BloodBlood Liquid medium that transports materialLiquid medium that transports material Consists of:Consists of:

Plasma: nonliving part of blood (90% water) Plasma: nonliving part of blood (90% water) which is involved in transport and regulating which is involved in transport and regulating body temperaturebody temperature

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells PlateletsPlatelets

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells

Made in bone marrowMade in bone marrow As RBC’s mature, they lose their nucleusAs RBC’s mature, they lose their nucleus

This gives the cells more room to carry This gives the cells more room to carry hemoglobin.hemoglobin.

HemoglobinHemoglobin HemoglobinHemoglobin

carries oxygen carries oxygen to the body cells to the body cells and carries and carries carbon dioxide carbon dioxide to the lungs.to the lungs.

Hemoglobin is Hemoglobin is what makes what makes blood redblood red

Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Poisoning

Hemoglobin combines with carbon Hemoglobin combines with carbon monoxide instead of oxygen and monoxide instead of oxygen and your cells will not get oxygen.your cells will not get oxygen.

Involved in Involved in blood blood clottingclotting

Formed in Formed in bone marrowbone marrow

Fight InfectionFight Infection Increase in # when Increase in # when

antigens enter the body.antigens enter the body. Antigen – any foreign Antigen – any foreign

particle that enters the particle that enters the body (virus, bacteria, body (virus, bacteria, etc.)etc.)

Phagocytes: Phagocytes: engulf invadersengulf invaders

Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes: produce produce antibodiesantibodies

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__phagocytosis.html

Flag an invader for Flag an invader for killing by phagocytes killing by phagocytes or in some cases or in some cases neutralize the invader neutralize the invader itself.itself.

Antibodies are Antibodies are specific specific

AntibodiesAntibodies

Antibodies Antibodies bind to bind to specific specific antigens (the antigens (the outer coating outer coating of a foreign of a foreign substance)substance)

Defense system against Defense system against pathogens (invading organisms).pathogens (invading organisms).

Virus – nonliving Virus – nonliving microscopic microscopic particles that particles that invade organismsinvade organisms

Bacteria - single Bacteria - single celled celled microorganismsmicroorganisms

Results when the body is unable Results when the body is unable to maintain homeostasis.to maintain homeostasis.

Homeostasis – ability of an Homeostasis – ability of an organisms to maintain a organisms to maintain a constant internal environment constant internal environment regardless of the changing regardless of the changing external environment.external environment.

The immune responseThe immune response

SkinSkin Nose HairsNose Hairs Mucous Membranes (digestive Mucous Membranes (digestive

and respiratory tracts)and respiratory tracts) HCL (stomach)HCL (stomach)

Non-specific responseNon-specific response White Blood Cells White Blood Cells Phagocytes= engulf or ‘eat’ Phagocytes= engulf or ‘eat’

foreign particles (antigens)foreign particles (antigens)

http://http://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?watch?v=JnlULOjUhSQ&featv=JnlULOjUhSQ&feature=player_embeddeure=player_embeddedd

Inflammatory ResponseInflammatory Response Can occur from a cut, allergies, etc.Can occur from a cut, allergies, etc. WBCs go to the area, turning the affected WBCs go to the area, turning the affected

area red, swollen and warmarea red, swollen and warm Different WBCs perform different functionsDifferent WBCs perform different functions

Phagocytosis- eat the antigenPhagocytosis- eat the antigen Release enzymes to break down antigensRelease enzymes to break down antigens Release a chemical called histamineRelease a chemical called histamine

Histamine and allergiesHistamine and allergies Cause the blood vessels wider to Cause the blood vessels wider to

allow more blood flow to area.allow more blood flow to area. Histamine prompts tears and Histamine prompts tears and

runny noses (typical symptoms of runny noses (typical symptoms of a person with allergies)a person with allergies)

Taking antihistamines deactivates Taking antihistamines deactivates histamine (allergy medication)histamine (allergy medication)

33rdrd Line Line

SPECIFIC!SPECIFIC! Lymphocytes – T-Cells (mature in Lymphocytes – T-Cells (mature in

Thymus) and B-Cells (come from Thymus) and B-Cells (come from Bone marrow)Bone marrow)

B-cells and T-cellsB-cells and T-cells B-cells: Make antigen specific antibodies.B-cells: Make antigen specific antibodies.

The antibodies recognize and lock on to The antibodies recognize and lock on to the antigen (marks it)the antigen (marks it)

T-cells (killer T-cells) attack the antigen that T-cells (killer T-cells) attack the antigen that the b-cells have marked the b-cells have marked

Helper T-cells tell the T-cells where to go Helper T-cells tell the T-cells where to go and tell B-cells when to divide/start making and tell B-cells when to divide/start making antibodiesantibodies

Why can’t you get the chicken pox Why can’t you get the chicken pox virus twice?virus twice?

Occurs when the body makes its own Occurs when the body makes its own antibodies to a particular antigenantibodies to a particular antigen

Once your body produces antibodies to a Once your body produces antibodies to a particular disease the next time you are particular disease the next time you are exposed to the same disease you will already exposed to the same disease you will already have the antibodies stored so you will fight it off have the antibodies stored so you will fight it off faster.faster.

Stored as memory cellsStored as memory cells Example: Chicken PoxExample: Chicken Pox

Why do doctors inject you with a Why do doctors inject you with a small dose of a virus when they small dose of a virus when they give you a vaccination?give you a vaccination?

Vaccinations are an example of active Vaccinations are an example of active immunity.immunity.

Vaccinations are injections of a Vaccinations are injections of a weakened form of a particular pathogen.weakened form of a particular pathogen.

This injection stimulates antibody This injection stimulates antibody production which will provide active production which will provide active immunity if you are ever exposed to the immunity if you are ever exposed to the pathogen.pathogen.

Temporary immunity to a particular disease Temporary immunity to a particular disease produced by injection of antibodies into the produced by injection of antibodies into the body. (ie: antibiotics)body. (ie: antibiotics)

These antibodies are obtained from other These antibodies are obtained from other people or animals. (ex: breast feeding people or animals. (ex: breast feeding babies)babies)

This is only temporary immunityThis is only temporary immunity

3 Types: A, B, O3 Types: A, B, O The difference is the presence or absence The difference is the presence or absence

of particular antigens on the RBC’s surfaceof particular antigens on the RBC’s surface If a person is given the wrong blood type If a person is given the wrong blood type

the body recognizes it as foreign and will the body recognizes it as foreign and will produce antibodies to fight it. This results produce antibodies to fight it. This results in the clumping of blood which will clog in the clumping of blood which will clog capillaries and result in death.capillaries and result in death.

TransplantsTransplants

Transplant rejection occurs Transplant rejection occurs when the body recognizes the when the body recognizes the organ as foreign and mounts an organ as foreign and mounts an immune response against it.immune response against it.

Immunosuppressant drugs – Immunosuppressant drugs – suppress the immune system so suppress the immune system so it does not attack the it does not attack the transplanted organ.transplanted organ.

AllergiesAllergies Allergy – the body does not Allergy – the body does not

recognize ordinary things like recognize ordinary things like pollen, shrimp, or peanuts and the pollen, shrimp, or peanuts and the immune system reacts.immune system reacts.

Blood WarsBlood Wars

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbQjcEZO0TA&feature=player_embev=NbQjcEZO0TA&feature=player_embeddeddded

http://vampirestudygroup.com/bloodwars/http://vampirestudygroup.com/bloodwars/

Body does not recognize self Body does not recognize self molecules and mounts an immune molecules and mounts an immune response against itself.response against itself.

Examples: Diabetes (attacks cells of Examples: Diabetes (attacks cells of pancreas), MS (attacks cells of the pancreas), MS (attacks cells of the nervous system), Lupus (cells attack nervous system), Lupus (cells attack normal tissue)normal tissue)

AnemiaAnemia a decrease in number of red blood a decrease in number of red blood

cells cells Poor quality of hemoglobinPoor quality of hemoglobin

Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle Cell Anemia A genetic disorder where the red A genetic disorder where the red

blood cells are sickle shaped.blood cells are sickle shaped. Can block blood flow in blood vesselsCan block blood flow in blood vessels

Rheumatoid ArthritisRheumatoid Arthritis

Immune system attacks bones and Immune system attacks bones and jointsjoints

HemophiliaHemophilia

Platelet DiseasePlatelet Disease Normal blood clotting can’t occurNormal blood clotting can’t occur

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0ZoEGnTAM0&feature=related

HIV (Human HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)Immunodeficiency Virus)

HIV specifically attacks WBC’s so it HIV specifically attacks WBC’s so it makes it difficult to fight off a common makes it difficult to fight off a common pathogen.pathogen.

HIV becomes AIDS when the WBC HIV becomes AIDS when the WBC count falls below 200.count falls below 200.

HIV is transmitted through the HIV is transmitted through the exchanging of bodily fluidsexchanging of bodily fluids Unprotected sexUnprotected sex Blood (ex: injection drug use)Blood (ex: injection drug use)

Young people (under 25 years old) Young people (under 25 years old) account for half of all new HIV account for half of all new HIV infections worldwide.infections worldwide.

7000 people between the ages of 15– 7000 people between the ages of 15– 24 are infected with HIV daily.24 are infected with HIV daily.

Leukemia- cancer of the Leukemia- cancer of the blood/bone marrowblood/bone marrow

Bone marrow makes Bone marrow makes abnormal WBCsabnormal WBCs Grow faster than Grow faster than

normal cellsnormal cells Don’t stop growing Don’t stop growing

when supposed towhen supposed to

Over time, Leukemia Over time, Leukemia cells can crowd out cells can crowd out the normal cellsthe normal cells

What is the function of blood vessels?What is the function of blood vessels?

How are veins and arteries different?How are veins and arteries different?

What is your pulse?What is your pulse?

What is the function of capillaries?What is the function of capillaries?

ReviewReview

What is the difference between a What is the difference between a phagocyte and lymphocyte?phagocyte and lymphocyte?

Why can’t an antibody for the Why can’t an antibody for the chicken pox virus fight off the flu chicken pox virus fight off the flu virus?virus?

What is the blood composed of and what is the What is the blood composed of and what is the function of each component?function of each component?

What would happen to an individual if they did not What would happen to an individual if they did not have platelets?have platelets?

What do red blood cells transport?What do red blood cells transport?

How are white blood cells like defenders in an army?How are white blood cells like defenders in an army?

Do Now:Do Now:

What happens if a person is given the What happens if a person is given the wrong blood type?wrong blood type?

What do immunosuppressant drugs What do immunosuppressant drugs do?do?

What is an allergy and what is our What is an allergy and what is our body’s response to it?body’s response to it?

1.1. Why do doctors inject you with a Why do doctors inject you with a weakened form of a pathogen when weakened form of a pathogen when giving you a vaccination?giving you a vaccination?

2.2. What is the difference between active What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?immunity and passive immunity?

3.3. What is your first line of defense?What is your first line of defense?4.4. What happens when pathogens get What happens when pathogens get

through your first line of defense?through your first line of defense?5.5. What does hemoglobin do?What does hemoglobin do?