bls_1188-4_1956.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIANOVEMBER 1955

BLS Bulletin No. 1188-4

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Ewan Clague, Commissioner

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Occupational Wage Survey

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

N O V E M B E R 1955

Bulletin No. 1188-4

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commiss>onr

F e b ru a ry 1956

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Contents

Page

Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- 1Wage trends for se lected occupational g rou p s_____________________________________________________________ 3

T ables:

1: Establishm ents and w orkers within scope o f stu dy----------------------------------------------------------- ----------- 22: Indexes of standard Weekly salaries for o ffice c le r ica l and average straight-tim e

hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups, and percent o f in crease

A: O ccupational earnings * -A - l : O ffice occupations ___________ _________________________________________________ *_____________ 5A -2 : P ro fess ion a l and technical occu p ation s_________ ______________________________ -___________ 9A - 3: Maintenance and powerplant occu p ation s--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9A -4 : Custodial and m aterial m ovem ent occupations ___________________________________________ 11

B: Establishm ent practices and supplem entary wage provisions *B - l : Shift differential provisions _______________________________________________________________ 14B -2 : M inimum entrance rates for women o ffice w orkers ____________________________________ 15B -3 : Scheduled weekly h o u r s__ _____________________________________________________________ ______ 16B -4 : Paid h o lid a y s__-__________________________________-__________________________________________ 17B - 5: Paid v a ca tio n s____ ______________________________ __________________________________________ 18B-6 : Health, insurance, and pension p la n s_______________________ ____________________________. . . 20

Appendix: Job descriptions _____________________________________________________________ __________________ 21

* NOTE: S im ilar tabulations for m ost of these item s are available in the Philadelphia area r e ports fo r May 1950, O ctober 1951, O ctober 1952, O ctober 1953, and N ovem ber 1954, The 1953 rep ort a lso provides tabulations of wage structure ch a ra cter is tics , labor-m anagem ent agreem ents, and overtim e pay p rovision s. The 1954 report also includes data on frequency of wage paym ents, and pay p rov ision s for holidays falling on nonworkdays. A d irectory indicating date of study and the p r ice o f the rep orts , as well as reports fo r other m ajor areas, is available upon request.

Current reports on occupational earnings and supplem entary wage p ractices in the P h iladelphia area are also available for m achinery (D ecem ber 1955), industrial chem icals (August 1955), w om en 's and m isses* dresses (August 1955), hotels (July 1955), power laundries and dry cleaners (June 1955), o ffice building serv ice (May 1955), contract cleaning se rv ice (June 1955), and cigars (A pril 1955). Union s ca les , indicative of prevailing pay le v e ls , are available fo r the follow ing trades o r industries: Building construction , printing, lo ca l transit operating em ployees, andm otortruck d r iv e rs .

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Occupational Wage Survey - Philadelphia, Pa. *

Introduction

The P hiladelph ia a rea is one o f sev era l im portant industrial cen ters in which the B ureau o f L abor Statistics has conducted surveys o f occupational earn ings and rela ted wage benefits on an areaw ide b a s is . In each a rea , data are obtained by personal v is its o f Bureau fie ld agents to represen ta tive establishm ents within six b road industry d iv is ion s : M anufacturing; transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), c o m m unication , and other public u tilities ; w holesale trade; reta il trade; finan ce , in su ran ce , and rea l estate; and se rv ice s . M ajor industry groups excluded fr o m these studies, besides ra ilroa d s , are governm ent operations and the con stru ction and extractive in du stries . E sta b lish ments having few er than a p re scr ib e d num ber o f w orkers are om itted a lso becau se they furn ish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w arrant in clu sion . 1 W herever p oss ib le , separate tabulations are p rov id ed fo r each o f the broad industry d iv is ion s.

T hese surveys are conducted on a sam ple basis because o f the u n n ecessa ry co s t in volved in surveying all establishm ents, and to insure prom pt publication o f re su lts . To obtain appropriate a ccu ra cy at m in im um co s t , a g rea ter p rop ortion o f large than o f sm all establishm ents is studied . In com bining the data, how ever, all establishm ents are given their appropriate weight. E stim ates based on the establishm ents studied are p resen ted , th e re fo re , as relating to all establishm ents in the industry grouping and a rea , 2 except fo r those below the m inim um s ize studied .O ccupations and E arnings

The occupations se le c te d fo r study are com m on to a variety o f m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in du stries . O ccupational c la s s i f i cation is based on a un iform set of job descriptions designed to take account o f in terestab lishm ent variation in duties within the sam e job (see appendix fo r listin g o f these d escrip tion s). Earnings data are p resen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types o f o ccu p a tions: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l ; (b) p ro fess ion a l and technical; (c) m aintenance and pow erplant; and (d) custod ial and m ateria l m ovem ent.

Data are shown fo r fu ll-t im e w ork ers , i . e . , those h ired to w ork a regu lar w eekly schedule in the given occupational c la ss ifica tio n . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts . Nonproduction bonuses are e x cluded a ls o , but c o s t -o f - l iv in g bonuses and incentive earnings are in cluded . W here w eekly hours are reported , as fo r o ffice c le r ic a l o c cupations, re fe re n ce is to the w ork schedules (rounded to the nearest ha lf-hou r) fo r which s tra ig h t-tim e sa laries are paid; average w eek ly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the nearest h a lf-d o lla r .

* This rep ort was p rep ared in the B u reau 's reg ion a l o ff ice in New Y ork , N. Y. by F re d e r ick W. M ueller, under the d irection of Paul E . W arw ick , R egional Wage and Industrial R elations .A nalyst.

1 See table 1 fo r m in im u m -s ize establishm ent cov ered .2 The tabulation o f m inim um entrance rates fo r wom en o ffice

w ork ers re la tes on ly to p rov is ion s in establishm ents studied.

O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in all establishm ents within the scope o f the study and not the num ber actually surveyed . B ecause o f d ifferen ces in occupational structure among e s tab lishm ents, the estim ates o f occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple o f establishm ents studied serve only to indicate the relative im portance o f the jobs studied. These d ifferen ces in occupational structure do not m a teria lly a ffect the a ccu ra cy o f the earnings data.

E stablishm ent P ra c tice s and Supplem entary Wage P rov is ion s

Inform ation is p resen ted a lso (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on s e le cted establishm ent p ra ctice s and supplem entary benefits as they relate to o ff ice and plant w ork ers . The term "o f fic e w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin , includes all o ff ice c le r ic a l em ployees and excludes adm in istra tive , execu tive , p ro fe ss io n a l, and techn ica l person nel. "P lant w o rk e rs " include w orking forem en and all n on su perv isory w orkers (in cluding leadm en and tra inees) engaged in nonoffice functions. A dm in istra tive , execu tive , p ro fe ss io n a l, and techn ica l em p loyees , and fo r c e - account con stru ction em ployees who are u tilized as a separate w ork fo r c e are excluded . C a feteria w orkers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing in d u stries , but are included as plant w orkers in nonm anufacturing in du stries .

Shift d ifferen tia l data (table B - l ) are lim ited ta m anufacturing in d u stries . This in form ation is presented both in term s of (a) esta b lishm ent p o licy , 3 presen ted in term s o f total plant w orker em ploym ent, and (b) e ffective p ra c t ic e , p resented on the basis o f w orkers actually em ployed on the sp ec ified shift at the tim e o f the survey. In esta b lishm ents having varied d ifferen tia ls , the amount applying to a m ajority was used o r , if no amount applied to a m a jor ity , the c la ss ifica tion "o th er" was used.

M inim um entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the estab lishm ents v is ited . They are presen ted on an establishm ent, rather than on an em ploym ent b a s is . Scheduled h ours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, in surance, and pension plans are treated s ta tis - tic a lly on the basis that these are applicable to all plant o r o ffice w orkers if a m a jor ity o f such w ork ers are e lig ib le o r may eventually qualify fo r the p ra ctice s lis ted . 4 B ecause o f rounding, sums of in d ividual item s in these tabulations do not n e ce s s a r ily equal tota ls.

The sum m ary o f vacation plans is lim ited to form al a rra n g e m ents, excluding in form al plans w hereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d iscre tion o f the em p loyer . Separate estim ates are provided

3 An establishm ent was con sid ered as having a p o licy if it m et either o f the follow ing conditions: ( l ) O perated late shifts at the time o f the su rvey , o r (2) had form a l p rov ision s coverin g late sh ifts .

4 Scheduled w eekly hours fo r o ff ice w ork ers (firs t section o f table B -3 ) are p resen ted in term s o f the p rop ortion o f wom en o ffice w ork ers em ployed in o ff ice s with the indicated w eekly hours fo r wom en w o rk e rs .

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2accord ing to em ployer p ra ctice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, percen t o f annual earn ings, o r fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations o f vacation allow ances by years o f s e rv ice , payments not on a tim e basis w ere converted ; for exam ple, a paym ent o f 2 percen t of annual earnings was con sid ered as the equivalent of 1 w eek s pay.

Data are presented fo r all health, insurance, and pension plans fo r which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only lega l requirem ents such as w ork m en 's com pensation and soc ia l secu rity . Such plans include those underw ritten by a com m ercia l insurance com pany and those prov ided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out of cu rren t operating funds o r from a fund set aside fo r this pu rpose . Death benefits are included as a fo rm o f life insurance.

S ickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type o f in surance under which predeterm ined cash paym ents are made d irectly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illn ess o r accident disability . Inform ation is presented fo r all such plans to which the em ployer con tributes. H ow ever, in New York and New J ersey , which have enacted tem porary d isability insurance laws which requ ire e m ployer con tr ib u tion s ,5 plans are included only if the em ployer ( l ) co n tributes m ore than is lega lly requ ired , o r (2) provides the em ployee

with benefits which exceed the requ irem ents o f the law . Tabulations o f paid s ick -lea v e plans are lim ited to fo rm a l plans which prov ide fu ll pay or a proportion o f the w o r k e r 's pay during absence fro m w ork because o f illn ess . Separate tabulations are prov ided accord in g to ( l ) plans which provide full pay and no waiting p er iod , and (2) plans providing either partial pay o r a waiting p er iod . In addition to the presentation o f the proportions o f w ork ers who are p rov ided s ick n ess and accident insurance o r paid s ick lea v e , an unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who re ce iv e either o r both types o f benefit.

Catastrophe in su ran ce, som etim es re fe r re d to as extended m ed ica l insurance, includes those plans which are designed to p ro te ct em ployees in case o f sickn ess and in jury involving expenses beyond the norm al coverage o f hosp italization , m ed ica l, and su rg ica l p lans. M ed ica l insurance re fe rs to plans provid ing fo r com plete o r partia l paym ent o f d o cto rs ' fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by co m m e rc ia l in surance com panies or nonprofit organ izations o r they m ay be s e l f - insured . Tabulations o f re tirem en t pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly paym ents fo r the rem ainder o f the w o r k e r 's life .

5 The tem porary d isab ility laws in C aliforn ia and Rhode Island do not require em ployer con trib u tion s .

Table 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Philadelphia, Pa. , 1 by major industry division, November 1955

Minimumsize Number of establishments Workers in establishments

Industry division establishment Within scope of study

Within scope of study Studiedin scope of

s tudy 2Studied

Total 3 Office Plant Total 3

All divisions____________________________________________ . 1,471 322 575,000 96,600 381,200 329,320

Manufacturing__________________________________________ 101 756 145 355,300 39,900 260 ,800 189,360Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------------------

Transportation (excluding railroads),- 715 177 219,700 56,700 120,400 139, 960

communication, and other public utilities4____ 101 62 23 49,300 8, 500 32,400 43,390Wholesale trade ----------------------------------------------------- 51 198 36 28,100 7,700 12,900 7, 660Retail trade 5 ______________________________________ 101 104 35 72,200 9,200 55,700 56, 380Finance, insurance, and real estate ------------------ 51 169 45 45,400 28,300 6 2 ,600 24,960Services 7 __________________________________________ 51 182 38 24,700 3 ,000 16, 800 7, 570

1 The Philadelphia Area (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa. , and Camden County, N. J. ). The "workers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the pay period studied and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey.

2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum size limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment.

3 Includes executive, technical, professional and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories.4 A lso excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation.5 Excludes lim ited-price variety stores.6 Estimate relates to real estate establishments only.7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and

engineering and architectural services.


3Wage Trends for S elected O ccupational Groups

Tabulated below are indexes of sa laries o f women o ffice c l e r i ca l w ork ers , and o f average earnings o f se lected plant w orker groups.

F o r o ff ic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs , the indexes relate to average w eekly sa la ries fo r norm al hours o f w ork, that is , the standard work schedule fo r which stra igh t-tim e sa laries are paid. F or plant w orker grou ps, the indexes m easu re changes in straight-tim e hourly earn ings, excluding prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h o lidays, and late sh ifts . The indexes are based on data fo r se lected key occupations and include m ost o f the num erically im portant jobs within each group. E ighteen jobs w ere included in the o ffice c le r ic a l index; 10 sk illed m aintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs w ere included in the plant w orker in dexes. See footnotes to table 2.

A verage w eekly sa la r ie s or average hourly earnings w ere com puted fo r each o f the se le c ted occupations. The average sa laries o r hourly earnings w ere then m ultiplied by the average o f 1953 and 1954 em ploym ent in the jo b . These weighted earnings fo r individual occupations w ere then added to obtain an aggregate fo r each o c c u pational group . F in a lly , the ratio o f these group aggregates fo r a given year to the aggregate fo r the base year (1953) was com puted and the resu lt m ultip lied by the base year index (100) to get the index fo r the given y ea r .

The indexes m easure p rin cip a lly the e ffects of ( l ) general sa lary and wage changes; (2) m erit o r other in crea ses in pay r e ce ived by individual w orkers while in the sam e job ; and (3) labor turnover or fo r c e expansion or reduction . A fo.rce expansion might in crea se the proportion o f low er paid w orkers in a sp ecific o c c u pation and resu lt in a drop in the index, whereas a reduction in the proportion o f low er paid w orkers would have the opposite effect. The indexes are a lso a ffected by shifts in the proportion o f w orkers em p loyed by establishm ents with d ifferent pay le v e ls . F or exam ple, the m ovem ent o f a high-paying establishm ent out o f an area could cause the index to drop , even though no change in rates o ccu rred in other area establishm ents.

The use o f constant em ploym ent weights elim inates the effects o f changes in the p roportion o f w orkers represen ted in each job in cluded in the index. N or are the indexes influenced by changes in standard w ork schedules or in prem ium pay for overtim e, since they are based on pay for stra ight-tim e h ours.

Indexes fo r the p er iod 1952 to 1955 fo r w orkers in 17 m ajor labor m ark ets , appeared in BL.S B ull. 1172, Wages and Related B enefits , 17 L abor M arkets, 1954-55.

Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office c le ric a l1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups 2 in Philadelphia, Pa. , November 1954 and -November 1955 and percent of increase for selected periods

Industry and occupational group

Ind~(

$1.90

2 . 00

*2.00

2 . 10

$2 . 10

2.20

$2.20

2. 30

$2. 30

2 .4 0

$2 .4 0

2 .5 0

$2 .5 0

2.60

$2 .6 0

2 .7 0

$2 .7 0

2 . 80

$2 . 80

2 .9 0

$2 .9 0

3. 00

$3. 00

3. 1Q

$3. 10

3. 70

$3. 20

3. 30

$3. 30

3 .40

$3 .4 0

3 .5 0

F irem en , station ary b o ile r ---------------------- 942$1 . 82 6 1 24 18 150 20 88 139 190 90 74 12 14 49 24 38 5 . _

M an u factu rin g --------- __ ------------------ 794 1. 87 - - - 2 6 120 13 81 123 175 83 52 12 11 49 24 38 5 - - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing ~ ------------- __ 148 1. 58 6 - 1 22 12 30 7 7 16 15 7 22 - 3

P ublic u tilit ies * ____________________ 29 1. 87 - - - - - - - 3 9 5 7 2 - 3Retail trade 2 ------------------------- ------- 62 1 . 68 - - 1 1 - 24 6 - - 10 - 20 " - - - - - - - - - - " "

H elp ers , tra d es , m aintenance ___________ 2, 357 1. 90 _ 3 1 51 21 46 58 189 389 481 377 115 351 13 262M an u factu rin g______ ___________ __ __ 1,705 1 .94 - 3 - 26 14 34 29 165 263 288 196 82 339 4 262N onm anufacturing_____ _____ ________ 652 1 . 81 - - 1 25 7 12 29 24 126 193 181 33 12 9

Public u tilities * ___ _______________ 470 1. 83 - - - 3 5 7 3 12 120 173 120 12 6 9W holesale trade ___ _______________ 74 1 . 81 - - - - - - 21 - 5 4 35 3 6Retail trade 2 ----- ------------- ------------- 64 1. 87 - - 4 1 - 2 - 1 12 26 18

M ach in e-tool o p e ra to rs , t o o lr o o m ______ 605 2 . 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 7 76 43 42 59 210 94 64 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturing ---------------------------------- 605 2 . 19 - - - - 1 7 76 43 42 59 210 94 64 9 - - - " '

M ach in ists , m aintenance _________________ 1,253 2. 37 _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 54 3 61 92 126 202 157 54 113 160 148 14 1 _ 3 5 36 _M an u factu rin g----------------------------------------- 1, 124 2. 35 - - - - - - - 24 54 3 61 88 110 192 144 54 100 160 80 10 - - 3 5 36

M ech an ics , autom otive (m a in ten a n ce)___ 998 2. 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 2 11 20 19 290 218 179 81 109 41 7 16 _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturing______ __ __ _____ __ __ 292 2 . 20 - - - - - - - - - 7 9 110 44 45 31 17 6 7 16 - - - - - - -

* N on m an u factu rin g________ __ ________ 706 2 . 19 - - - - - - 5 2 11 13 10 180 174 134 50 92 35 - - - - - - - - -Public u tilit ies * ____________________ 356 2. 15 - - - - - - - 2 - 2 4 157 70 79 2 8 32 - - - - - - - - -

tr a r ip 181 2. 32 5 4 12 36 34 84P tr a H p ^ 128 2. 17 2 14 87 19 6

M ech an ics, m a in te n a n ce __________________ 1,805 2. 27 19 19 40 69 209 150 318 275 114 154 103 51 267 2 3 12M an u factu rin g__ ________ __ __ __ __ 1 , 6 2 1 2 . 26 - - - - - _ 19 19 40 64 203 144 263 254 113 1 12 64 47 262 2 3 12 - - - -N onm anufacturing______ ________ __ 184 2. 32 - - - - - - - - - 5 6 6 55 21 1 42 39 4 5 - - - - - - -

R e t a i l tr a H p ^ 68 2. 15 6 6 46 7 \ 2

M illw r ig h ts__ _________________________ _ 500 2 . 26 18 34 9 109 152 34 125 18 1M an u factu rin g__ __ ________ _____ 495 2 . 26 - - - ~ - - - - - 18 34 8 109 150 34 124 18 - - - - - - - - -

O ilers _______________________________________ 500 1. 73 _ 8 3 6 92 _ 30 60 108 60 32 67 15 7 _ 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M a n u factu rin g--- ----------------------- ------- 495 1. 73 - 8 3 6 92 " 29 60 108 5 6 32 67 15 7 12 - - - - - - - - -

P a in ters , m aintenance __ _____ __ _____ 677 2. 14 _ _ _ 10 9 1 36 27 50 38 37 68 133 74 19 10 55 32 71 7 _ _ _ _ _ _M a n u factu rin g______ _________________ 359 2 . 26 - - - - - - - - 8 34 29 13 112 32 12 10 34 32 43 - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing______________________ 318 2 . 01 - - - 10 9 1 36 27 42 4 8 55 21 42 7 - 21 - 28 7 - - - - - -

Public u tilities * ___ __ __ ____ __ 105 2. 23 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 33 3 41 7 - 21 - - - - - - - _ _Finance ** __ __ _____ __ _____ __ 101 1. 73 - - - - - 1 20 23 42 2 4 7 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - -

P ip e fitte rs , m aintenance - __ 998 2. 37 _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 14 2 6 85 49 226 84 82 76 35 226 73 1 _ _ 1 _ 30 1M an u factu rin g_______ ___________ ___ 943 2. 37 - - - - - - 8 14 1 6 85 46 226 63 82 76 34 226 46 - - - - - 30

P lu m bers , m aintenance __ _____ __ __ 106 2 . 11 _ _ _ 5 7 _ _ 18 1 1 7 20 6 6 4 10 _ 7 3 2 4 _ 5 _ _N onm anufacturing __ __ _ __ 70 2 . 02 - " - 5 7 - - 18 1 - - 16 3 2 3 4 - - - 2 4 - 5 - - -

Sheet-m etal w o rk e rs , m a in ten a n ce______ 215 2 .2 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 12 25 56 28 35 21 9 10 9 6 _ _ _ 1 _ _M anufacturing 189 2. 27 - - - - - - - - 2 1 10 13 56 26 35 20 8 10 2 6 - - - - - -

Tool and die m ak ers _ __ 1,903 2 .4 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 25 68 52 67 108 149 224 736 318 44 77 _ 35 - i - _ _M an u factu rin g__ __ __ _____ ______ 1,901 2 .49 - - - - - - - - 25 68 52 67 106 149 224 736 318 44 77 - 35 n - - -

1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a ys , and late sh ifts .2 E xcludes lim ite d -p r ic e varie ty s to re s .3 A ll w o rk ers w ere at $ 3. 50 to $ 3. 60.* T ran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m u n ication , and other public u tilit ies .** F inan ce , in su ran ce , and rea l estate.


11

Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations(A verage hourly earnings 1 fo r se le cted occupations 2 studied on an area basis

in P h iladelphia , Pa. , by industry d iv ision , N ovem ber 1955)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

O ccupation and industry d iv ision Numberofworkers

Averagehourly

earnings%0. 60 and

unde i . 70

$0. 70

. 80

$0. 80

90

$0.90

1.00

$1 .00

1 . 1 0

$1 . 10

1 . 2 0

$1 . 2 0

1. 30

$1 .30

1 .40

%1 .40

1 . 50

$1. 50

1 . 60

$1 . 60

1. 70

$1. 70

1 .80

$1 . 80

1 .90

$1 .90

2 . 00

$2 . 00

2 . 10

$2 . 10

2.2 0

$2.2 0

2. 30

$2. 30

2 .4 0

$2 .4 0

2. 50

$2. 50

2 . 60

$2 . 60

2. 70

$2. 70

2 . 80

$2 . 80

2 .90

$2.90

3. 00

$3. 00

3 .10

$3. 10 andover

E leva tor op e ra to rs , p a ssen g er $(m en) -------------------------------------------------------- 854 1 .38 - 15 1 6 37 64 71 282 201 104 50 9 13 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - -

M anufacturing --------------------------------------- 146 1 .48 - - - - 12 9 2 18 10 45 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - -N on m a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------- 708 1 .36 - 15 1 6 25 55 69 264 191 59 - 9 13 - 1

R etail trade 3 ------------------------------------ 124 1. 31 - - - 6 _ - 8 102 - 7 - - - - 1 _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _F inan ce ** ----------------------------------------- 52 7 1. 37 - - - - 25 41 61 161 189 50

E levator o p e ra to rs , p a ssen ger367 1. 19 26 76 25 13 32 10 103 42 26 2 4 8313 1. 13 26 76 25 13 23 10 102 31 3 1 3

1 331

G uards ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 ,626 1. 67 41 110 113 88 74 153 138 414 201 102 4 171 17M a n u fa ctu r in g ---------------------------------------- 1 , 1 SO 1 . 79 - - - - 8 12 13 16 ^ 44 105 104 395 165 96 4 171 1 T - - - - - - - - -

476 1 .37 33 98 100 72 30 48 34 19 36 g415 1.32 32 98 94 72 30 29 34 19 1 g

J an itors , p o r te r s , and c lea n ers6, 591 1.43 3 13 119 348 468 489 518 892 676 945 1055 382 588 60 27 8

M a n u fa ctu r in g ---------------------------------------- 3, 649 1. 53 - 3 29 82 114 180 185 167 547 749 775 303 451 54 24 6 - - - - - - - - - -N on m a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------- 2 ,9 4 2 1.31 3 10 90 266 354 309 333 725 129 196 280 79 157 6 3 2 - - - - - - - - - -

556 1.65 15 16 51 23 34 249 15 153W holesa le t r a d e -------------------------------- 176 1 .40 - - - 21 21 6 8 19 17 23 17 40 4

893 1.23 10 34 118 132 27 2 16 188 47 82 4 24 g 3 2659 1.33 g 3 44 12 74 414 39 57 10

S e rv ice s -------------------------------------------- 658 1 .08 3 - 50 124 157 249 19 53 3 ~ - - - - - " - - - *

Jan itors , p o r te r s , and c lea n ers(w o m e n ) ------------------------------------------------------ 3, 505 1 . 11 4 6 71 182 240 1857 278 335 100 210 134 38 32 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

817 1 ?Q 41 46 83 109 IS '8 43 120 126 g 32 t\ManUIaLtUring 1 I . C 7N on m a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------- 2,688 1 .06 6 71 141 194 1774 169 147 57 90 8 30 - 1

P u blic u tilit ies * ---------------------- -------- 176 1.42 - - - 4 5 4 15 48 74 . 25 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -W h olesa le t r a d e -------------------------------- 69 .9 6 - 12 22 6 2 0 - 4 _ - - 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

317 QQ 18 33 8 6 159 g 14 7 7F inan ce 1 6 74 1 .06 24 85 48 1 2 1 2 159 114- g 16 gU T

* 452 QQ g 1 7 50 378 7 7 1 1 1

L a b o r e rs , m a te r ia l h a n d lin g -------------------- 11 ,543 1.65 25 224. 179 295 502 481 362 918 1054 1337 1805 1932 1538 2 9 8 159 2 0 402 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------- 7, 770 1 .67 - 25 91 70 117 193 416 238 459 843 1269 1451 1257 640 154 130 18 387 12 - - - - - - -N on m a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------- 3, 773 1.61 - - 133 109 178 309 65 124 459 2 1 1 6 8 354 675 8 9 8 144 29 2 15 - - - - - - - -

P u blic u tilit ies * ------------------------------ 595 1. 84 _ _ - _ - _ - _ 4 1 15 56 443 73 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - -W holesa le t r a d e ------------------------------ 1, 124 1. 57 _ _ - - 84 253 8 16 131 30 10 245 165 40 99 29 - 14 - - - - - - - -R eta il trade 3--------------------------------------- 2, 030 1 .57 - 133 97 94 50 57 104 324 179 42 53 67 785 44 " 1 " " - -

O rd er f i l le r s ___ __ _____ _______________ 2 ,685 1. 71 31 65 143 237 130 75 69 101 178 167 386 512 325 1 02 24 85 17 8 2 1 2 4 5 16M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________ 8 8 8 1 . 6 8 - - 13 42 34 56 30 8 9 20 166 60 279 36 39 63 1 24 6 - - 1 - _ 1 _N onm anufacturing ------------- ------------ 1 ,797 1. 72 - - 18 23 109 181 1 00 67 60 81 12 107 107 476 286 39 23 61 11 8 2 - 2 4 4 16

W h olesa le trade _____ _ _ _ _ _ 1,008 1. 63 - - - 14 59 170 82 50 30 5 7 104 90 263 57 - 15 57 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _R eta il t r a d e 3 ---- ------------- -------- _ 499 1 . 6 6 18 47 11 18 17 30 76 5 3 17 213 17 13 8 4 2

See footn otes at end o f tab le .* T ran sp orta tion (exclud ing r a ilr o a d s ) , com m u nication , and other public u tilities ** F in an ce , in su ra n ce , and rea l esta te .

O ccupational Wage Survey, Ph iladelphia , Pa . , N ovem ber 1955U .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR

Bureau of Labor Statistics


12

(A verage hourly earnings 1 fo r s e le cte d occupations 2 studied on an a rea basis in Ph iladelph ia , P a . , by industry d iv ision , N ovem ber 1955)

T ab le A -4 : C ustod ia l and M ateria l M ovem ent O ccu p atio ns - Continued

NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ $ % $ $

O ccupation and industry d iv ision of hourly 0 .6 0 0. 70 0 .8 0 0 . 90 1.00 1 . 10 1 .20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1 . 60 1. 70 1.80 1 .90 2.00 2 . 10 2 .20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3 .0 0 3. 10workers earnings and and

under. 70 .80 .90 1.00 1 . 10 1 . 20. 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2 . 10 2.20 2 .3 0 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3 .0 0 3. 10 ov er

P a ck ers , shipping (men) ------------------------- 1 ,864$1.56 11 35 65 93 202 172 121 130 313 393 207 25 21 25 19 4 23 3 2

M anufacturing -------------------------------------- 1 ,3 1 5 " 1 .64 - - -------5" 24 I T 19 5T F T F T 119 310 '2 9 0 207 24 13 2 5 13 4 23 3 - - - - 2 -N onm anufacturing --------------------------------- 549 1 .3 7 - - 3 11 42 74 121 110 56 11 3 103 - 1 8 - 6 - - - - - - - - -

W holesale trade ------------------------------ 356 1 .40 - - 2 6 10 52 97 60 20 1 - 98 - - 5 - 5 - - - - - - - - -Retail trade 3 ----------------------------------- 193 1.31 - - 1 5 32 22 24 50 36 10 3 5 1 3 - 1 ~ " " ~ "

P a ck ers , shipping (wom en) --------------------- 676 1 .27 _ _ 76 73 12 1 38 60 32 17 103 126 6 24 _ - _ . . - - _ - - - - -M a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------------- I W "T 7 W - - - - 38 - 6 1 7 1 89 120 6 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing --------------------------------- 381 1.09 - - 76 73 83 38 54 15 16 14 6 - 6 ~ - - - - - - - - - - -

R etail trade 3 ----------------------------------- 310 1 . 10 - - 54 73 40 38 54 15 16 14 6 " " "

R eceiv ing c le rk s --------------------------------------- 933 1.71 _ _ 7 _ 21 26 60 67 62 101 82 129 118 65 78 80 23 _ 2 3 6 _ 3 _ - -M a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------------- 542 "1755 - - - - 17 - ------ T 29 - 14 69 118 101 57 30 10 22 - 1 3 3 - 3 - - -N on m an u factu rin g--------------------------------- 391 1 .5 4 - - 7 - 4 26 55 38 62 87 13 11 17 8 48 10 1 - 1 - 3 - - - -

W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------- 138 1. 70 - - - - 1 7 13 15 5 20 5 7 10 4 46 4 - - 1 - - - - - - -Retail trade 3 ----------------------------------- 221 1.43 - - - 3 19 40 23 45 67 8 4 7 4 - - 1 - - - - ~

Shipping c le rk s ------------------------------------------ 589 1.85 . _ . . 4 10 6 24 30 109 96 85 60 85 24 4 18 28 3 > 3 _ _ _M a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------------- -------4 4 7 " "7758 - - - - - 2 7 2 6 14 r r 8Fl T T 5T F T 20 2 3 28 3 - 3 - - - -N onm anufacturing --------------------------------- 142 1. 75 - - - - - 2 3 4 18 16 31 16 7 6 18 4 2 15 - - - - - - - -

W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------ 85 1.83 - - - - 1 " 14 27 " 7 6 16 14 _ "

Shipping and rece iv in g c le rk s ----------------- 361 1 .94 _ _ _ _ _ 5 4 . _ 16 49 45 16 37 101 33 33 15 3 4 - - - - - -M a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------------- -------175~ T75T5 - - - - - 5 - - - 9 7 32 13 19 23 25 - 11 - 1 - - - - - -N on m an u factu rin g--------------------------------- 216 1 .96 - - - - - - 4 - - 7 42 13 3 18 78 8 33 4 3 3 - - - - - -

66 7 1 \ 2 11 23 30w noicS aic rraae - ' , .R etail trade 3 ----------------------------------- 138 1 .9 0 - - - * - " 4 - - 2 41 13 1 3 55 6 3 4 3 3 ~

T ru ck d rivers 5 --------------------------------------------- 7, 048 2 . 08 . . 36 41 6 57 60 98 115 720 145 3197 768 1007 210 534 4 28 14 1 1 _ 6M anufacturing ----------------------------------------------- 2 ,-W "T 7W - - - - - 10 r i - 5T1 ~ T T I F ~ W 1r H 5 s ir TWO 4 l 448 118 l i b 1 20 - 1 1 - -N on m an u factu rin g --------------------------------------- 4, 855 2 .0 9 - - - - - 26 36 6 3 25 60 8 605 57 2197 72 7 559 92 424 2 8 14 - - - 6

Public utilities * ------------------------------------- 1 ,950 2 . 00 - _ - - - 15 4 6 2 3 4 3 576 5 1208 60 22 4 8 2 8 14 - - - 6W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------- 2 ,0 6 8 2.20 - - - - - 6 6 - - - 5 - 5 25 638 353 537 88 405 - - - - - - -

713 2 .0 5 7 7 1 35 2 5 329 314K etaii trade * 6 1

T ru ck d riv ers , light (underlVa ton s)----------------------------------------------- 657 1.92 - - - - - 25 23 6 14 25 33 20 42 39 377 6 6 30 11 - - - - - - -

M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------------ "1753----- - - - - - 10 -------5~ - \~TT r 3 19 22 1 1 12 6 6 35 - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 507 1 .94 - 15 18 6 2 17 30 l 20 22 365 " 11 _ '

T ru ck d riv ers , m edium (lVz to andincluding 4 tons) --------------------------------------- 2 ,6 9 3 2. 07 - - - - - 11 18 - 1 34 57 61 235 31 1198 339 617 31 60 - - - - - - -

M a n u fa ctu r in g -------------------_---------------------- TTT515 2 . 10 - - - - - - - - - - T T " " 7 9 1 56 61 24 435 9 432 16 60 - - - - - - -N on m an u factu rin g ---------------------------------- 1 ,538 2 .0 5 - - - - 11 18 - 1 7 28 5 168 7 763 330 185 15 - - - - - - - -

Pu blic utilities * ------------------------------- 696 2 . 02 - - - - - - - - - - - - 155 2 483 56W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------- 594 2. 15 - - _ _ - 6 . - - - - - - - 138 250 185 15 - - - - - - - -Retail trade 3 ------------------------------- 215 1 .95 7 7 28 2 5 142 24

See footnotes at end o f table.* T ran sp ortation (exclud ing ra ilro a d s ), com m u n ication , and oth er public utilities


13

Tab le A -4 : Custodial and M ateria l M ovem ent O ccu p atio n s - Continued

(Average hourly earnings 1 fo r se lected occupations 2 studied on an a rea basisin P h iladelphia , P a . , by industry d iv ision , N ovem ber 1955)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % % $ $ $ $

O ccupation and industry d iv ision of hourly 0 .60 0. 70 0. 80 0 .9 0 1.00 1. 10 1.20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1 .70 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3. 00 3. 10workers earnings andunder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and

.7 0 . 80 .90 1.00 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1. 70 1. 80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2. 80 2 .9 0 3. 00 3. 10 ove

T ru ck d riv er s 5 - Continued

T ru ck d r iv e rs , heavy (ov er 4 tons, $t r a ile r t y p e ) _________ ._________________ 1, 322 2. 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - 204 13 351 156 192 26 380 - - - - - - -

M anufacturin g_______________________ 150 2. 05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 120 1726N onm anufacturing __________________ 1, 172 2. 19 - - - - - - - - - - - - 204 - 231 139 192 380 - - - - - - -

868 2 .27 - - - - - - . - - - - - - - 213 57 192 26 380 - - - - _ _ _

T ru ck d riv e rs , heavy (ov er 4 ton s, )other than tra ile r t y p e )_______________ 1,729 2. 07 - - . / - - - - - 42 1 8 24 183 32 1034 190 22 56 83 4 28 14 1 1 - 6

M an u factu rin g_______________________ 390 2. 05 - - - - - - - - 42 - 6 22 1 29 211 - - 5 50 2 20 - 1 1 -N onm anufacturing __________________ 1, 339 2. 08 - - - - - - - - - 1 2 2 182 3 823 190 22 51 33 2 8 14 - - - 6

P u b lic u tilit ies * _________________ 659 2. 05 - - - - - - - - - 1 2 2 177 3 406 4 22 4 8 2 8 14 - - - 6W holesa le trade _________________ 37 0 2. 12 " * ~ ~ ' " " 5 - 247 46 47 25 " _ _

T ru ck e rs , pow er ( f o r k l i f t ) _______________ 1, 868 1.83 _ _ _ _ 1 6 _ 34 106 144 260 187 297 489 213 71 8 52 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturin g___________________________ 1 ,424 1. 80 - - - - - - - 19 105 141 209 184 295 295 103 21 - 52 - - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing 444 1.92 _ _ _ _ 1 6 _ 15 1 3 51 3 2 194 110 50 8

P u b lic u tilit ies * ______ _____________ 198 1.97 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 170 22 6R etail trade 3 179 1.92 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 51 3 _ 24 52 44 1 - - _ - - . -

T ru ck e rs , pow er (other thanf o r k l i f t ) ____________________________________ 323 1.77 - - - - - - - - 5 35 69 100 45 24 35 1 9 - - - -

M anufacturin g_________________________ 317 1.76 ~ 4 34 69 100 45 23 33 1 8

W a tch m en ___________________________________ 2, 055 1.40 75 39 71 182 63 318 268 169 319 243 100 97 63 48M an u factu rin g----------------------------------------- 1, 241 1.48 - - 16 21 72 35 177 145 212 181 54 54 44N onm anufacturing _____________________ 814 1.28 - 75 23 50 110 28 141 123 23 107 62 16 43 9 4

P u blic u t i l i t ie s * _____________________ 246 1.42 - - - - 68 - 36 12 6 41 44 - 34 1 4W holesale t r a d e _____________________ 111 1. 12 - 59 5 - 3 3 - 2 9 2 10 9 1 8R etail trade 3 . _ 224 1. 35 _ _ 3 1 26 2 84 31 5 53 4 7 8F inan ce ** ___________________________ 156 1.29 - - 6 12 22 21 78 3 10 4S e rv ice s _____________________________ 77 .9 0 16 9 49 1 1 1

1 E x clu des prem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts.2 Data lim ited to m en w o rk e rs excep t w here otherw ise indicated .3 E xclu d es l im ite d -p r ic e variety s to re s .4 Inclu des 1 w ork er at under $ 0 .6 0 .5 Inclu des a ll d r iv e r s r e g a rd le s s o f s ize and type o f truck operated.* T ran sp orta tion (exclud ing ra ilr o a d s ), com m u nication , and other public u tilit ies .** F inan ce, in su ran ce , and rea l esta te .


14 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Table B-1: Shift Differential Provisions1

P ercen t o f m anufacturing plant w ork ers-

Shift d ifferen tia l

(a)In estab lish m en ts having fo rm a l p ro v is io n s fo r

(b)A ctu a lly w ork ing on

S econd shift w ork

Third o r other shift w ork Second shift

T h ird o r oth er shift

Total 8 1 .8 74 .3 15.5 4 .7

W ith shift pay d ifferen tia l ______________________ ___________ 7 5 .9 7 3 .4 14.1 4 .7

U n iform cents (per h o u r )___________________________________ 3 3 .4 29 .2 6 .1 2 .6

4 cents ___________________________________________________ .3 _ . 15 cents __________________________________________________ 11.2 2 .7 2 .4 .35 V3 cents ______________ ________________________________ .6 .6 . 16 cents ___________________________________________________ 6 .1 .3 1 . 0 .17 cents __________________________________________________ 1 .4 - .4 -7 V2 cents ____________________________________________ !------ 3 .7 1.2 .5 . 18 cents ____________________________________________________ - .6 - . 19 cents __________________________________________________ .9 2 .1 . 1 .210 cents ___________________________________________________ 6 .5 14.9 1 .0 1. 112 o r I 2 V2 c e n t s ___ ____________________________________ .7 5 .1 .2 .7O ver I 2 V2 c e n t s __________________________________________ 1.9 1.6 .3 t

U niform p ercen tage ________________________________________ 3 7 .5 35.8 6 .7 1 .2

5 p e r c e n t__________________________________________________ 6 .6 1. 1 1 .3 _7, 7 V4 o r 7 V2 p ercen t ___________________________________ 5. 3 6 .9 1.1 .310 p ercen t ________________________________________________ 2 5 .7 25 .8 4 .3 1 .015 p ercen t ________________________________________________ - 1 .9 - -

F u ll day s pay fo r red u ced hours ________________________F ull day s pay fo r red u ced h ou rs , plus cents or

- 1 .2 - .2percen tage d ifferen tia l o r fla t sum _____________________ 3. 1 5 .4 .9 .4

P e rce n t o f base ra te , le s s u n iform cents _______________ 1 .9 1.9 .5 .3

No shift pay d ifferen tia l _______________________________________ 5 .9 .9 1 .4 -

1 Shift d ifferen tia l data a re p resen ted in te rm s o f (a) estab lish m en t p o licy , and (b) w ork ers actually em p loy ed on late sh ifts at the tim e o f the su rvey . An estab lish m en t w as co n s id e re d as having a policy if it m et either o f the fo llow in g co n d ition s: ( l ) O perated late shifts at the tim e o f the su rvey , or (2) had fo rm a l p rov is ion s coverin g late sh ifts ,

t L e ss than 0 .0 5 p ercen t.

O ccupationa l Wage Survey, Ph iladelphia , P a . , N ovem ber 1955 U .S . D E PA R T M E N T O F LA B O R

B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics


15

Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers'

M in im u m rate (w e e k ly sa la ry )

N um ber o f estab lish m en ts w ith s p e c i f ie d m in im u m h irin g ra te in N um ber o f e s ta b lish m en ts w ith s p e c i f ie d m in im u m hiring rate in

A llin d u str ie s

M anufactur ing N onm anufactur ing M anufactur ing N onm anufactur ing

B a sed on stan dard w e e k ly h ou rs 2 o f A ll B a sed on stan dard w eek ly h ou rs 2 o f

A llsch ed u les 37 V2 40

A llsch e d u le s 37 % 40

in d u str ie sA il

sch ed u les 37 Vz 40A il

sch ed u les 37 V2 40

E sta b lish m e n ts stu d ied _ _ _ 322 145 X X X X X X 177 X X X X X X 322 145 X X X X X X 177 X X X X X X

FOR IN E X P E R IE N C E D T Y P IS T S FO R O TH E R IN E X P E R IE N C E D C L E R IC A L W ORKERS

E sta b lish m e n ts having as p e c i f ie d m in im u m 173 85 16 54 88 23 33 185 84 16 54 101 24 42

$ 3 0 .0 0 and under $ 3 2 .5 0 _________ 5 3 1 2 2 1 1 14 3 1 2 11 1 7$ 3 2 .5 0 and under $ 3 5 .0 0 _________ 8 _ _ _ 8 1 3 7 - - - 7 2 2$ 3 5 .0 0 and under $ 3 7 .5 0 27 6 1 3 21 7 6 30 8 2 4 22 7 7$ 3 7 .5 0 and under $ 4 0 .0 0 _________ 24 7 _ 4 17 4 6 29 7 1 3 22 5 6$ 4 0 .0 0 and under $ 4 2 .5 0 ___ 36 24 7 11 12 3 2 48 27 8 14 21 5 11$ 4 2 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 14 5 2 2 9 2 5 12 5 1 3 7 1 4$ 4 5 .0 0 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 26 16 3 12 10 2 6 20 15 2 12 5 2 2$ 4 7 .5 0 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 10 6 _ 6 4 2 1 6 3 _ 3 3 1 1$ 5 0 .0 0 and tinder $ 5 2 .5 0 _________ 11 8 2 5 3 1 1 8 7 1 4 1 . -$ 5 2 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 8 6 _ 6 2 _ 2 8 6 _ 6 2 _ 2$ 5 5 .0 0 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 . ..... 4 4 - 3 - - - 3 3 - 3 - - -

E s ta b lish m e n ts having nos p e c i f ie d m in im u m 74 33 X X X X X X 41 X X X X X X 86 39 X X X X X X 47 X X X X X X

E sta b lish m e n ts w h ich d id note m p lo y w o r k e r s in th isc a te g o r y 74 27 X X X X X X 47 X X X X X X 50 22 X X X X X X 28 X X X X X X

D ata not a v a ila b le _____________________ 1 - X X X X X X 1 X X X X X X 1 - X X X X X X 1 X X X X X X

L o w e st s a la r y ra te fo r m a l ly e s ta b lis h e d fo r h ir in g in ex p e r ie n ce d w o rk e rs fo r typ ing o r oth er c le r i c a l jo b s .H ou rs r e f l e c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich em p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir re g u la r s t r a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s . Data a re p re se n te d fo r a ll w ork w eek s co m b in e d , and fo r the m o s t co m m o n w ork w eeks re p o rte d .

O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rvey , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , N ovem ber 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F LA B O R

B u rea u o f L a b or S ta tistics


16

Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours

W eek ly h ou rs

A ll w o rk e rs

U nder 35 h o u r8 ____________________________________35 h ou rs _____________________________________________O ver 35 and under 37 l/ z h ou rs __________________37V2 h ou rs _________________________________________O ver 37V2 and under 40 h ou rs __________________40 hours _____________________________________________O ver 40 and under 44 h ou rs _____________________44 hours _____________________________________________O ver 44 h ou rs ______________________________________

I 1PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

Allindustries Manufacturing

Publicutilities* *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade2 Finance ** Services All 3 industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesaletrade Retail trade2 Servicer

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ! 100 100 100 100 100 100

t t 6 t9 3 13 t 3 22 6 - - - . _

10 7 t 6 t 24 t t t t _ - _27 25 55 15 12 28 46 5 6 t 6 t12 19 - 10 11 9 3 t 3 - t t39 46 30 65 72 10 42 84 84 99 98 78 64t t _ - _ . t t t _ t 6 -t - - - t - - t - - - 6 26

4 5 4 9

2 ^ ata re la te to w om en w o rk e rs on ly . O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rv ey , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , N ov em b er 19553 E x clu d es l im it e d -p r ic e v a r ie ty s t o r e s . U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

In clu des data fo r r e a l e sta te in a dd ition to th ose in du stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a ra te ly . B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis ticst L e s s than 2 .5 p e r ce n t .* T ra n sp orta tion (exc lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , com m u n ica tion , and o th er p u b lic u t i li t ie s .* * F in a n ce , in su ra n ce , and re a l e s ta te .


IT

Table B-4: Paid H olidays1

ItemPERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN


Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade2 Finance ** Services

All 3 industries Manufacturing

Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade2 Services

A ll w o rk e rs _________________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

W o rk e rs in e s ta b lish m e n ts p rov id in gpaid h o l id a y s ______________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 100 97 100 93

1 h o lid a y _______________________________________ t - - - t - - t t - - 10 .3 h o lid a y s ____________________ __ _____________ - - - - - - - t - - - - 65 h o l id a y s ________________________________________ t t - - t - - t t 5 t -6 h o lid a y s _____ __ _____ 25 33 9 13 72 t 60 39 36 33 19 55 72

F u ll days on ly ______________ _ _ _____ 20 23 3 12 72 t 40 35 29 33 19 55 72P lu s 1 h a lf h o lid a y t 3 - - - - 18 t t - - - -P lu s 2 h a lf h o lid a y s ________________________ t 6 - t - - t 3 4 - - - -P lu s 3 h a lf h o lid a y s _ _____ t t 6 - - - - - - - - - -P lu s 7 h a lf h o lid a y s t - - - - t - - - - - - -

7 h o lid a y s __ 24 38 5 46 23 3 36 37 42 17 40 30 10F u ll days on ly _______________________________ 20 33 5 42 12 t 26 34 37 17 39 30 10P lu s 1 h a lf h o l id a y _________________________ 3 t - 4 11 t 10 t 3 - t -P lu s 2 h a lf h o lid a y s t 4 t - - - - t t - - -P lu s 7 h a lf h o lid a y s _ - - - - - - - t - - - - -

8 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ 17 21 42 28 4 6 4 15 17 20 22 3 4F u ll days on ly _______________________________ 17 21 42 28 4 6 4 15 17 20 22 3 4P lu s 3 h a lf h o lid a y s t t - - - - - - - - - - -

9 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ 4 3 9 11 - 5 - t t 3 9 - -F u ll days on ly _ _ 4 3 7 11 - 5 - t t 3 9 - -P Iu 8 1 h a lf h o l id a y ______ _____ _________ t t t - - - - t t t - - -

10 h o lid a y s _____ 5 3 31 t - t - t - 23 t - -F u ll days on ly __ _ 4 3 26 t - - - t - 15 t - -P lu s 1 h a lf h o lid a y t - 5 - - t - t - 8 - _

11 h o lid a y s ___ __ _ t - - - - 7 - t t - - - -F u ll days on ly _______________________________ t - - - - 3 - t t - - - -P lu s 1 ha lf h o lid a y t - - - - 3 - - - - - -P lu s 2 h a lf h o lid a y s t - - - - t - - - - _ _

12 h o lid a y s _________________________________ __ 4 - 3 t - 12 - t - 3 t _ tF u ll days on ly _______________________________ 3 - 3 t - 8 - t - 3 t - tP lu s 1 h a lf h o lid a y t - - - - 4 - - - - - -

13 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ 19 t - - - 63 - t - t - - -W o rk e rs in e s ta b lish m e n ts p rov id in g no

pa id h o l id a y s ____________________________________ _ t t 3 7

1 E stim a tes re la te to fu ll -d a y h o lid a y s p rov id ed annually, as in e a r l ie r s tu d ies . T h ese a re fu rth er d iv id ed betw een w o rk e rs who r e c e iv e m e r e ly the in d ica ted n u m ber o f fu ll-d a y h o lid a y s , and th ose w ho r e c e iv e 1 o r m o r e h a lf -h o lid a y s in add ition .

2 E x clu d e s l im i t e d -p r i c e v a r ie ty s t o r e s .3 In clu d es data fo r r e a l esta te in add ition to those industry d iv ision s show n s e p a ra te ly , t L e s s than 2 .5 p e r c e n t .* T ra n sp o rta tio n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , com m u n ica tion , and other pu b lic u t ilit ie s .** F in a n ce , in su ra n ce , and re a l e s ta te .

O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rvey , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , N ovem ber 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F LA BO R

B u reau o f L a bor S ta tistics


18

Table B-5: Paid Vacations

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED INV a ca tion p o l ic y


Publicutilities*

Wholesaletrade Retail trade1 Finance ** Services


Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade 1 Services

A ll w o rk e rs ________________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ! 100 100 100 100 100 100

M ETH O D O F P A Y M E N T

W ork ers in e s ta b lish m en ts p rov id in g paid99va ca tion s _________________________________________ 99 100 100 100 100 99 100 iOO 100 90 100 100

L e n g th -o f -t im e p a y m e n t______________________ 99 98 100 100 100 99 94 72 61 100 90 100 72P ercen ta g e paym ent ___________________ ______ t t - - - - - 25

t36 - - - t

F la t-su m paym ent _____________________________ - - - - - - - t - - - -O th e r __________________ __________________________ t - - - - - 6 t t - - - 27

W ork ers in e s ta b lish m en ts p rov id in g no paidt t 10va ca tion s _________________________________________ t ~ " ' '

AM O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y

A fter 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e

1 w e e k _________________________________________________________ 18 14 8 23 78 4 28 71 71 55 57 86 67O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s _____________________________ t _ t - - 4 6 4 5 t - - 272 w e e k s ______________________________________________ 81 86 91 76 22 92 67 24 25 44 33 14 6O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s _______________________ t - - t - - - - - - - - -3 w eeks ________________________________________________________ t - t ~ " " *

A fte r 2 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e

1 w eek _________________________________________________________ 4 3 t 7 13 _ 9 44 47 37 41 39 39O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s _____________________________ t 3 - - t - 6 20 27 - 4 t 272 w eeks _____________________________________________ 94 94 98 92 86 98 67 35 26 63 45 59 33O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s __ ____________________ t - - t - t 18 - - - - - -3 w eeks ________________________________________________________ t t - t ' t ' '

A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e

1 w e e k _________________________________________________________ t 3 t t t _ 7 23 26 27 14 6 29O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s ____________________________ t 3 - - - - 6 19 26 - 4 t 312 w eeks ____________________________________________________ 96 94 99 97 99 98 68 57 48 73 73 93 38O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ________________________ t . - t - t 18 - - - - - -3 w eeks ______________________________________________ t - t - ~ t t t " 3

A fter 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e

1 w e e k __________________________________________ __ t t _ _ _ _ t 3 3 - - t 13O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s _______________________ t t - - - - 6 t t - - - 272 w e e k s _____ ____________________ _______________ 88 83 98 97 92 91 70 88 87 99 90 94 54O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ________________________ 5 6 - t - 6 18 3 5 - - - 43 w eek s _ __________________________________________ 7 10 t 3 8 3 4 4 4 t 5 3

See footn otes at end o f ta b le . O ccu p ation a l W age S u rv ey , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , N ov em b er 1955* T ra n sp orta tion (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , com m u n ica tion , and other p u b lic u t i l i t ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R** F in an ce , in su ra n ce , and re a l e s ta te . B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics

N O T E : In the tabu lation s o f v a ca tion a llo w a n ce s by y e a r s o f s e r v ic e , paym ents other than "len gth o f t im e " , such as p ercen ta g e o f annual e a rn in g s o r f la t -s u m p aym en ts , w ere co n v e rte d to an equ iva len t tim e b a s is ; fo r ex a m p le , a paym ent o f 2 p e rce n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as co n s id e re d as 1 w eek*s pay .


19

Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued

V a ca tio n p o l ic yPERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN


Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade 1 2 Finance ** Services

AH , industries * Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesaletrade Retail trade 1 Services

A ll w o r k e r s ......... .. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

AM O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y - C on tinued


1 w eek .. _ ... _ t t _ _ _ _ t 3 3 . . t 13O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s .... _ ...... t - - - - - 6 t _ _ _ 272 w eek s ._ . 67 58 82 80 65 74 43 64 66 58 80 59 53O v er 2 and under 3 w eek s 5 4 4 t - 9 . 7 10 5 _ _ 43 w eek s 28 37 14 19 35 17 50 24 21 37 10 39 3O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s - ~ - - - - - t t t - - -


1 w eek ___ t t _ _ _ _ t 3 3 _ _ t 13O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s t - _ - _ - 6 t . - _ 272 w eek s 21 15 4 30 14 33 42 27 28 12 34 20 47O v er 2 and u nder 3 w eek s ..... t t _ _ _ 3 _ 3 4 _ _ _ 43 w ee k s ___ 78 84 96 70 86 65 51 63 61 88 56 79 9O v er 3 and under 4 w eek s t t . t _ _ _ 3 4 t _ _ _4 w eek s and o v e r t t - - - - - - - - -


1 w eek ... _ t t _ _ _ _ t 3 3 _ . t 13O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s .. ....... t _ . _ _ _ 6 t _ _ _ 272 w eek s ............ ... 15 14 4 27 14 16 41 26 28 12 34 20 43O v er 2 and under 3 w eek s . . . . ............ t t _ _ _ 3 _ 3 4 _ _ 43 w eek s _ ._ __ ____ 80 85 96 72 79 73 52 62 59 88 56 74 13O v er 3 and under 4 w eek s .......... . ......... t t _ t _ _ _ 3 4 t _ _ _4 w e e k s and o v e r 3 t - 8 8 - t t - 5 -


1 w e e k __ ____ ___ t t _ _ _ _ t 3 3 _ _ t 13O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s t - - _ _ 6 t _ _ _ 272 w eek s _ 14 13 3 27 9 13 39 24 26 12 34 12 38O v er 2 and under 3 w eek s t t - - _ t _ 3 4 - _ _ 43 w eek s _ _ . 61 78 92 51 35 41 53 55 56 77 42 51 19O v er 3 and under 4 w eek s t t _ - _ - _ 3 4 t _ _ _4 w ee k s and o v e r 24 8 6 21 56 44 11 7 11 14 35

1 E x clu d e s l im i t e d -p r i c e v a r ie ty s t o r e s .2 In c lu d es data fo r r e a l e s ta te in a d d ition to th ose in du stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly , t L e s s than 2 .5 p e r c e n t .* T ra n sp o rta t io n (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , com m u n ica tion , and other p u b lic u t i li t ie s .** F in a n ce , in s u ra n ce , and re a l e s ta te .


zu

Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

Type o f plan Allindustries Manufacturing

Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade 1 2 Finance ** Services


Public utilities * Wholesaletrade Retail trade 1 Services

A ll w o rk e rs _______________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 i 100 100 100 100 100 100

W ork ers in es ta b lish m en ts p rov id in g :

L ife in su ra n ce ______________________________ 93 92 97 85 94 96

1

79 91 90 100 76 92 88A cc id en ta l death and d ism e m b e rm e n t

in s u r a n c e _____________________________________ 33 46 10 44 20 22 26 45 49 14 41 40 64S ick n ess and a cc id en t in su ran ce

o r s ick leave o r b o th 3 4 --------------------------------- 741

80 93 72 86 60 40 88 92 100 77 75 69S ick n ess and a cc id e n t in s u r a n c e . .............. 43 69 41 44 42 10 22 79 87 72 51 59 58Sick lea v e (full pay and no

w aiting p e r io d ) ---------- ------ ------- ---------------- 52 49 82 64 28 54 28 12 7 30 31 16 26Sick lea v e (p artia l pay o r

w aiting p e r io d ) ------------, ---------------- -------- 6 t 9 t 39 t t 8 5 29 7 15 5H osp ita liza tion in su ra n ce ------------------------------ 63 75 15 i 6 79 54 42 79 88 31 78 70 68S u rg ica l in s u r a n c e -------------------- ----------------------- 54 72 4 67 73 34 38 74 84 2 2 74 64 56M ed ica l in su ra n ce ____________________________ 31 45 4 39 21 22 34 45 52 14 41 30 54C atastroph e in su ra n ce ----------------------------------- 9 6 t 7 4 33 9 8 4 4 t 5 6 -R e tirem en t p en sion ----------------------- -------------- '.8 76 93 79 67 85 41 56 59 84 55 44 4No health , in su ra n ce , o r pen sion

plan ___________________________________________ t t 3 6 t

_________________ 1

16 4 3 - 15 t 9

1 E x clu d es l im ite d -p r ic e v a r ie ty s t o r e s . E stim a tes a re not co m p a ra b le with those pu b lish ed in the p rev iou s bulletins due to d iffe re n ce s in the m eth od o f c la s s i fy in g c e r ta in o ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p s .2 In clu des data for r e a l estate in add ition to those in du stry d iv is io n s show n se p a ra te ly .3 U nduplicated total o f w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g s ick leave o r s ick n e s s and a cc id en t in su ra n ce show n se p a ra te ly b e lo w .4 L im ited to a few la rg e e s ta b lish m e n ts .t L e s s than 2. 5 p e r ce n t . O ccu p ation a l vVage S u rvey , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , N o v e m b e r 1955* T ra n sp orta tion (exclu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , com m u n ica tion , and oth er pu b lic u t ilit ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R** F in a n ce , in su ra n ce , and rea l e s ta te . B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta t is tics


Appendix* Job Descriptions21

The prim ary purpose of preparing job descrip tion s fo r the B ureau s wage surveys is to a s s is t its fie ld staff in classify ing into appropriate occupations w ork ers who are em ployed under a variety of p ayroll titles and different w ork arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area . This is essentia l in ord er to p erm it the grouping of occupational wage rates representing com parable job content. B ecause o f this em phasis on inter establishm ent and in terarea com parability of occupational content, the B ureau s job d escrip tion s m ay d iffer s ig n ificantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared fo r other p u rp oses . In applying these job descrip tion s, the B ureau 's fie ld represen tatives are instructed to exclude w ork ing su perv isor^ , apprentices, lea rn ers , beg inners, tra in ees, handicapped w ork ers , p a rt-t im e , tem porary , a^ nd probationary w ork ers .

O f f i c e

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR - ContinuedB ILL E R , MACHINE

P rep a res statem ents, b ills , and invoices on a m achine other than an ord in ary or e lectrom a tic typew riter. May a lso keep re cord s as to b illings or shipping charges or p erform other c le r ica l w ork in cidental to billing op era tion s. F or wage study pu rposes, b ille rs , m ach ine, a re c la s s ifie d by type of m achine, as fo llow s:

B ille r , m achine (billing m ach ine) - Uses a sp ecia l b illing m achine (M oon H opkins, E lliott F ish er, B urroughs, etc . , which are com bination typing and adding m achines) to prepare b ills and in vo ices from cu s to m e rs ' purchase o rd ers , internally prepared o rd e rs , shipping m em oranda, etc. Usually involves application o f predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of n e ce ssa ry exten sion s, which m ay or m ay not be com puted on the billing m ach ine, and totals which are autom atically accum ulated by m ach ine. The operation usually involves a large num ber of carbon cop ies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold m ach ine.

B ille r , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) - Uses a bookkeeping m achine (Sundstrand, E lliott F ish er, Remington Rand, e tc . , which m ay or m ay not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare cu stom ers ' b ills as part o f the accounts rece ivab le operation. G enerally involves the sim ultaneous entry o f figures on cu stom ers ' ledger re co rd . The m achine autom atically accum ulates figures on a num ber o f v e r t ica l colum ns and com putes and usually prints autom atica lly the debit o r cred it balances. Does not involve a knowledge o f bookkeeping. W orks from uniform and standard types of sa les and cre d it s lip s .

BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE OPERATOR

O perates a bookkeeping m achine (Remington Rand, E lliott F ish e r , Sundstrand, B urroughs, National Cash R egister , with o r w ithout a typew riter keyboard) to keep a re co rd of business transactions.

C lass A - Keeps a set of re cord s requ iring a knowledge o f and experien ce in ba sic bookkeeping p rin cip les and fam ilia rity with the structure of the particu lar accounting system used. D eterm ines p rop er re cord s and distribution of debit and cred it item s to be used in each phase of the w ork . M ay prepare consolidated rep orts , balance sheets, and other re co rd s by hand.

C lass B - Keeps a re co rd of one or m ore phases or sections o f a set of re co rd s usually requ iring little knowledge of basic book keeping. P hases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, cu s to m e rs ' accounts (not including a sim ple type o f b illing d escribed under b ille r , m ach ine), cost d istribution , expense distribution, in ventory con tro l, e tc . M ay check or a ss is t in preparation o f tria l balances and p repare con tro l sheets fo r the accounting departm ent.

CLERK , ACCOUNTINGC lass A - Under general d irection of a bookkeeper or accou nt

ant, has resp on sib ility fo r keeping one or m ore sections of a c o m plete set o f books or re co rd s relating to one phase of an estab lish m en t's business tran sactions. W ork involves posting and balancing su bsid iary ledger o r ledgers such as accounts rece ivab le or a c counts payable; exam ining and coding in voices or vouchers with p rop er accounting distribution; requ ires judgm ent and experience in making p rop er assignations and a lloca tion s . May a ss is t in p reparing , adjusting, and closin g journal en tries; m ay d irect c la ss B accounting c le rk s .

C lass B - Under su perv ision , p erform s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting s im ple journal vou chers, accounts payable v ou ch ers ; entering vouchers in voucher reg is ters ; recon cilin g bank accounts; posting subsid iary ledgers con trolled by general led g ers . This job does not requ ire a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping p rin cip les but is found in o ffices in which the m ore routine accounting w ork is subdivided on a functional basis am ong severa l w ork ers .


22

CLERK, FILE

Class A - R esponsib le fo r maintaining an established filing system . C la ss ifies and indexes corresp on d en ce or other m ateria l; m ay a lso file this m ateria l. May keep re co rd s o f various types in conjunction with files or superv ise others in filing and locating m ateria l in the f i le s . M ay p erform incidental c le r ic a l duties.

C lass B - P erfo rm s routine filing , usually of m ateria l that has a lready been c la ss ifie d , or locates or a ss is ts in locating m a teria l in the f i le s . May p erform incidental c le r ic a l duties.

CLERK, ORDER

R ece ives cu s to m e rs o rd ers fo r m ateria l o r m erchandise by m ail, phone, or p erson a lly . Duties involve any com bination of the follow ing: Quoting p r ices to cu stom ers ; making out an ord er sheetlisting the item s to make up the o rd er ; checking p r ice s and quantities of item s on ord er sheet; distributing ord er sheets to resp ective de partm ents to be filled . May check with cred it departm ent to d e te r m ine cred it rating of cu stom er, acknow ledge rece ip t o f o rd ers from cu stom ers, fo llow up ord ers to see that they have been filled , keep file of ord ers re ce iv ed , and ch eck shipping invoices with orig inal o rd ers .

CLERK, PA Y R O LL

Computes wages of com pany em ployees and enters the n e c e s sary data on the payro ll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w o r k e r s earnings based on tim e or production re co rd s ; posting ca lcu lated data on payroll sheet, showing in form ation such as w ork er 's nam e, w orking days, tim e, rate, deductions fo r insurance, and total wages due. M ay make out pay checks and a ss is t paym aster in making up and d is tributing pay en velopes. May use a calcu lating m achine.

COM PTOM ETER OPERATOR

P rim a ry duty is to operate a C om ptom eter to p er fo rm m athem atical com putations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of c le rk , which m ay involve frequent use of a C om ptom eter but, in which, use of this m achine is incidental to p erform an ce o f other duties.

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general superv ision and with no su p erv isory resp on s ib ilities , reproduces m ultiple cop ies of typew ritten or handwritten m atter, using a m im eograph or ditto m ach ine. Makes n ecessa ry ad justm ent such as fo r ink and paper feed counter and cy linder speed. Is not requ ired to prepare sten cil or ditto m a ster . M ay keep file o f used stencils or ditto m a sters . M ay sort, co lla te , and staple c o m pleted m ateria l.


KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR

Under general superv ision and with no su p erv iso ry r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s , record s accounting and sta tistica l data on tabulating cards by punching a ser ies of holes in the cards in a sp ec ified sequence, using an alphabetical o r a n u m erica l key-punch m ach ine, fo llow in g w ritten inform ation on re co rd s . M ay duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to m ach in e . K eeps file s o f punch ca rd s . May v e r ify own w ork or w ork o f o th ers .

OFFICE BOY OR GIRLP erform s various routine duties such as running erran d s,

operating m inor o ffice m achines such as sea le rs or m a ile r s , opening and distributing m ail, and other m in or c le r ic a l w ork .

SECRETARYP erform s secre ta r ia l and c le r ic a l duties fo r a su p erior in an

adm inistrative or executive p osition . Duties include m aking appointments fo r superior; rece iv in g peop le com ing into o ff ice ; answ ering and making phone ca lls ; handling p erson a l and im portant o r c o n fidential m ail, and w riting routine co rresp on d en ce on own in itiative; taking dictation (where tran scrib in g m achine is not used) e ither in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m ach ine, and tran scrib in g d ic ta tion or the recorded inform ation reprodu ced on a tran scrib in g m ach ine. May prepare specia l reports or m em oranda fo r in form ation of su p erio r .

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

P rim ary duty is to take d ictation from one or m ore p erson s , either in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m ach ine, involving a norm al routine vocabulary, and to tra n scr ib e this d ictation on a typew riter . May a lso type from w ritten cop y . M ay a lso set up and keep file s in o rd er , keep sim ple r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not include tran - scrib in g -m ach in e w ork (see tra n scr ib in g -m a ch in e op era tor).

STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL

P rim ary duty is to take d ictation from one or m ore p erson s , either in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m ach ine, involving a varied techn ical or specia lized vocabu lary such as in lega l b r ie fs o r reports on scien tific resea rch and to tra n scr ib e this d ictation on a typew riter. May a lso type from w ritten cop y . M ay a lso set up and keep files in ord er, keep sim ple r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not include tran scrib in g-m ach in e w ork .

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a s in g le - or m u ltip le -p os ition telephone sw itchboard . Duties involve handling incom ing, outgoing, and intraplant o r o ffice ca lls . May re cord toll ca lls and take m e ssa g e s . M ay give in fo r m ation to persons who ca ll in, o r o cca s io n a lly take telephone o rd e rs . F or w orkers who a lso act as recep tion ists see sw itchboard o p e ra to r - recep tion ist.


SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST

In addition to p erform in g duties o f operator, on a single p o s i tion or m on itor-typ e sw itchboard , acts as reception ist and m ay a lso type or p erfo rm routine c le r ic a l w ork as part o f regular duties. This typing or c le r ic a l w ork m ay take the m ajor part of this w o rk e r 's tim e while at sw itchboard .

TABULATIN G-M ACHINE OPERATOR

Operates m achine that autom atically analyzes and translates in form ation punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints tra n slated data on fo rm s or accounting re cord s ; sets or adjusts m achine; does sim ple w irin g of plugboards accord in g to established p ra ctice or d iagram s; p la ces cards to be tabulated in feed m agazine and starts m ach ine. M ay file cards a fter they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate au xiliary m ach in es.

TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

P rim a ry duty is to tran scribe dictation involving a norm al routine vocabu lary from transcrib ing m achine re co rd s . May a lso type from w ritten copy and do sim ple c le r ica l w ork. W orkers tran scr ib in g dictation involving a varied technical or sp ecia lized vocabu la ry such as lega l b r ie fs o r reports on scien tific resea rch are not

P r o f e s s i o n a l

DRAFTSM AN , JUNIOR

(A ssistant draftsm an)

Draws to sca le units o r parts of drawings prepared by d ra fts m an or others fo r engineering, construction, or m anufacturing p u r p o se s . Uses variou s types o f drafting tools as requ ired . May p r e pare drawings from sim ple plans or sketches, or p erform other duties under d irection o f a draftsm an.

DRAFTSM AN, LEAD ER

Plans and d ire cts activ ities o f one or m ore draftsm en in p reparation o f w orking plans and detail drawings from rough or p r e lim in ary sketches fo r engineering, construction , or m anufacturing p u rp oses . Duties involve a com bination of the fo llow in g : Interpreting b lueprin ts, sk etch es, and w ritten or verbal orders ; determ ining w ork p roced u res ; assign ing duties to subordinates and inspecting their w ork; p erform in g m ore d ifficu lt p rob lem s. May a ss is t subordinates during


23

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL - Continued

included. A w orker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m achine is c la ss ifie d as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

Uses a typew riter to make cop ies o f various m ateria l or to make out b ills a fter calcu lations have been m ade by another person . May do c le r ic a l w ork involving little sp ecia l training, such as keeping sim ple r e co rd s , filing re co rd s and reports or sorting and d is tributing incom ing m a il.

C lass A - P er fo rm s one or m ore o f the fo llow ing: Typingm ateria l in fina l form from very rough and involved draft; cop y ing from plain o r co rre c te d copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of techn ical and unusual w ords or from fore ign - language copy; com bining m ateria l from severa l sou rces , or planning layout of com plicated statistica l tables to maintain uniform ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final fo rm . May type routine form le tters , varying details to suit c ircu m sta n ces .

C lass B - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the fo llow in g : Typingfrom rela tive ly c lear or typed drafts; routine typing of fo rm s , insurance p o lic ie s , e t c . ; setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying m ore com plex tables a lready set up and spaced p rop erly .

a n d T e c h n i c a l

DRAFTSM AN, LEADER - Continued

em ergen cies or as a regu lar assignm ent, or p erform related duties of a su p erv isory or adm inistrative nature.

DRAFTSM AN, SENIOR

P rep ares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches fo r engineering, construction , or m anufacturing pu rp oses. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llow ing : P reparin g w orking p la n s , detail draw ings, m aps, c r o s s -s e c t io n s , etc ., to sca le by use o f drafting instrum ents; making engineering com putations such as those involved in strength of m ateria ls , beam s and tru sses ; verify ing com pleted w ork , checking dim ensions, m ateria ls to be used, and quantities; w riting sp ecifica tion s ; making adjustm ents or changes in drawings or sp ec ifica tion s . May ink in lines and letters on pen cil draw ings, p repare detail units of com plete drawings, or trace draw ings. W ork is frequently in a sp ecia lized fie ld such as a rch itectu ra l, e le c tr ica l, m echan ica l, or structural drafting.


24

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

A reg is tered nurse who gives nursing se rv ice to ill or in jured em ployees o r other person s who becom e il l o r su ffer an accident on the prem is'es o f a fa cto ry or other establishm ent. Duties, involve a com bination o f the fo llow in g : Giving fir s t aid to the ill or in jured;attending to subsequent d ress in g o f em ployees* in ju ries ; keeping re co rd s o f patients treated; preparing acciden t reports fo r com pensation or other pu rposes; conducting ph ysica l exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees ; and planning and carry in g out p rogram s involving health education, acciden t prevention , evaluation of plant

M a i n t e n a n c e a i

CARPEN TER, MAINTENANCE

P erfo rm s the carpen try duties n e ce ssa ry to construct and maintain in good rep a ir building w oodw ork and equipment such as bins, c r ib s , cou nters, benches, partition s, d o o rs , f lo o r s , s ta irs , casin gs, and trim made o f w ood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow in g : Planning and laying out o f w ork from blueprints, draw ings, m od els , or verba l instructions; using a variety of ca rp en ter 's handtools, portable pow er too ls , and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of w ork; selecting m ateria ls n ecessa ry fo r the w ork . In general, the w ork of the m aintenance carpenter requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually acqu ired through a fo rm a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent tra in ing and exp erien ce .

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

P erfo rm s a variety o f e le c tr ica l trade functions such as the installation, m aintenance, or repa ir o f equipment fo r the generating, distribution, or utilization o f e le c tr ic energy in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow in g : Installing dr repairing any ofa variety of e le c tr ica l equipment such as gen era tors , tra n sfo rm ers , sw itchboards, co n tro lle rs , c ircu it b rea k ers , m otors , heating units, conduit system s, or other tran sm ission equipm ent; w orking from b lu eprints, draw ings, layout, or other sp ec ifica tion s ; locating and d iag nosing trouble in the e le c tr ica l system or equipment; w orking standard com putations relating to load requ irem ents o f w iring o r e le c tr ica l equipment; using a variety o f e le c tr ic ia n 's handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In general, the w ork of the m aintenance e lectr ic ia n requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually a c quired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued

environm ent, or other activ ities a ffecting the health, w e lfa re , and safety of a ll personnel.

TRACER

Copies plans and drawings p repared by oth ers, by p lacing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pen cil. Uses T -sq u a re , com pass, and other drafting too ls . M ay p rep are sim ple drawings and do sim ple letterin g .

id P o w e r p l a n t

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and m ay a lso su perv ise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echan ica l or e le c tr ica l) to supply the establishm ent in which em ployed with pow er, heat, r e fr ig e r a tion, o r a ir-cond ition in g . W ork in volves: O perating and m aintaining equipment such as steam engines, a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , gen era tors , m o to rs , turbines, ventilating and re fr igera tin g equipm ent, steam b o ile rs and b o ile r -fe d water pumps; m aking equipm ent rep a irs ; keeping a re co rd of operation of m ach inery, tem perature , and fuel con su m ption. M ay a lso supervise these opera tion s. Head or ch ie f engineers in establishm ents em ploying m ore than one engineer a re exclu ded .

FIREM AN, STATIONARY BOILER

F ires stationary bo ilers to furnish the establishm ent in which em ployed with heat, pow er, or steam . F eeds fuels to fir e by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or o il burner; checks w ater and safety valves. May clean, o il, or* a s s is t in repairing b o ile r - room equipment.

H ELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE

A ssists one or m ore w ork ers in the sk illed m aintenance trades, by perform ing sp ecific or general duties o f le s s e r sk ill, such as keeping a w orker supplied with m ateria ls and too ls ; cleaning w o rk ing area , m achine, and equipment; a ss istin g w ork er by holding m a teria ls o r tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as d irected by jo u r neyman. The kind of w ork the h elper is perm itted to p er fo rm varies from trade to trade: In som e trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding m ateria ls and tools and cleaning w orking areas; and in others he is perm itted to p er fo rm sp ecia lized m achine operations, or parts o f a trade that a re a lso p erform ed by w ork ers on a fu ll-tim e ' basis .


MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

S p ecia lizes in the operation of one or m ore types of m achine too ls , such as jig b o r e r s , cy lindrica l or surface g rin ders, engine lathes, or m illin g m ach ines in the construction of m ach ine-shop too ls , gauges, j ig s , fix tu res , or d ies. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow in g : Planning and p erform in g d ifficu lt machining operations; p ro cess in g item s requ iring com plica ted setups or a high degree of a ccu racy ; using a variety o f p re c is io n m easuring instrum ents; selecting feed s , speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making n ecessa ry ad ju stm ents during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or d im ensions. M ay be requ ired to recog n ize when tools need dressin g , to d ress too ls , and to se le c t p rop er coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . F or c ro s s -in d u s try wage study purposes , m ach in e-too l o p e ra to rs , too lroom , in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this c la ss ifica tion .

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

P rod u ces rep lacem ent parts and new parts in making repa irs o f m etal parts o f m ech an ica l equipment operated in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow ing: Interpreting written in stru ctions and sp ecifica tion s ; planning ana laying out o f w ork; using a v a rie ty of m a ch in is t s handtools and p rec is ion m easuring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard m achine too ls ; shaping of m etal parts t.o c lo s e to lera n ces ; making standard shop com putations re la ting to d im ensions o f w ork , tooling, feeds and speeds of m achining; knowledge o f the w orking prop erties o f the com m on m etals; selecting standard m a ter ia ls , p arts , and equipment required fo r his work; fitting and assem blin g parts into m echanical equipment. In general, the m a ch in is t s w ork n orm ally requ ires a rounded training in m ach ine- shop p ra ctice usually acqu ired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce .

MECHANIC, AUTOM OTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

R epairs au tom obiles , buses, m otortru cks, and tractors of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow in g : Exam ining autom otive equipm ent to diagnose sou rce of trouble; d isassem bling equipment and p erform in g repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w ren ch es , gauges, d r ills , or specia lized equipment in d is assem blin g or fitting parts ; replacing broken or defective parts from stock ; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various a ssem b lie s in the veh icle and making n ecessa ry adjustm ents; alining w h eels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts . In general, the w ork o f the autom otive m echanic requ ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a form a l ap p ren tice ship or equivalent training and experien ce .


25

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

R epairs m ach inery or m echanical equipment o f an establish m ent. W ork involves m ost of the fo llow in g : Examining m achinesand m echan ica l equipment to diagnose sou rce of trouble; dism antling or partly dism antling m achines and perform in g repairs that m ainly involve the use of handtools in scrap ing and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a rep lacem ent part by a m achine shop or sending of the m achine to a m achine shop fo r m a jor rep a irs ; preparing written specifica tions fo r m a jor repairs or fo r the production of parts ordered from m achine shop; reassem blin g m ach ines; and making a ll n ecessary adjustm ents fo r operation. In general, the w ork of a maintenance m echanic requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this c la ss ifica tion are w orkers w hose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting m ach ines.

MILLWRIGHT

Installs new m achines or heavy equipment and dism antles and installs m achines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay out are requ ired . W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow ing: Planning and laying out of the w ork; interpreting blueprints or other specifica tions; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop co m putations relating to s tre s s e s , strength of m ateria ls , and centers of gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard too ls , equipment, and p

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