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Transcript of Blood
BloodBlood
Anatomy Ch. 12Anatomy Ch. 12
Average adult has 5L of bloodAverage adult has 5L of blood
Cells form mostly in bone marrowCells form mostly in bone marrow
Fig 12.1Fig 12.1 http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hswhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw
/5953-blood-a-comparison-of-blood-c/5953-blood-a-comparison-of-blood-cells-video.htmells-video.htm
Blood compositionBlood composition
A sample is 45% cells:A sample is 45% cells:– Mostly red blood cellsMostly red blood cells– Some white bc and plateletsSome white bc and platelets
55% is plasma, a clearish liquid55% is plasma, a clearish liquid– Complex mixture of water, amino acids, Complex mixture of water, amino acids,
proteins, carbs, electrolytes and wastesproteins, carbs, electrolytes and wastes
Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells
ErythrocytesErythrocytes
The shape (biconcave disks) increases The shape (biconcave disks) increases surface area where gases can diffusesurface area where gases can diffuse
Each rbc is 1/3 hemoglobin (by volume)Each rbc is 1/3 hemoglobin (by volume)
Do not have nuclei, so they can’t divide Do not have nuclei, so they can’t divide or make proteins; gives them more or make proteins; gives them more space for hemoglobin.space for hemoglobin.
Tastes like chickenTastes like chicken
Blood colorBlood color
Color comes from hemoglobin (iron)Color comes from hemoglobin (iron)
When it combines with OWhen it combines with O22, it turns , it turns bright red, and when it releases it, bright red, and when it releases it, turns darker.turns darker.
# of rbc determines oxygen-carrying # of rbc determines oxygen-carrying capacitycapacity
Athletes have higher levelsAthletes have higher levels
Men- ~5.5 million per mm3Men- ~5.5 million per mm3 Women- ~5 million per mm3Women- ~5 million per mm3
superman superman vsvs doomsday - Google Video doomsday - Google Video
RBCsRBCs
Avg lifespan is 4 monthsAvg lifespan is 4 months
In high altitudes, more rbcs are In high altitudes, more rbcs are formedformed
Fig. 12.3Fig. 12.3
Vitamin BVitamin B1212 and folic acid influence and folic acid influence rbc productionrbc production
Iron is requiredIron is required
AnemiaAnemia
Too little Too little hemoglobin or hemoglobin or rbc’srbc’s
Appear paleAppear pale and lackand lack energyenergy
AnemiaAnemia
White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells
LeukocytesLeukocytes
Protects against Protects against disease and disease and infectionsinfections
white blood cells - white blood cells - Google VideoGoogle Video
5 types of wbc (Table 12.1)5 types of wbc (Table 12.1)
1. Neutrophils: eats small particles1. Neutrophils: eats small particles
2. Eosinophils: kills parasites, 2. Eosinophils: kills parasites, controls inflammationcontrols inflammation
3. Basophils: releases heparin and 3. Basophils: releases heparin and histaminehistamine
Wbc’s cont.Wbc’s cont.
4. Monocyte: eats 4. Monocyte: eats larger particleslarger particles
5. Lymphocyte: 5. Lymphocyte: provides immunityprovides immunity
WBC countsWBC counts
Usu. 5000-10,000 per cubic mLUsu. 5000-10,000 per cubic mL
Changes in response to Changes in response to infection/sicknessinfection/sickness
Functions of WBCFunctions of WBC
Make antibodies Make antibodies that destroy or that destroy or disable foreign disable foreign particlesparticles
Can leave blood Can leave blood stream to fight stream to fight infectionsinfections
LeukemiaLeukemia
Too many WBCs and too few RBCsToo many WBCs and too few RBCs
Cancer of the blood Cancer of the blood
Different types of leukemiaDifferent types of leukemia
With treatment, 50-80% of patients With treatment, 50-80% of patients enter remissionenter remission
PlateletsPlatelets
ThrombocytesThrombocytes
Fragments of large Fragments of large blood cells in red blood cells in red bone marrowbone marrow
Lack nucleiLack nuclei
PlateletsPlatelets
They help close They help close breaks in vesselsbreaks in vessels
Help form scabs Help form scabs and initiate clotsand initiate clots
Blood PlasmaBlood Plasma
About 92% water, About 92% water, straw colored liquidstraw colored liquid
Has 3 main Has 3 main proteins: albumin, proteins: albumin, globulin, and globulin, and fibrinoginfibrinogin
Table 12.2Table 12.2
Hemostasis-stopping Hemostasis-stopping bleedingbleeding
Platelets adhere to any rough Platelets adhere to any rough surface, collagen, and each othersurface, collagen, and each other
This forms a plug to stop small This forms a plug to stop small breaksbreaks
Larger breaks may require a clot Larger breaks may require a clot (Fig. 12.12)(Fig. 12.12)
CoagulationCoagulation
Causes a blood to clotCauses a blood to clot Anticoagulants-keep it from clottingAnticoagulants-keep it from clotting
Most clots disappear with time (will Most clots disappear with time (will dissolve in moving blood)dissolve in moving blood)
Blood groupsBlood groups
Surface molecules-antigensSurface molecules-antigens
Proteins-antibodiesProteins-antibodies
Everyone has either A, B, AB, or O Everyone has either A, B, AB, or O bloodblood
ABO blood groupABO blood group
Based on 2 major antigens: A and B, Based on 2 major antigens: A and B, on rbc membraneson rbc membranes
Type A person has only A antigenType A person has only A antigen AB person has both antigensAB person has both antigens O person has neither antigenO person has neither antigen
Table 12.4Table 12.4
Blood typeBlood type AntigenAntigen AntibodyAntibody
AA AA Anti-BAnti-B BB BB Anti-BAnti-B ABAB A and BA and B Neither Neither
anti-A anti-A nor nor anti-Banti-B
OO NeitherNeither BothBoth
Therefore:Therefore:
An antibody of one type will react An antibody of one type will react with an antigen of the same type, with an antigen of the same type, and and clumpclump, which is bad, which is bad
This is why someone w/ type A blood This is why someone w/ type A blood can’t receive type B or AB bloodcan’t receive type B or AB blood
Giving blood (Table 12.5)Giving blood (Table 12.5)
Since type AB lacks both antibodies, Since type AB lacks both antibodies, they can receive any blood typethey can receive any blood type
AB people are AB people are universal recipientsuniversal recipients
Type O lacks antigens A and B, so it Type O lacks antigens A and B, so it can be transferred to anyone. can be transferred to anyone.
Type O people are Type O people are universal donorsuniversal donors
Rh factorRh factor
Rh antigens named after rhesus Rh antigens named after rhesus monkey (1monkey (1stst studied in them) studied in them)
It is an antigenIt is an antigen + if it has it+ if it has it - if not- if not
HemophiliaHemophilia
Blood doesn’t clot normally (missing Blood doesn’t clot normally (missing a protein)a protein)
Is genetic, and usually only occurs in Is genetic, and usually only occurs in malesmales