Blockchain*Infrastructure*for** eScience · Blockchain*Infrastructure*for** eScience Can*Özturan*...
Transcript of Blockchain*Infrastructure*for** eScience · Blockchain*Infrastructure*for** eScience Can*Özturan*...
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Blockchain Infrastructure for e-‐Science
Can Özturan Dept. of Computer Engineering
and TETAM Bogazici University, Istanbul
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ObjecIve of the talk
• Give an overview of the new blockchain technologies
• Invite to collaborate on building a blockchain infrastructure for e-‐Science
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Blockchain Technologies (1) • Peer-‐to-‐peer infrastructure • Maintains a ledger (blockchain) of transacIons among a
distributed network of computers • Based on cryptography which allows secure transacIons to
be performed by the users • No need for central authority • Solves double spending problem • Employs consensus algorithm for reaching consensus about
the current state of the blockchain • Value/tokens/ownership can be tracked and exchanged
without requiring a central point of control • Decentralized trustless protocol
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• IncenIve driven ecosystem • Nodes (miners) verify transacIons. They perform proof of work. In return, they win rewards and collect transacIon fees.
• 51% aWack may occur if 51% of hash power is held by one party.
Blockchain Technologies (2)
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(descripIon source hWps://www.ethereum.org/)
Ethereum hWps://www.ethereum.org/
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Ethereum hWps://www.ethereum.org/
• Provides Turing Complete Virtual Machine on which you can run Smart Contracts (code)
• On Ethereum there are: accounts and smart contracts. These have addresses that idenIfy them.
• Solidity is available as a smart contract programming language.
• Javascript/web interfaces are available.
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A simple smart contract example (example not tested, correctness not verified)
pragma solidity ^0.4.0; contract ClusterMachine { address public owner; mapping (address => uint) public balances; uint public totalcorehours ; modifier owneronly { if (msg.sender != owner) { throw ; } _ ; } // constructor funcIon ClusterMachine() { owner = msg.sender ; totalcorehours = 365*24 ; }
funcIon assigncorehours(address addr,uint numcorehours) public owneronly { if (totalcorehours >= numcorehours ) { totalcorehours -‐= numcorehours ; balances[addr] += numcorehours ; } } funcIon getcorebalance(address addr) public returns (uint retval) { return(balances[addr]) ; } funcIon transfer(uint amount, address dest) public { if (balances[msg.sender] >= amount ) { balances[msg.sender] -‐= amount ; balances[dest] += amount ; } } }
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TRADITIONAL SERVICES
servers
Users/programs
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BLOCKHAIN CAN ALSO BE VIEWED AS AN OPEN, HISTORICAL AND LIVE DATABASE
BLOCKCHAIN
servers
Users/programs
blocks appear roughly every 12-‐20 secs
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Blockchain for E-‐Science
BLOCKCHAIN
• Cluster computers, data, sensors, soqware, researchers, organizaIons, centers etc. can be represented as a contract enIty on the blockchain
cluster
cluster
cluster
cluster
user
user
user
user
user
data
cluster
soqw
are
sensor
Center A Center B Center C
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• Have each center / university / group / person run a single node • Use open/free source Ethereum code (geth, parity) • Even a cheap desktop can be used for running a node • Overall we need many nodes (a few hundreds, the more the beWer). So we
need to convince a few hundred researchers, universiIes, centers to run a node.
• Almost no money needed for investment (an unused desktop can also be used). • But, in return we get a highly valuable blockchain infrastructure on which we
can easily implement many useful things: audiIng, evaluaIon, resource managers, sharing economy, virtual organizaIons, citaIon networks etc.
• Blockchain can also be viewed as an open historical and live database: Data analyIcs can be performed on this live data.
• It can complement exisIng European efforts and help these efforts to get more widespread adopIon, e.g. by facilitaIng communiIes that always exist on the blockchain.
Can we build one for e-‐Science ?
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eBloc (hWp://ebloc.org ) • Please join our efforts to build a blockchain infrastructure for eScience by running a node
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Literature 1. Nakamoto, Satoshi. "Bitcoin: A peer-‐to-‐peer electronic cash system." (2008).
hWp://goo.gl/xwyfm7 2. Blockchain Enigma. Paradox. Opportunity, DeloiWe, 2016. hWp://goo.gl/WzwWDe 3. Gavin Wood, Ethereum: a secure decentralised generalised transacIon ledger, Homestead Revision. hWp://goo.gl/bcl0Fi 4. Ethereum Project, hWps://www.ethereum.org/