April 1961)


Average hourly ,

earnings c

$ $ $ S $ $ s $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $Occupation1 and industry division of

workersUnder$

0. 60 and

0. 70 0. 80 0. 90 1 . 0 0 1. 10 1 .2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1 .8 0 1 . 9 0 2. 00 2 . 1 0 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00

0. 60 under and. 70 . 80 . 90 1. 00 1 . 1 0 1. 20 1. 30 1 .40 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2 . 0 0 2. 10 2 . 2 0 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 over

Truckdrivers 7 ____________________________ 1, 875 $ 2 . 00 4 28 82 134 175 101 145 87 6 2 14 5 9 2 43 363 19 131 22 395 16 11Manufacturing __________ _____________ 649 1 . 18 - - - - - - - 10 28 112 60 - 3 - 10 3 2 2 12 1 6 0 5 45 15 137 16 11 -Nonmanufacturing __ ________________ 1, 226 1.91 - - - 4 28 82 134 165 73 33 27 - 3 2 4 2 70 31 203 14 86 7 258 - - -

Public utilities 4 ___________________ 533 2.5 1 " " " ~ " 3 " " 68 2 161 4 42 ' 253 " "

Truckdrivers, light (underIV 2 tons) _________________________ __ 183 1.31 - - - - 15 22 1 64 43 7 17 - 3 1 - - - 4 5 1 - - - - - -

Manufacturing ______________________ 54 1 .5 4 - - - - - - - 5 20 r - - - - - - 4 5 - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing _________________ 129 1.2 2 - - - - 15 22 1 59 23 1 3 - 3 1 - - - ~ - 1 - - - - -

Truckdrivers, medium (IV 2 toand including 4 tons) ___ ____ 1, 263 2. 00 - - - 4 13 60 106 84 58 9 9 59 - 3 - 14 5 70 16 338 8 47 16 260 - 3 -

Manufacturing ______________________ 318 1 . 03 - - - - - - - 8 6 7 38 - 3 - 10 3 - 7 155 1 3 9 6 - 3 -Nonmanufacturing _________________ 945 1 .9 9 - - - 4 13 60 106 79 50 32 21 - - - 4 2 70 9 183 7 44 7 254 - - -

Public utilities 4 ________________ 521 2. 51 68 2 161 1 40 249 " "

Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons,trailer type) _________________________ 152 1 .9 4 - - - - - - 9 18 - 39 8 - - 1 - - - 2 20 6 45 - 4 - - -

Nonmanufacturing _________________ 102 2. 13 " " 9 1 8 ~ " ~ 1 " 2 20 6 42 " 4 " ' "

Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons,other than trailer type) _____________ 73 1 .9 4 - - - - - - 18 9 - - 3 - - - - - - 20 - - 20 - 3 - - -

Truckers, power (forklift) ______________ 401 2. 13 7 7 3 18 35 58 1 32 3 29 10 7 2 15 18 48 30 4 8 44Manufacturing __________________________ 294 2. 27 - - - - - - - 3 - 35 58 - - - 25 2 28 6 3 2 15 18 21 30 4 44Nonmanufacturing ______ _____________ 107 1.7 5 - - - - 7 7 3 15 30 - - - - 1 7 1 1 4 4 - - - 27 - - -

P iih lir. u t i l i t ie s 4 _ 3 3 2. 65 1 1 4 27

Truckers, power (other thanforklift) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 2. 11 - - - - - 15 - - - 4 - - - - 6 - 3 7 13 - 17 2 6 - 6 -

Maniifar.tiiring 53 2 .4 0 _ _ _ 4 6 7 5 17 2 6 _ 6

Watchmen __________________________________ 198 1 .4 5 16 4 42 3 16 18 10 3 27 4 9 14 9 17 . _ 6 _ _ _ - _ .M anufacturing . _ _ 104 1 .6 6 _ - _ ~ n _ 11 r 2 24 3 - 13 _ 17 - 6 _ _ - _ _ _Nonmanufactur mg 94 1.21 9 16 4 31 3 7 4 l 3 1 9 1 9

1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated.2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.3 W orkers were distributed as fo llow s: 38 at $ 0. 40 to $ 0. 50; 3 at $ 0. 50 to $ 0. 60.4 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.5 W orkers were distributed as fo llow s; 6 at $ 3 to $ 3 .1 0 ; 14 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30; 8 at $ 3. 30 and over.6 W orkers were distributed as fo llow s: 28 at $ 3. 10 to $ 3. 20; 8 at $ 3. 20 to '$ 3. 30; 20 at $ 3. 50 and over.7 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated.8 W orkers were distributed as follows : 8 at $ 3 to $ 3. 10; 10 at $ 3. 10 to $ 3. 20; 14 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30; 12 at $ 3. 50 to $ 3. 60.9 A ll workers were at $ 0. 50 to $ 0. 60.

NOTE: See note on p. 4 , relative to the inclusion of railroads.


11

Appendix: Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

O F F IC E

BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type o f machine, as follows:

Biller, machine (billing machine) Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandum, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry o f necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Class A Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

Class B Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING

Class A Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment s business transactions. Work involves posting and


12

CLERK, ACCOUNTING Continued

balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks.

Class B Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

CLERK, FILE

Class A Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

Class B Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

CLERK, ORDER

Receives customers' orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheetlisting the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and -check shipping invoices with original orders.

CLERK, PAYROLL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.

KEYPUNCH OPERATOR

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others.

OFFICE BOY OR GIRL

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.


SECRETARY

Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior.

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing machine work (see transcribing-machine operator).

STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype Or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing- machine work.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist.

13

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST

In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard.

TABULATTNG-MACHINE OPERATOR

Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints translated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail.


14

TYPIST Continued

Class A Performs one or more of the following: Typing material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance

PROFESSIONAL

DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR(Assistant draftsman)

Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman.

DRAFTSMAN, LEADER

Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature.

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR

Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities;

TYPIST Continued

in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B Performs one or more o f the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.

AND TECHNICAL

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Continued

writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting.

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combiner tion of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending To subsequent dressing of employees injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.

TRACER

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering.


MAINTENANCE

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e lectrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded.

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D POW ERPLANT

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.

HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE

Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: Insome trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinists handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and


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MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Continuedoperating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; makingstandardshopcomputationsrelatingto dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle andmaking necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d ismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.

MILLWRIGHT

Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout

MILLWRIGHT Continuedare required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

OILER

Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.

PAINTER, MAINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE

Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded.


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PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE

Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet- metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheet- metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT

ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER

Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded.

GUARDPerforms rojutine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour,

maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering.

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER Continued

or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or


18

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING Continued

from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.

ORDER FILLER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)

Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.

PACKER, SHIPPING

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK

Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Continued

For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:

Receiving clerkShipping clerkShipping and receiving clerk

TRUCKDRIVER

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded.

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.)

Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons)Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)

TRUCKER, POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:

Trucker, power (forklift)Trucker, power (other than forklift)

WATCHMAN

Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 O 5 9 4 7 2 0


Occupational Wage Surveys

Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover.

A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962.

Akron, Ohio Bull. 1285-AlbanySchenectady-Troy, N.Y. Bull. 1285-51 Albuquerque, N. Mex. Bull. 1285- AllentownBethlehemEaston,

Pa.-N.J. Bull. 1285-47 Atlanta, Ga. Bull. 1285-

* Baltimore, Md. Bull. 1285-34 BeaumontPort Arthur, Tex.-Bull. 1285- Birmingham, Ala. Bull. 1285-53

Boise, Idaho Bull. 1285- Boston, Mass. Bull. 1285-15 * * Buffalo, N.Y. Bull. 1285-31

Burlington, Vt. Bull. 1285*57* Canton, Ohio Bull. 1285-29

Charleston, W. Va. Bull. 1285- Charlotte, N.C. Bull. 1285-

* * Chattanooga, Tenn.Ga. Bull. 1285*14 Chicago, 111. Bull. 1285-

Cincinnati, OhioKy. Bull. 1285- Cleveland, Ohio Bull. 1285-11

* *Columbus, Ohio Bull. 1285-38 **Dallas, Tex. Bull. 1285-21 DavenportRock IslandMoline, Iowa111.

Bull. 1285- 16 Dayton, Ohio Bull. 1285-41 ^Denver, Colo. Bull. 1285*27 *Des Moines, Iowa Bull. 1285*43

**Detroit, Mich. Bull. 1285-37 Fort Worth, Tex. Buil. 1285-23

*Green Bay, Wis. Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C. Bull. 1285- Houston, Tex. Bull. 1285-

* Indianapolis, Ind. Bull. 1285-28* Jackson, Miss. Bull. 1285-42

* * Jacksonville, Fia. Bull. 1285-30 Kansas City, Mo.-Kans. Bull. 1285-18

LawrenceHaverhill, Mass. N.H. Bull. 1285- * * Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark. Buil. 1285-6

Los AngelesLong Beach, Calif. Bull. 1285- Louisville, Ky.Ind. Bull. 1285- Lubbock, Tex. Bull. 1285-

* Manchester, N.H. Bull. 1285-1* Memphis, Tenn. Bull. 1285-35* Miami, Fla. Bull. 1285-33

Milwaukee, Wis. Bull. 1285-* * MinneapolisSt. Paul, Minn. Bull. 1285-39

MuskegonMuskegon Heights, Mich. Bull. 1285-

*Newark and Jersey City, N.J. Bull. 1285*40 New Haven, Conn. Bull. 1285-46 New Orleans, La. Bull. 1285-48 New York, N.Y. Bull. 1285- NorfolkPortsmouth and Newport News

Hampton, Va. Bull. 1285- Oklahoma City, Okla. Bull. 1285-3 Omaha, Nebr.Iowa Bull. 1285-13

PatersonCliftonPassaic, N.J. Bull. 1285-* Philadelphia, Pa. Bull. 1285-24

Phoenix, Ariz. Bull. 1285*55

Pittsburgh, Pa. Bull. 1285-44* Portland, Maine Bull. 1285*19

Portland, Oreg.Wash. Bull. 1285- ProvidencePawtucket, R.I.Mass. Bull. 1285

Raleigh, N.C. Bull. 1285- 5* Richmond, Va. Bull. 1285*26

Rockford, 111. Bull. 1285- St. Louis, Mo.111. Bull. 1285-10 **Salt Lake City, Utah Bull. 1285-32

San Antonio, Tex. Bull. 1285- San BernardinoRiversideOntario,

Calif. Bull. 1285-4San FranciscoOakland, Calif. Bull. 1285-36 Savannah, Ga. Bull. 1285-

Scranton, Pa. Bull. 1285-8 sjojc Seattle, Wash. Bull. 1285-7

Sioux Falls, S. Dak. Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind. Bull. 1285-54

Spokane, Wash. Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio Bull. 1285-50

* * Trenton, N.J. Bull. 1285-25 * * Washington, D.C. Md.Va.-Bull. 1285-22

Waterbury, Conn.-Bull. 1285-56 Waterloo, Iowa Bull. 1285*20

Wichita, Kans. Bull. 1285-9* * Wilmington, D el.-N .J . Bull. 1285-12

Worcester, Mass. Buli. 1285- York, Pa. Bull. 1285-45

An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance.

* Price 20 cents. * Price 25 cents. priCe 15 cents.


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