Blog Grammar

7/28/2019 Blog Grammar

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GRAMMAR BANK

Unit 11A possessives

Use the possessive's to say who something belong to.

After a singular noun Apostrophe+s Annas surname is Conde.

My dogs name is Rover.

After a plural noun that

doesnt end with s

Apostrophe+s Our childrens names are

Sue and Rod

sAfter a plural noun that

ends with s

apostrophe My brothers names are Ruy

and Edson.

1B present simple s/-es endings

Use s/es to make the third person singular

Most verbs +s I/You/We/They start

He/She/ It starts

Verbs ending with

o7s/sh/ch/x

+es I/You/We/They finish

He/She/ It starts finishes

Verbs ending with y Y+ies I/You/We/They study

He/She/ It studies

1C be and do in questions

be Do

Present Are you the new boss?

How is Holly?

Do you like your job?

Where does Anna work?

Past Where you late for work?

Where was Justin?

Did they go to work?

Which watch did he buy?

Present simple and present continuousUse the present simple to talk about things that

happen sometimes or all the time, and things that are generally true.

+ - ?

I/You/We/They go to work. I/You/We/They dont go to

work.

Do I/you/we/they go to

work?He/She/It goes to work. He/She/It doesnt goes to

work.

Does he/she/it go to work?


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Use the present continuous to talk about whats happening now.

+ - ?

Im driving to work Im not driving to work. Am I driving to work?

You/we/they are driving towork.

You/we/they arent drivingto work.

Are you/we/they driving towork?

He/She/ Its driving to work. He/She/ It arent driving to

work.

Is he/ she/ it driving to

work

Now go to exercise1.4 to practice.

Subject pronouns and possessive adjectives.

Use subject pronouns with verbs.

Use possessive adjectives with nouns.

Subject

pronouns

I You he she it we They

Possessive

adjectives

my your his her its our Their


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Unit 22A HOW QUESTIONS

Use how adjective..? To ask for information about price, age, distance, etc.

How questions Answers

How long is the journey to Snowdon? Its an hourHow old is the colosseum in Rome? Its 2000 years old.

How far is the London Eye from big Ben? Its metres

How high is the Eiffel Tower? Its 300 metres tall

How much is an adult ticket? Its 21000

2B Adjective order

Use adjective to describe people and things.

Put and adjective before a noun A pretty village. A white villagePut adjectives of opinion before adjective

of fact.

A pretty white village.

2C Comparative and superlative adjectives.

Use comparative + than to compare two things.

One- syllable adjectives +er or r Old-older large- larger

One- syllable adjectives

than end vowel + consonant

Double consonant + er Big-bigger hot- hotter

Adjectives that end y Y + ier Heavy- heavier pretty-

prettier

Adjective with more than

one syllable.

More + adjective Famous- more famous

Interesting-more interesting

Irregular adjectives Good- better bad- worse

Use the+ superlative to compare more than two things

One- syllable adjectives The-est or st Old- the oldest large-the

largest

One- syllable adjectives that

end vowel + consonant

the+ double the consonant

+ est

Big- the biggest hot- the

hottest

Adjective that end y The y + iest Dry- the driestAdjective with more than

one syllable.

The most + adjective Famous- the most famous

Interesting- the most

interesting

Irregular adjectives Good- the best


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2D Past simple

Use the past simple to talk about actions that are finished.

+ - ?

I/you/he/she/it/we/they

visited Spain

I/you/he/she/it/we/they

visited Spain

Did you/ we/they visit

Spain?

Where did he/she7it visit?

Short answer

Yes, I/you/he/ she/it/we/they old. No, I/you/he/ she/it/we/they didnt

Spelling note: -ed endings

Most verbs +ed Visit-visited

Verbs that end e +d Live- lived

Verbs that end consonant +

y

Y+ied Study- studied

One- syllable verbs that end

one vowel+ one consonat

Double the consonant +ed Stop- stopped

Unit 33A like doing, would like to do

Use like+ verb + ing to talk about things you like/dislike now.

+ - ?

I/You/We/They like

swimming

He/She/It likes swimming

I/You/We/They dont like

swimming

He/She/It doesnt like

swimming

Do I/You/We/They like

swimming?

Does He/She/It like

swimming

Short answers

Yes, I/You/we/they do.

Yes, he/she/it does

No, I/You/we/they dont

No, he/she/it doesnt

Use would like +infinitive to talk about things you want/dont want to do in the future.

+ - ?

I/You/he/she/it/.

We/theyd like to play

tennis.

I/You/he/she/it/.

We/they wouldnt like to

play tennis.

Would/ I/You/he/she/it/.

We/ they like to play tennis

Short answer

Yes, I/ you/we/they would

Yes, he/she/it would

No, I/ you/we/they wouldnt

No, he/she/it wouldnt


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3B can, could (ability)

Use can for ability in the present. Use could for ability in the past.

+ - ?

I/we/he can swim.

I/we/he could swim.

I/we/he cant swim.

I/we/he could swim.

Can I/we/he swim.

Could I/we/he swim.

Short answers

Yes, I/we/he can.

Yes, I/we/he could.

No, I/we/he cant

No, I/we/he couldnt

Use an infinitive without to after can/could. We use be able to to talk about ability, e.g.


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3C could (possibility)

Use could to talk about past ability and present possibility.

Ability in the past Icouldread when I was three.

He could run fast when he was a young

boy.

Possibility in the present We could go to the cimena tonight.

We could play tennis.

3D going to (prediction)

Use going to to predict the future, based on things happening now.

+ - ?

Im going to cry. Im not going to cry. Am I going to cry?

You/ We/Theyre going to

start work.

You/ We/They arent going

to start work.

You/ We/They going to start

work?.

He/she/its going to fall. He/she/it isnt going to fall. Is He/she/it going to fall.

Short answers

Yes, I am No, I am not

Yes, You/ We/They are No, You/ We/They arent

Yes, He/she/it is. No, He/she/it isnt.


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Unit 44A can/could (request)

For things Can/could I have a cup of tea, please?

For permission to do something Can/could I open the door, please?

For someone to do something Can/could you help me, please?

Could I/Could you.? Is more polite and formal than can I/can you?

4b present perfect with a present result

Past action Present result

I/You/We/theyve washed the cups. The cups are clean the now

He/she/its broken the computer The computer doesnt work now.

To form the present perfect, use have/has+ a past participle. For a list of irregular a past participle.

4c present perfect

+(ve=have,s=has) -(havent=have not,

hasnt=has not)

?

I/You/We/theyve fed the

dog.

I/You/We/they havent fed

the dog.

Have I /You/We/they fed

the dog

He/she/its washed the

towels.

He/she/it hasnt washed the

towels.

Has He/she/it washed the

towels.

Short answers

Yes, I /You/We/they have

Yes, he/she/it has

No, I /You/We/they havent

No, he/she/it hasnt

4D present perfect with ever/never

Use ever and never with the present perfect for emphasis

Ever+present perfect

question

= at any time before now Have you ever travelled

abroad?Never+ present perfect

positive form.

=at no time before now Weve never been to

Canada

4D Present perfect and past simple.

Use the present perfect to talk about an event which happened at some time before now.

It isnt important exactly when it happened.


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Use the past simple to talk about an event which happened in the past and is not

connected to now.

Present perfect Past simple

Ive been to London this year

Hes never played chess.

Weve visited Diblin twice.

I went to London last week.

He didnt play chess yesterday.

We went to Dublin twice last year.

Use expressions of unfinished time with the present perfect, are expressions on finished

time with the past simple.

Expressions of unfinished time Expressions of finished time

Before now, today, this week. In my life Last summer, yesterday, last week in 2001,

when I was five

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