Blog - Seismic Processing Guides & Tutorials
Transcript of Blog - Seismic Processing Guides & Tutorials
-
3/3/2014 La vertu d'un LA The virtue of an A - A fortunate hive: Seismic processing guides & tutorials
http://laurent-duval.blogspot.com/p/seismic-processing-guides.html 1/5
Anagrams, a randomly seething life. Des anagrammes, la vie qui bouillonne en dsordre.
La vertu d'un LA The virtue of an A - A fortunate hive
Home Publications WITS: where is the starlet, wavelet names in *let 2D wavelets - image processing - directions & geometry
Seismic processing guides & tutorials SIVA Conferences: Signal (Samples), Image (Information), Video (Volume), Analysis (Applications)
[Kultur Pop] gnriques France Culture - France Inter
Seismic processing guides & tutorials+2 Recommend this on Google
A collection of freely available tutorials, guides, lecture notes and primers on geophysical/seismic/seismology with signal/data
processing
http://tinyurl.com/seismic-processing
Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection), Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_seismology
Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of
seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves. The method
requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite/Tovex, a specialized air gun or a seismic
vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name Vibroseis. Reflection seismology is similar to sonar and
echolocation. This article is about surface seismic surveys.
The Nature Of Digital Seismic Processing, by Roy O. Lindseth (1967)
http://www.cseg.ca/publications/journal/1967_12/1967_lindseth_r_digital_seismic_proc.pdf
Today, most geophysical interpretive and management personnel have had experience with digital processing of
seismic data. Results of the processing may be often impressive, but at other times may leave much to be
desired. The reasons for this are not always apparent. They must be derived from a knowledge of the processing
techniques and theory, which in turn, often involve unfamiliar concepts. The problem is further complicated by
rather complex mathematics used to derive the methods and the proofs of the operations. Under these conditions,
management and operating personnel must appraise and evaluate the use of the new techniques. As a result,
there is a tremendous surge in the need to learn more about the techniques for the more efficient utilization of the
seismic method. The research geophysicist, the mathematician, and the computer programmer must be familiar
with the theory and the proofs, in order to develop the applications and to determine their validity. However, the
person who is concerned only in evaluating a given process and determining why certain results are obtained, may
sidestep rigorous mathematical procedures in favour of a more pragmatic approach to the problem. In the following
pages, we shall endeavour to develop an explanation of the seismic process in a straightforward manner, using
simple concepts and demonstrations. Rigorous proofs will be avoided. The full treatment and proofs may be
obtained where desired from the references. Digital processing of seismic information is based on the methods
and procedures of signal theory. The development follows a regular procedure. First, certain assumptions are
made and the necessary terms and symbols are defined. Then, a set of theorems is postulated and the
corresponding proofs are developed. Practical applications then follow. Thus it is with seismic processing.
FGDP: Fundamentals of geophysical data processing, by Jon Claerbout
http://sepwww.stanford.edu/sep/prof/fgdp/toc_html/
http://sepwww.stanford.edu/oldreports/fgdp2/
TOC, Preface, Introduction, Chapter 1: Transforms; Chapter 2: One-sided Functions; Chapter 3: Spectral
Factorization; Chapter 4: Resolution; Chapter 5: Matrices and Multichannel Time Series; Chapter 6: Data Modeling
by Least Squares; Chapter 7: Waveform Applications of Least Squares; Chapter 8: Layers Revealed by Scattered
Wave Filtering; Chapter 9: Mathematical Physics in Stratified Media; Chapter 10: Initial-value Problems in Two and
Three Dimensions; Chapter 11: Seismic Data Processing with the Wave Equation; Index; References
Open Data/Open Source: Seismic Unix scripts to process a 2D land line, by Karl Schleicher (2012)
http://www.reproducibility.org/RSF/book/data/alaska/paper.pdf
This paper describes how to process an internet downloadable 2D land line data set though a very basic
processing sequence using Seismic Unix. The data from the Alaska North Slope has good signal, although it may
be suitable for testing ground-roll and noise burst attenuation programs. The detailed steps to download the
dataset from the Internet and process it are described. You should be able to follow these steps and recreate my
+6 Recommend this on Google
Twitter
Connect
Subscribe
Posts
All Comments
WITS: wavelet names
SIVA Conferences (signal,image, volume, applications)
Pixel shaker
Agile Geoscience (Matt Hall)
Marc Duval (linguistics)
Natures vives
Journal d'un avocat
Le Petit Chercheur Illustr
Nuit Blanche
Technologies du langage
Le petit Champignacien illustr
Imperfect memory
Information CLADe
Librairie Entropie (Paris)
Cusstomizer
Random links
Easy FlowchartSoftwarewww.edrawsoft.com
Perfect flowchart software with
lots of examples and
templates
A few letters and figures, basic
high-school level. Boldface type
words indicate anagrams. Des
chiffres et des lettres,
anagrammes en gras
Be seeing you
Who's there?
Compartir 2 Ms Siguiente blog Crear un blog Acceder
-
3/3/2014 La vertu d'un LA The virtue of an A - A fortunate hive: Seismic processing guides & tutorials
http://laurent-duval.blogspot.com/p/seismic-processing-guides.html 2/5
results. I hope this will accelerate the testing and validation of programs developed in different research groups
A series of Lecture Notes proposed by Guy G.Drijkoningen
Lecture Notes: Seismic Data Acquisition - TA3600
http://geodus1.ta.tudelft.nl/PrivatePages/G.G.Drijkoningen/LectureNotes/SeismicAcquisition%28ta3600%29.pdf
Seismic data acquisition is the gathering / recording of seismic data in the field (be it on land or at sea) with the
ultimate goal to make a seismic image of the subsurface. Various supporting field activities are required for good
seismic data acquisition. For example, seismic exploration for oil and gas is a complex interaction of activities
requiring good management. Important aspects are:
- General administration/exploration concession and permit work ("land and legal"); topographic surveying and
mapping, which is quite different for land- or marine work.
- More specific seismic aspects: placing and checking the seismic source, which on land is either an explosive
(for example dynamite) or Vibroseis and at sea mostly an array of air-guns; positioning and checking the
detectors, geophones on land, hydrophones at sea; operating the seismic recording system.
The organisation of a seismic land crew, often faced with difficult logistics, terrain- and access road conditions is
quite different from that of marine seismic crew on board of an exploration vessel, where a compact streamlined
combination of seismic and topo operations is concentrated on the decks of one boat; different circumstances
require different strategies and different technological solutions.
Lecture Notes: Introduction to Reflection Seismology - TA3630, by Guy G.Drijkoningen
http://geodus1.ta.tudelft.nl/PrivatePages/G.G.Drijkoningen/LectureNotes/IntroductionreflectionSeismology(ta3520).pdf
http://geodus1.ta.tudelft.nl/PrivatePages/G.G.Drijkoningen/LectureNotes/IntroductionReflectionSeismology(ta3630).pdf
Lecture Notes: Seismic Data Processing - TG001 / TA3600, by Guy G.Drijkoningen and D. J. Verschuur (2003)
http://geodus1.ta.tudelft.nl/PrivatePages/G.G.Drijkoningen/LectureNotes/SeismicProcessing(tg001_ta3600).pdf
http://geodus1.ta.tudelft.nl/PrivatePages/G.G.Drijkoningen/LectureNotes/SeismicProcessing2(tg001_ta3600).pdf
The object of exploration seismics is obtaining structural subsurface information from seismic data, i.e., data
obtained by recording elastic wave motion of the ground. The main reason for doing this is the exploration for oil or
gas fields (hydro-carbonates). In exploration seismics this wave motion is excitated by an active source, the
seismic source, e.g. for land seismics (onshore) dynamite. From the source elastic energy is radiated into the
earth, and the earth reacts to this signal. The energy that is returned to the earth's surface, is then studied in order
to infer the structure of the subsurface. Conventionally, three stages are discerned in obtaining the information of
the subsurface, namely data
acquisition, processing and interpretation.
In seismic data acquisition, we concern ourselves only with the data gathering in the field, and making sure the
data is of sufficient quality. In seismic acquisition, an elastic wavefield is emitted by a seismic source at a certain
location at the surface. The reflected wavefield is measured by receivers that are located along lines (2D seismics)
or on a grid (3D seismics). After each such a shot record experiment, the source is moved to another location and
the measurement is repeated. Figure 1.1 gives an illustration of seismic acquisition in a land (onshore) survey. At
sea (in a marine or offshore survey) the source and receivers are towed behind a vessel. In order to gather the
data, many choices have to be made which are related to the physics of the problem, the local situation and, of
course, to economical considerations. For instance, a choice must made about the seismic source being used:
on land, one usually has the choice between dynamite and vibroseis; at sea, air guns are deployed. Also on the
sensor side, choices have to be made, mainly with respect to their frequency characteristics. With respect to the
recording equipment, one usually does not have a choice for each survey but one must be able to exploit its
capabilities as much as possible.
Course material TG038 "Seismic data and their physical information contents", by Guy G.Drijkoningen
http://geodus1.ta.tudelft.nl/PrivatePages/G.G.Drijkoningen/tg038.html
Introduction, Linear Inversion, Migration (Non Linear Inversion), Elastic wave equation, Amplitude versus Offset
(AVO), Waveform inversion, Time Lapse
List of free geophysics software, Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_geophysics_software
1 Reflection seismic processing packages
2 Reflection seismic processing utilities
3 Non-reflection-seismic processing utilities
4 Visualization, interpretation & analysis packages
5 Not true free and open source projects
6 Probably defunct projects
7 References
Stanford Mathematical Geophysics Summer School Lectures, Basics of Exploration Seismology and Tomography, by
Gerard T. Schuster
http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/0052948/Subjects/Basic%20exploration%20seismology.pdf
"Do not use more mathematics than the data deserve" paraphrase from Sven Treitel This series of lectures notes
is aimed at quickly introducing mathematicians to some aspects of exploration seismology. I tried to avoid
algebraic complexity and presented only the key ideas. The HTML lectures and MPG movies associated with the
lectures are online at http://utam.gg.utah.edu/stanford/stanford.html. A Netscape 4.0 or higher browser is
recommended. The first lecture, Basics of Seismic Experiments and Data Processing, provides a quick look at
seismic experiments, data processing, and the final product, the seismic section. The central idea behind each
processing step is explained with a minimal use of algebra. I have used many data processing examples to
explain the processing steps, and MATLAB scripts are used to clarify any ambiguities in the procedures. The one
processing step not described is Dip Moveout Processing, which is not necessary when prestack migration is
used. It is my hope that the first lecture can provide sufficient background information so that the mathematician
can appreciate the exploration context for the more sophisticated ideas presented by other lecturers. After the first
formal lecture, we will conduct a seismic experiment outside the classroom and analyze the data. The second
Laurent Duval
Follow
Research
amateur in signal
and image
processing, numbers and
anagrams (focused on weak
signals, multiscale or multirate
decompositions, aka wavelets or
filter banks, robust estimation)
Amateur de recherche en
traitement du signal et des
images, de nombres et
d'anagrammes.
View my complete profile
2014 (1)
2013 (12)
2012 (20)
2011 (8)
2010 (12)
2009 (18)
2008 (33)
2007 (15)
Archives
Math Formula?
Java Maths
Nuages
Seismic Geophysical
-
3/3/2014 La vertu d'un LA The virtue of an A - A fortunate hive: Seismic processing guides & tutorials
http://laurent-duval.blogspot.com/p/seismic-processing-guides.html 3/5
lecture on Basics of Traveltime Tomography describes the theory behind inversion of traveltime data and presents
some interesting examples. As before, the central ideas are presented but the mathematical details are kept to a
minimum. Examples are given for both exploration and earthquake seismology. The third lecture presents the
Basics of Waveform Tomography. I present the theory, followed by a discussion on the benefits and pitfalls of
waveform tomography. By no means is this a comprehensive treatment, but it can serve as the starting point for
further exploration.
Laboratory Manual for Seismic Data Processing Courses at KFUPM using the Seismic UN*X Software under the Linux
Operating System, by Abdullatif Al-Shuhail
http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/ES/ashuhail/Undergraduate/GEOP320/Labs/Manual/Manual.pdf
Seismic data processing is introduced at KFUPM through mainly two courses: GEOP320 (Seismic Data
Processing) and GEOP510 (Seismic Data Analysis). GEOP320
is a core course to Geophysics undergraduate students while GEOP510 is an elective course to Geophysics
graduate students. Both courses have mandatory laboratory sessions that require the use of the Seismic UNIX
(SU) processing software under the Linux operating system (OS) environment. SU is a software freely distributed
by the Center for Wave Phenomena at Colorado School of Mines. [...] The manual consists of a CDROM that
includes the manual (this document), copies of the latest release of SU and related softwares as well as tutorials
on conventional seismic data processing flow of a real 2-D seismic dataset.
ProMAX 2D: Seismic Processing and Analysis, by Landmark Graphics Corporation
http://images.otnayirt.multiply.multiplycontent.com/attachment/0/SWq2kwoKCh8AAAXZp7A1/promax2dtxt-e.pdf?
key=otnayirt:journal:7&nmid=166958817
This manual is intended to accompany the instruction given during the standard ProMAX 2D course. Because of
the power and flexibility of ProMAX, it is unreasonable to attempt to cover all possible features and applications in
this manual. Instead, we try to provide key examples and descriptions, using exercises which are directed toward
common uses of the system. For more progressive training please take Advanced 2D. The manual is designed to
be flexible for both you and the trainer. Trainers can choose which topics, and in what order to present material to
best meet your needs. You will find it easy to use the manual as a
reference document for identifying a topic of interest and moving directly into the associated exercise or reference.
You are encouraged to copy the exercise workflows and optimize them to your personal situation.
Seismic Processing Steps
http://crack.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/rg/proc.pdf
Theory of Seismic Imaging, by John Scales
http://samizdat.mines.edu/imaging/
http://samizdat.mines.edu/imaging/imaging.pdf
Notes for a graduate course in seismic imaging taught at the Colorado School of Mines. Numerous exercises
based on the Center for Wave Phenomena's Seismic Unix free seismic processing package. Last revision January
1997.
Seismic Data Processing, GEOP 320, by Dr. Abdullatif Al-Shuhail, Associate Professor of Geophysics Earth Sciences
Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/ES/ashuhail/GEOP320.htm
Seismic Unix: GPGN 461/561 Lab, Fall 2012, by John Stockwell, Center for Wave Phenomena
http://www.cwp.mines.edu/~john/GPGN461.561/ch1-14.pdf
In the lecture portion of the course GPGN452/561 (now GPGN461/5 61) (Advanced Seismic Methods/Seismic
Processing) the student is given a word, picture, and chalkboard introduction of the process of seismic data
acquisition and the application of a myriad of processing steps for converting raw seismic data into a scientifically
useful picture of the earths subsurface. This lab is designed to provide students with a practical hands-on
experience in the reality of applying seismic processing techniques to synthetic and real data. The course,
however, is not a training course in seismic processing, as one might get in an industrial setting. Rather than
training a student to use a particular collection of software tools, we believe that it is better that the student
cultivate a broader understanding of the subject of seismic processing. We seek also to help students develop so
me practical skills that will serve them in a general way, even if they do not go into the field of oil and gas
exploration and development. Consequently, we make use of freely available open-source software (the Seismic
Unix package) running on small-scale hardware (Linux-based PCs). Students are also encouraged to install the
SU software on their own personal (Linux or Mac) PCs, so that they may work (and play) with the data and with
the codes at their leisure. Given the limited scale of our available hardware and time, ou r goal is modest, to
introduce students to seismic data processing through a 2D single-component processing application. The
intended range of experience is approximately that which a seismic processor of the late 1970s would have
experienced on a vastly slower, more expensive, and more difficult to use processing platform
Tutorial on Seismic Reflection CDP Data Processing in the RadExPro Plus software, by DECO Geophysical (Edition of
21.11.2007)
http://radexpro.com/site/files/tutorials/EN_tutorCDP.pdf
This tutorial is intended for the users, who begin to process seismic reflection CDP data in the RadExPro Plus
program. All standard stages of basic CDP processing are discussed, from the introduction of geometry to
stacking, that is the so-called minimal processing sequence. It is assumed that the user is already familiar with
the theory of the CDP reflection method and with the fundamental technology of processing such data.
The processing is conducted on an example of the real data, which can be downloaded from our Web-site:
http://radexpro.ru/upload/file/tutors/CDP/inpdata.zip
The archive contains initial data for the work: a fragment of an on-shore seismic profile, recorded in SEG-Y format
(file line_1.sgy), with the trace headers containing source point and receiver point numbers, and two ASCII files,
-
3/3/2014 La vertu d'un LA The virtue of an A - A fortunate hive: Seismic processing guides & tutorials
http://laurent-duval.blogspot.com/p/seismic-processing-guides.html 4/5
rec_geom.txt and sou_geom.txt, containing coordinates of the receivers and sources, respectively. Furthermore,
you can load the final project, which is a result of executing all steps, described in the tutorial:
http://radexpro.ru/upload/File/tutors/CDP/MyProject.zip
Note that the facilities of the software, of course, are not limited to the minimal processing sequence described
here. We consciously did not consider more complicated tasks such as, for example, horizontal velocity analysis,
migration, calculation and analysis of seismic attributes, etc. You can find the information about these and other
procedures of data processing and analysis in the "User Manual" to the program.
La gophysique pour les gologues
tome 1 : les mthodes lectriques
tome 2 : les mthode de prospection magntiques
tome 3 : les mthodes gravimtriques
tome 4 : les mthodes sismiques
tome 5 : les mthodes lectromagntiques
Cet ouvrage traitant la gophysique pour les gologues, a pour ambition tout d'abord, l' actualisation du support
pdagogique en gophysique applique, par lintgration de nouvelles techniques de prospection surtout en sub-
surface (la multi-lectrode ; le-go radar etc.. ) et enfin la vulgarisation de ces mthodes d'investigation au sein de
la communaut universitaire; Enseignants, Ingnieurs et chercheurs spcialiss dans les sciences de la terre. Les
gologues trouveront dans cet ouvrage les bases thoriques et pratiques de la gophysique: gophysique de
surface ou superficielle, la gophysique semi-profonde et enfin la gophysique profonde. Il intressera galement
le grand public, curieux de savoir ce que cache le sous-sol et comment l'explorer; dans le domaine de la
recherche ptrolire et minire, en hydrogologie et thermalisme, dans les travaux publiques (btiments, Ponts-et-
Chausses) ; en archologie et recherches ocaniques, en volcanologie et en sismologie. Les thmes
dvelopps dans ce livre sont: Les interactions entre les phnomnes physiques et les proprits physiques de la
matire (la Roche, la Terre ou lUnivers).
Basics of Exploration Seismic Experiments and Data Processing
http://utam.gg.utah.edu/stanford/node3.html
The goal of exploration seismology is to find oil and gas reservoirs by seismically imaging the earth's reflectivity
distribution. Towards this goal, exploration geophysicists perform seismic experiments ideally equivalent to that
shown in Figure 1. Here, the source excites seismic waves, and the resulting primary reflections are recorded by a
geophone located at the source position. If we assume only primary reflections then this defines the ideal zero-
offset (ZO) experiment. For now we assume a magic filter (to be described later as data processing) that
eliminates all events but primary reflections.
A seismic source is usually some mechanical device or explosive that thumps the earth, and a geophone records
the time history of the earth's vertical particle velocity, denoted as a seismic trace d(x,z=0,t). Larger amplitudes on
the Figure 1 traces correspond to faster ground motion and the up-going (down-going) motion is denoted here by
the blackened (unblackened) lobes. The strength of these amplitudes is roughly proportional to the reflectivity
strength m(x,z) of the corresponding reflector.
2D Processing Tutorial (Free USP)
http://www.freeusp.org/RaceCarWebsite/TechTransfer/Tutorials/Processing_2D/Processing_2D.html
This tutorial is being developed on the fly with interested FreeUSP users. If there is something you would like
covered in this section please post to [email protected] and we will see if we can include it. This is a work in
progress and will progress as user demand and my ability to apportion time to the exersize dictates. Also, when I
get a few hours to pound out a new section I am moving pretty fast. If you see me come off the rails, please chime
in. The faster we correct any mistakes, the better for everyone involved
Seismic Overview: An Explanation of Seismic Data
http://www.cgg.com/default.aspx?cid=24
The words seismic and geophysics are often associated with earthquakes. But seismic data are also a valuable
technology used extensively by the oil and gas industry in its exploration, development and reservoir management
operations.
This interactive Seismic Overview is a picture-based explanation of seismic data how the data are gathered and
how the data are used.
There are 40 slides that run in their own custom-sized window, and each one should take only about 30 seconds
to read and digest.
A Comparative Study of Open Seismic Data Processing Packages
http://www.deakin.edu.au/sebe/it/research/docs/trc11-2.pdf
Izzatdin A. Aziz, Andrzej M. Goscinski and Michael Hobbs
DEAKIN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, TR C11/2, May 2011
New seismic computational functions are being actively developed by geophysicists and computer experts for
open seismic data processing packages, or in short open SDP packages. However, vast contributions of seismic
computational functions have caused redundancies among open SDP packages in solving common seismic
problems. Redundancies of seismic functions have led to the uncertainty on which function to apply when dealing
with a specific problem. Therefore there is a need for a classification of seismic computational functions for open
SDP packages to guide the development of new seismic functions. In response, presented in this paper, we have
introduced a taxonomy that classifies seismic computational functions into three distinct groups; Data
Manipulation, Reflection Seismology and Visualization. Each group consists of computational functions selected
based on the characteristic of seismic problem it is meant to solve. The taxonomy comprised of seismic
computational functions from three open SDP packages: Seismic UNIX or SU, Madagascar and OpenDtect. To
date, we have not seen any apparent comparative study between the functionalities of the three open SDP
packages. So, we have performed a functionality tests to compare each open SDP packages functional
executions on a series of seismic data processes, using a historical SEGY dataset of 122 Gigabytes in size. The
execution was conducted on a high performance cluster. The analysis of the tests was presented from the view
point of a system analysis, hence, structural geology such as identifying the Earth subsurfaces faults and
hydrocarbon reservoirs are not presented. The result of the tests is significant: we discovered that it is possible to
perform data format conversions between each open SDP package. The original SEGY data size has been
-
3/3/2014 La vertu d'un LA The virtue of an A - A fortunate hive: Seismic processing guides & tutorials
http://laurent-duval.blogspot.com/p/seismic-processing-guides.html 5/5
Home
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)
reduced when converted to the SU format. This is due to the elimination of the header file that is not required in
SU. The original file has also been reduced to 115 GB ytes when converted to Madagascars format. This is
because Madagascar's format uses a contemporary memory arrangement approach. CPU Execution times for
each open SDP package to complete the functionality test shows that Madagascar performs faster by
approximately 32 hours when compared to the other packages
Replies
Reply
Enter your comment...
Comment as: Google Account
Publish
Preview
2 comments:
Srinivasarao Pyla February 24, 2014 at 10:18 PM
very great
Reply
Laurent Duval February 24, 2014 at 10:24 PM
Hey Srinivasarao Pyla, thank you very much for your nice comment.
Seismic DataWorldwidewww.tgs.com
TGS has extensive geophysical andgeological data coverage worldwide.
Simple template. Powered by Blogger.