BLOOD. Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body Only fluid tissue in...
-
Upload
brice-sharp -
Category
Documents
-
view
235 -
download
0
description
Transcript of BLOOD. Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body Only fluid tissue in...
BLOOD
Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body
Only fluid tissue in human body
Hematophobia= fear of blood
Hematocrit - volume of blood cells in a sample, should be 45%. The remaining fluid is plasma (55%). To determine the percentages, blood is placed in a centrifuge
Three Types of Blood Cells red blood cells (erythrocytes)white blood cells (leukocytes)platelets (thrombocytes)
Biconcave discs5 million per cubic millimeterLack nuclei
HEMATOPOEISIS – formation of blood cells (bone marrow)
Liver & Spleen - phagocytosis
Elements Critical to RBC Production
• Folic Acid• Vitamin B12• Iron
• Too few RBC = anemia
Oxygen Levels
Oxyhemoglobin = plenty of oxygen; bright red
Deoxyhemoglobin = low in O2, “bluish red”
WHITE BLOOD CELLS(Leukocytes)
• General function is to protect the body against disease
• There are several different kinds of WBCs
Granulocytes (granular cytoplasm) Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Agranulocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm)Monocytes, Lymphocytes
Neutrophil (nucleus has several lobes)
Active phagocytes60% of WBC
Present in the pus of wounds
Basophil Produces Heparin and Histamines
Important in Inflammatory Reaction
1% WBC
Eosinophil
Mainly attack parasites2% WBC
Monocyte (larger cell, horseshoe shaped nucleus)
Become macro-phages
Lymphocyte(nucleus is dark and takes up almost whole cell; almost no cytoplasm seen)
Defense against invaders
Yield Antibodies30% WBC
Left: Lymphoctye | Right: Neutrophil
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Blood clots and vessel repair
Plasma Proteins
• Albumins – blood pressure• Globulins (alpha, beta, gamma) – transport
lipids and antibodies for immunity• Fibrinogen – important for blood clotting
Fibrogen • Fibrin
PLASMA
This machine removes the plasma from the blood and returns the RBC’s to the donor.
HEMOSTASIS
The process of stopping bleedingInvolves the coagulation and clotting of the
blood to seal the site of damage
1. Blood Vessel Spasm2. Platelet plug3. Blood coagulation
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
*thrombin is an enzyme that causes the conversion
Hemostasis
• THROMBUS – blood clot (abnormal)
• EMBOLUS – when the clot moves to another place.