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Common Laboratory Blood Tests

CBC• Complete blood count

• With or without differential• Peripheral venous blood is collected in a lavendar tube (contains

the anticoagulant EDTA) and should be thoroughly mixed• Unacceptable specimen:

• Clotted or greater than 48 hours old• Methodology of testing:

• Whole blood analyzer• How often is the test available for hospitalized patients?

• 7 days/week (24/7)

What is measured?Red blood cell data

Total red blood cell count (RBC)Hemoglobin (Hgb)Hematocrit (Hct)Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)

White blood cell dataTotal white blood cell (leukocyte) count (WBC)A white blood cell count differential may also be ordered

Platelet Count (PLT)

Total Red Blood Cell Count

Count of the number of circulating red blood cells in 1mm3 of peripheral venous blood

Normal RBC range is: Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter (cells/mcL) Female: 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL.

Hgb

A low hemoglobin count is a below-average concentration of the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin proteins in your blood. A low hemoglobincount is generally defined as less than 13.5 grams of hemoglobin per deciliter (135 grams per liter) of blood for men and less than 12 grams per deciliter (120 grams per liter) for women

For men, 13.5 to 17.5 grams per deciliter. For women, 12.0 to 15.5 grams per deciliter. Normal ranges for children vary with age and sex. The range for a normal hemoglobin level may differ from one medical practice to another.

Hct

The hematocrit blood test determines the percentage of red blood cells (RBC's) in the blood.Blood is composed mainly of red blood cells and white blood cells suspended in an almost clear fluid called serum. The hematocrit test indicates the percentage of blood by volume that is composed of red blood cells.Results from your hematocrit are reported as the percentage of blood cells that are red blood cells. The normal range is 38.8 to 50 percent for men and 34.9 to 44.5 percent for women. The normal range for children 15 years of age and younger varies by age and sex

MCV

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) laboratory test, as part of a standard complete blood count (CBC), is used along with other RBC indices (MCH and MCHC) to help classify the cause of anemia based on red cell morphology

Mean cell volume (MCV) - guideline normal values: 77-95 fL. This is a good starting point for the evaluation of anaemia and usefully classifies anaemia into macrocytic and microcytic anaemias. Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) - guideline normal values: 27.0-32.0 pg

RDW

Red cell distribution width (RDW) laboratorytest is a part of a standard complete bloodcount (CBC), and it is used along with other RBC indices, especially mean corpuscular volume (MCV) to help determine the causes of anemia.

Higher RDW values indicate greater variation in size. Normal reference range of RDW-CV in human red blood cells is 11.5-14.5%. If anemia is observed, RDW test results are often used together with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) results to determine the possible causes of the anemia

WBC

White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes, are an important part of the immune system. These cells help fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs that invade the body. White blood cells originate in the bone marrow, but circulate throughout the bloodstream.

The normal range for the white blood cell count varies between laboratories but is usually between 4,300 and 10,800 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. This can also be referred to as the leukocyte count and can be expressed in international units as4.3 - 10.8 x 109 cells per liter.

PLT

A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Having more than 450,000 platelets is a condition called thrombocytosis; having less than 150,000 is known as thrombocytopenia. You get your platelet number from a routine blood test called a complete blood count (CBC).

A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Having more than 450,000 platelets is a condition called thrombocytosis; having less than 150,000 is known as thrombocytopenia. You get your platelet number from a routine blood test called a complete blood count (CBC).

PT test

Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures how long it takes blood to clot. A prothrombin time test can be used to check for bleeding problems. PT is also used to check whether medicine to prevent blood clots is working. A PT test may also be called an INR test

Normal Lab Values

PTT test

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes your blood to clot. A PTT test can be used to check for bleeding problems. Blood clotting factors are needed for blood to clot (coagulation).

INR

A blood test is needed to determine the effect of warfarin for each person and this is measured as the International Normalised Ratio or INR. The INR is a measure of how long it takes for blood to clot. The INR for a person not taking warfarin is 1

Test Abbreviation Normal Ranges

Prothrombin time PT 11-14 seconds

Partial thromboplastin time PTT 25-35 seconds

International normalized ratio INR 0.8 to 1.2

BT

Bleeding time is a medical test done on someone to assess their platelets function. It involves making a patient bleed then timing how long it takes for them to stop bleeding. The term template bleeding time is used when the test is performed to standardized parameters.

The bleeding time can be abnormal when the platelet count is low or the platelets are dysfunctional.

FBS

Fasting blood sugar (FBS) measures blood glucose after you have not eaten for at least 8 hours. It is often the first test done to check for prediabetes and diabetes. 2-hour postprandial blood sugar measures blood glucose exactly 2 hours after you start eating a meal.

The results of a fasting test with respect to glucose levels in the body are as follows: Normal: 3.9 to 5.5 mmols/l (70 to 100 mg/dl) Prediabetes or Impaired Glucose Tolerance: 5.6 to 7.0 mmol/l (101 to 126 mg/dl) Diagnosis of diabetes: more than 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl)

Cr

A creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood.Creatinine is a waste product that forms when creatine breaks down.Creatine is a substance found in muscle. Creatinine levels help determine how well your kidneys function

Normal levels of creatinine in the blood are approximately 0.6 to 1.2 milligrams (mg) per deciliter (dL) in adult males and 0.5 to 1.1 milligrams per deciliter in adult females.

Na

Sodium is a mineral essential to your body. It is also referred to as Na+ or natrium. Sodium is particularly important for nerve and muscle function. Your body keeps sodium in balance through a variety of mechanisms.

Ca

A blood calcium test is ordered to screen for, diagnose, and monitor a range of conditions relating to the bones, heart, nerves, kidneys, and teeth. The test may also be ordered if a person has symptoms of aparathyroid disorder, malabsorption, or an overactivethyroid.

The corrected total serum calcium concentration is normally 8.5-10.2 mg/dL, but there is no sure means of predicting the serum calcium level, for either hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia, at which symptoms will occur

urea

A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test checks kidney function by measuring how much urea nitrogen is in your blood. Urea nitrogen is a waste product from the breakdown of protein in the body. Normally, this waste is filtered by the kidneys and leaves the body through urine

In general, 7 to 20 mg/dL (2.5 to 7.1 mmol/L) is considered normal. But normal ranges may vary, depending on the reference range used by the lab, and your age. Ask your doctor to explain your results. Urea nitrogen levels tend to increase with age.

Blood group test

Blood type tests are done before a person gets a blood transfusion and to check a pregnant woman's blood type. Human blood is typed by certain markers (called antigens) on the surface of red blood cells. Blood type may also be done to see if two people are likely to be blood relatives.The most important antigens are blood group antigens (ABO) and the Rh antigen, which is either present (positive, +) or absent (negative, -). So the two most common blood type tests are the ABO and Rh tests.ABO test

ABO testThe ABO test shows that people have one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. If your red blood cells have:The A antigen, you have type A blood. The liquid portion of your blood (plasma) has antibodies that attack type B blood. About 42% of people (42 in 100) in the United States have type A blood, with 6% having A-negative (A-) blood and 36% having A-positive (A+) blood.1

The B antigen, you have type B blood. Your plasma has antibodies that attack type A blood. About 10% of people (10 in 100) in the U.S. have type B blood, with 2% having B-negative (B-) blood and 8% having B-positive (B+) blood.1

Neither the A nor B antigen, you have type O blood. Your plasma has antibodies that attack both type A and type B blood. About 44% of people (44 in 100) in the U.S. have type O blood, with 7% having O-negative (O-) blood and 37% having O-positive (O+) blood.1

Both the A and B antigens, you have type AB blood. Your plasma does not have antibodies against type A or type B blood. About 4% of people (4 in 100) in the U.S. have type AB blood, with 1% having AB-negative (AB-) blood and 3% having AB-positive (AB+) blood

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