Blood Type (ABO). The Function of Antibodies Our bodies make antibodies to protect us from...
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Transcript of Blood Type (ABO). The Function of Antibodies Our bodies make antibodies to protect us from...
The Function of Antibodies
• Our bodies make antibodies to protect us from “foreign” molecular species.
• Persons with A-antigens produce B-antibodies (Anti-B) but not A-antibodies (Anti-A) since A-antigens are natural in their system.
The Function of Antibodies
• Likewise, persons with B-antigens produce A-antibodies (Anti-A) but not B-antibodies (Anti-B) since B-antigens are natural in their system.
The Function of Antibodies
• Persons with A-antigens and B-antigens do not produce A-antibodies (Anti-A) nor B-antibodies (Anti-B) since both occur naturally in their system.
Agglutination
• The clumping process that takes place when RBCs containing a particular antigen (A or B) are mixed with serum containing the antibody specific for that antigen.
• The serum containing the antibody is called antiserum.
Blood Types and Serum Antibodies
Blood Type
Antigens on RBC
Antibodies in Serum
A A Anti-B
B B Anti-A
AB AB Neither anti-A or anti-B
O Neither A nor B
Both anti-A and anti-B
Other RBC Antigens• There are more than 15 known RBC antigens
systems.
• The A-B-O system is commonly used in blood typing.
• The Rh system is also used for blood types.
The Rh System• Based on the Rh factor or D antigen.
• A person whose RBCs have the D antigen is said to be Rh positive.
• Likewise, a person whose RBCs do not have the D antigen is said to be Rh negative.
Identification of Blood with Known Antiserum
Anti-A Serum +
Whole Blood
Anti-B Serum +
Whole Blood
Antigen Present
Blood Type
+ - A A- + B B+ + A and B AB- - Neither
A nor BO
+ shows agglutination; - shows absence of agglutination.
Identification of Blood with Known Cells
A Cells +
Blood
B Cells +
Blood
Antibody Present Blood Type
+ - Anti-A B- + Anti-B A+ + Anti-A and Anti-B O- - Neither Anti-A
nor Anti-BAB
+ shows agglutination; - shows absence of agglutination.