Block M5-M6 Carbonate exploration drilling campaign · MYANMAR Block M5-M6 Carbonate exploration...

ARTELIAEau & Environnement i Spécialité Risques, Société & Environnement

Le First Part Dieu i 2, avenue Lacassagne i 69425 Lyon Cedex 03 i France

Tel: +33 (0)4 37 65 38 00 i www.arteliagroup.com

REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OFMYANMAR

Block M5-M6 Carbonateexploration drilling campaignUpdate of the Environmental and Social ImpactAssessment process in compliance with the newMyanmar regulation

Final Report

Rev 2 f October 2016

Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Block M05-M06 Carbonateexploration drilling campaignUpdate of the Environmental and Social ImpactAssessment process in compliance with the newMyanmar regulation

Final report

October 2016

Authors: Maud Dellong, Charles Bouhelier & Philip Butler

Photo credit: TOTAL

File: 8512268

ARTELIA Eau & Environnement i Spécialité Risques, Société & Env ironnement,

Le First Part Dieu i 2, avenue Lacassagne i 69425 Lyon Cedex 03 i France i

Tel: +33 (0)4 37 65 38 00 www.arteliagroup.com

Quality Sheet

Project description

Name of the project B loc k M05-M06 carbonate exploration drilli ng campaign

Reference of the project 8512268

Client TOTAL E&P Myanmar (TEPM)

Locati on of the project The Re public of the Union of Myanmar

Type of documentUpdate of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process in compliance with the new

Myanmar regulation

Study performed by Artelia Eau & Environment

Name Date Visa

Author 1 M. DELLONG 01/07/2016

Author 2 C. BOUHELIER 01/07/2016

Approved by P. BUTLER 01/07/2016

List of revisio n

Version N° Document N° Date Description

0 1 01/07/2016 Issue for Comments

2 1 03/10/2016 Final report

Distribution List

Version N° Document N° Copy N° Addresses

1 8542268 1 XSXEP"IT"Q]ERQEV"("Artelia AEE RSE"

2 8542268 1 XSXEP"IT"Q]ERQEV"("Artelia AEE RSE

"

EVXIPME"Iey"("Irzmvsrriqirx"

Yrmxí">"Vmwuyi."Wsgmíxí"("Irzmvsrriqirx"*VWI+"

Immeuble Le First i 2, avenue Lacassagne 69425 Lyon Cedex

Tel.: +33 (0)4 37 65 38 77, Fax: +33 (0)4 37 65 38 01

TABLE OF CONTENTS

/ 8512268 / July 2016 A

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 0.$ Executive summary (English) 15$

0.1$ CONTEXT 15$

0.2$ DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 15$

0.3$ DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 17$

0.3.1$ Mobilisation of the equipment 17$

0.3.2$ Well drilling process 17$

0.3.3$ Demobilization 19$

0.3.4$ Summary of the project components likely to impact the environment 19$

0.4$ DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS SENSITIVITIES 20$

0.4.1$ Physical environment 20$

0.4.1.1$ Physical characterist ics of the prospected area 20$

0.4.1.2$ Climate 21$

0.4.2$ Biologica l envi ronment 21$

0.4.2.1$ Planktonic and zooplanktonic communities 21$

0.4.2.2$ Benthic communities 22$

0.4.2.3$ Pelagic f ish communit ies 22$

0.4.2.4$ Marine mammals (cetacean/sirenian) 22$

0.4.2.5$ Marine turtles 22$

0.4.2.6$ Seabirds 23$

0.4.3$ Coastal environment 23$

0.4.3.1$ Mangroves 23$

0.4.3.2$ Seagrass 23$

0.4.3.3$ Seaweed 23$

0.4.3.4$ Coral reefs 23$

0.4.3.5$ Marine reptiles 24$

0.4.3.6$ Marine mammals 24$

0.4.3.7$ Coastal ecosystems 24$

0.4.4$ Sensitive protected areas 24$

0.4.4.1$ Sensitive areas 24$

0.4.4.2$ International protected areas 24$

0.4.5$ Societal offshore environment 25$

0.4.5.1$ Offshore fishery (industrial fishing) 25$

0.4.5.2$ Marine traffic 25$

0.4.5.3$ Port infras tructure 25$

0.5$ ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 25$

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0.6$ RECOMMENDED DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENTPLAN 27$

SECTION 1.$ Executive summary (Myanmar Language) 29$

SECTION 2.$ Introduction 30$

2.1$ CONTEXT 30$

2.2$ PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT 30$

2.1$ PRESENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EXPERTS 31$

2.2$ OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) 31$

2.3$ EIA METHODOLOGY 32$

SECTION 3.$ Policy, legal and Institutional framework 33$

3.1$ INSTITUTIONAL AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTION 34$

3.2$ POLICY AND LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT 36$

3.3$ INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS RELEVANT TO THEPROJECT 41$

SECTION 4.$ Project description and alternative selection 45$

4.1$ DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 45$

4.1$ TIMING OF OPERATION 47$

4.2$ DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE 48$

4.2.1$ Drilling unit (Mobi le Offshore Drill ing Unit) 48$

4.2.1.1$ Mobilisat ion 50$

4.2.1.2$ Posit ioning of the MODU 51$

4.2.1.3$ Preloading 51$

4.2.1.4$ Jacking 51$

4.2.1.5$ Elevated operating conditions 51$

4.2.2$ Well architecture 52$

4.2.3$ Well driling process 54$

4.2.4$ Mud formulation and circulation 55$

4.2.4.1$ Drilling mud compos ition 55$

4.2.4.2$ Drilling mud c irculation and treatment cuttings 56$

4.2.5$ Cementing formulation 58$

4.2.6$ Well evaluation 59$

4.2.6.1$ Mud logging 59$

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4.2.6.2$ Downhole formation logging 59$

4.2.7$ Well completion 59$

4.2.8$ Drill Stem Test (DST) 60$

4.2.9$ Utility systems to be used on the M6 Block Carbonate exploration drilling 60$

4.2.9.1$ Well control and safety equipment 60$

4.2.9.2$ Pollution prevent ion equipment 61$

4.2.9.3$ Water sys tems 62$

4.2.9.4$ Hazardous materials 62$

4.2.9.5$ Ballast systems 62$

4.2.9.6$ Power generation systems 63$

4.2.10$ Logistic aspects of the drilling campaign 63$

4.2.11$ Well suspension and abandonment 63$

4.2.12$ Demobilisatoin of the MODU 63$

4.3$ INVENTORY OF EMISSIONS, DISCHARGE AND WASTE 64$

4.3.1$ Atmospheric emissions 64$

4.3.2$ Drilling discharge to the sea 65$

4.3.2.1$ Drilling cuttings 65$

4.3.2.2$ Cement and additives 66$

4.3.3$ Wastewater 66$

4.3.4$ Solid waste 67$

4.3.5$ Odour, noise and light 69$

4.3.6$ Project emissoins target 70$

4.4$ SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS LIKELY TO IMPACT THEENVIRONMENT 71$

4.5$ ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 71$

4.5.1$ jBZ []ZUPN_k LW _P]YL_TaP 72$

4.5.2$ Selection of dr illing unit 72$

4.5.3$ Cuttings and drilling fluids handling 72$

SECTION 5.$ Description of the surrounding environment 74$

5.1$ GEOGRAPHY AND METEOROLOGY 74$

5.2$ AIR QUALITY 75$

5.3$ OCEANOGRAPHY 75$

5.3.1$ Bathymetry 75$

5.3.2$ Surface currents 76$

5.3.3$ Tides and waves 78$

5.3.4$ Water quali ty 78$

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5.3.5$ Sediment quality 79$

5.3.6$ Vulnerability to natural d isaster 79$

5.4$ BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 80$

5.4.1$ Offshore environment 80$

5.4.1.1$ Phytoplankton 80$

5.4.1.2$ Zooplankton 82$

5.4.1.3$ Benthic communities 83$

5.4.1.4$ Pelagic f ish communit ies 84$

5.4.1.5$ Commerc ially important fish species 85$

5.4.2$ Marine mammals (cetacean/sirenian) 85$

5.4.3$ Marine Turtles 86$

5.4.4$ Marine birds 86$

5.4.5$ Coastal ecosystems 86$

5.4.5.1$ Mangroves 87$

5.4.5.2$ Seaweed 87$

5.4.5.3$ Coral reefs 87$

5.4.5.4$ Marine reptiles 88$

5.4.5.5$ Marine mammals 88$

5.4.6$ Sensitive and protected areas 88$

5.4.6.1$ Sensitive areas 88$

5.4.6.2$ International Protected Sites 88$

5.5$ SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 88$

5.5.1$ Administrative organization of the study area 89$

5.5.2$ Governance 90$

5.5.3$ Population and demography 91$

5.5.3.1$ Demography 91$

5.5.3.2$ Ethnicity and Religion 91$

5.5.4$ Human development and access to basic services 92$

5.5.4.1$ Effects of cyc lone Nargis on human development in the Delta 92$

5.5.4.2$ Health and Educat ion 92$

5.5.4.3$ Water, Sanitation and Energy 93$

5.5.4.4$ Human Development Act ivities in Ayeyarwady region 94$

5.5.5$ Economic activities in the Ayeyarwady Region 94$

5.5.5.1$ Fisheries Sec tor 94$

5.5.5.2$ Marine traffic 99$

5.5.5.3$ Port Infrastructure 99$

5.5.5.4$ Offshore Oil and Gas Operat ions 99$

5.5.6$ Stakeholder identification 100$

5.5.6.1$ Ministries 100$

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5.5.6.2$ Universities and Research Inst itutes 101$

5.5.6.3$ Public Enterprises 101$

5.5.6.4$ Regional Authorit ies 101$

5.5.6.5$ Business Associat ions 101$

5.5.6.6$ Oil and Gas Companies 102$

5.5.6.7$ Intergovernmental Organizations 102$

5.5.6.8$ International Non-Governmental Organizat ions (INGOs) 103$

5.5.6.9$ National Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 103$

5.5.6.10$ Media 104$

5.6$ ASSESSMENT OF THE SENSITIVITY OF THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT 105$

SECTION 6.$ Impact and Risk Assessment and Mitigation measures 109$

6.1$ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ASSOCIATED MITIGATION MEASURES 111$

6.2$ SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT AND ASSOCIATED MEASURES 145$

SECTION 7.$ Cumulative Impact Assessment 150$

7.1$ METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH 150$

7.2$ CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 151$

7.2.1$ Brief description and map of relevant existing future private and public projects anddevelopments 151$

7.2.2$ Identification and assessment of the potential cumulative impacts on the components in the^`]]Z`YOTYR PYaT]ZYXPY_ LYO _SP D]ZUPN_m NZY_]T M _TZY _Z ^`NS TX[LN_^ 151$

7.2.3$ Determination of the leverage and influence that the Project may have over theinsignificant and project related cumulative impacts 152$

7.2.4$ 8P^N]T[_TZY ZQ XPL^`]P^ _Z XT_TRL_P _SP D]ZUPN_m^ NZY_]TM`_TZY _Z _SP N`X WL_TaP TX[LN_ 152$

SECTION 8.$ Environmental Management Plan 153$

8.1$ INTRODUCTION 153$

8.2$ ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF THE PROJECT 153$

8.3$ COMMITMENT REGISTER 154$

8.4$ PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PLAN 165$

8.4.1$ Objectives 165$

8.4.2$ Legal and other requirements 165$

8.4.3$ Location / overview 165$

8.4.4$ Tasks 166$

8.4.5$ Related plans 166$

8.4.6$ Performance criteria and monitoring 166$

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8.4.7$ Roles and responsibilities 167$

8.4.8$ Schedule 167$

8.4.9$ Budget 167$

8.5$ CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 168$




8.5.4$ Tasks 168$





8.5.9$ Budget 171$

8.6$ SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN 172$




8.6.4$ Tasks 172$





8.6.9$ Budget 173$

8.7$ OPERATIONAL DISCHARGE MANAGEMENT PLAN 175$




8.7.4$ Tasks 175$





8.7.9$ Budget 176$

8.8$ BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT AND RECORD BOOK 177$



TABLE OF CONTENTS

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8.8.4$ Tasks 177$





8.8.9$ Budget 179$

8.9$ DRILLING CUTTINGS AND FLUID DISPOSAL PLAN 180$




8.9.4$ Tasks 180$





8.9.9$ Budget 182$

8.10$ WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN 183$




8.10.4$ Tasks 183$




8.10.8$ Schedule 186$

8.10.9$ Budget 187$

8.11$ BLOWOUT CONTINGENCY PLAN 188$




8.11.4$ Tasks 188$




8.11.8$ Schedule 189$

8.11.9$ Budget 190$

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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8.12$ OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN 191$




8.12.4$ Tasks 191$



8.12.7$ Roles and responsibilites 192$

8.12.8$ Schedule 193$

8.12.9$ Budget 193$

8.13$ EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 194$




8.13.4$ Tasks 194$




8.13.8$ Schedule 195$

8.13.9$ Budget 195$

8.14$ COMMUNICATIONS PLAN 196$




8.14.4$ Tasks 196$




8.14.8$ Schedule 197$

8.14.9$ Budget 198$

8.15$ GRIEVANCE MECHANISM 199$




8.15.4$ Tasks 199$



TABLE OF CONTENTS

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8.15.8$ Schedule 201$

8.15.9$ Budget 201$

8.16$ TRAINING AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME 202$




8.16.4$ Tasks 202$




8.16.8$ Schedule 204$

8.16.9$ Budget 204$

8.17$ MONITORING PLAN 205$




8.17.4$ Tasks 205$




8.17.8$ Schedule 206$

8.17.9$ Budget 206$

SECTION 9.$ Public consultation and disclosure 207$

9.1$ PRELIMINARY CONSULTATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIESAND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT (REGIONALREPRESENTATIVES) 207$

9.2$ PUBLIC CONSULTATION WITH MYANMAR FISHERIES FEDERATION INYANGON 209$

9.3$ PUBLIC CONSULTATION WITH FISHERMEN IN PYAPON (AYEYARWADYDIVISION) 211$

9.1$ DRAFT ADVERTISEMENT FOR M5-M6 DRILLING PROJECT 216$

SECTION 10.$ References 218$

SECTION 11.$ Appendices 223$

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Geographical location of the proposed exploration well M6-B1 16$

Figure 1-2 Example of a shallow draft jack-up drilling unit (Source: offshore-mag, 2015) 17$

Figure 1-3 Different types of casing forming the well (Source: Artelia) 18$

Figure 3-1 New EIA procedure: Ministry of the Environmental Conservation and Forestry (nowMONREC), Notification N°616 of 29 December 2015 33$

Figure 4-1 Location of blocks M5 and M6 and block M6-B1 46$

Figure 4-2 Location of the M6-B1 survey area with respect to the Yadana complex 47$

Figure 4-3 Exploration well profile (Source: TEPM) 53$

Figure 4-4 Different types of casing forming the wel l (Source: Ar telia) 54$

Figure 4-5 Schematic of principal elements of a typica l drilling r ig (Source: OGP) 57$

Figure 4-6 Schematic of a typical subsea BOP stack 61$

Figure 4-7 Example of a supply vessel (Source: TEPM) 63$

Figure 5-1 Bathymetry of the prospected area offshore Myanmar (Source: TEPM, 2015) 75$

Figure 5-2 Bathymetry around wellM6-B1 76$

Figure 5-3 Vector Mean Currents in the Eastern Bay of Bengal (Source: EMS of Yadana and Sein Fields,Sogreah Magelis, 2011) 77$

Figure 5-4 Oceanic divisions 80$

Figure 5-5 Phytoplankton spcies diversity at environmental stations along the Myanmar coast, November2013 (Source: Cruise report Dr. Fridtjof Nanseen, Myanmar Ecosystem Survey, 2013) 81$

Figure 5-6 Biomass zooplankton (dry-weight g/mm2) collected with WP2 net along the cruise linesNobember-December 2013 (Source: Cruise report Dr. Fridtjof Nanseen, Myanmar EcosystemSurvey, 2013) 82$

Figure 5-7 Offshore districts and townships associated wi th the Pro ject area 89$

Figure 5-8 Population figures in the townships and districts close to the exploration drilling project area(Source: Myanmar Information Myanmar Unit (MMU)) 91$

Figure 9-1 Meeting with Department of Fisheries and Environmental Conservation Department 208$

Figure 9-2 Attendence sheet 209$

Figure 9-2 Consultations at MFF (left) and at the Department of Fishery (right) 211$

Figure 9-2 Public consultation in Pyapon 212$

Figure 9-3 Attendance sheet - Fishermen 214$

Figure 9-4 Attendance sheet i Government officials 215$

LIST OF TABLES

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Presentation of the team of experts 31$

Table 3-2 Policy and legislation relevant to the project 36$

Table 3-3 Relevant International Guidelines and Standards 42$

Table 4-2: M6B-1 mud program (Source: TEPM) 56$

Table 4-3 Estimated quanti ties of drill cuttings and mud to be generated during the M5/M6 blockscarbonate exploration drilling campaign 58$

Table 4-4: M6B-1B Cement program for exploration dr illing program 59$

Table 4-5 Calculations of Atmospheric Emissions 64$

Table 4-6 Estimated wastewater production from projected activities (rounded) 66$

Table 4-7 Estimated waste production from projected activities (rounded) 68$

Table 5-1 Environmental sensitivi ty (Se) 105$

Table 5-2 Sensitivity of receiving environment 105$

Table 6-2 Impact Magnitude & Significance 110$

Table 6-3 Impact and associated measures: physical and natura l component 111$

Table 6-4 Impact and associated measures: human component 145$

Table 8-2 Typical waste types expected during the drilling campaign 184$

Table 8-3 Complaints register 199$

LIST OF APPENDICES

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LIST OF APPENDICES

ETTIRHM\"3$ Complement legal framework 223$

ETTIRHM\"4$ Descr iption of the existing natural and social environment 232$

ABBREVIATIONS

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ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS

AW Atlantic Water

CMP Chemicals Management Plan

CH4 Methane

CO Carbon Monoxide

CR Critically endangered

EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone

EM EMission factor

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan

EU European Union

EUNIS European Nature Information System

GHG Greenhouse Gas

HSE Health, Safety and Environment

Ha Hectare

IBA Important Bird Area

IFC International Finance Corporation

IPF Impact Producing Factor

ISO International Organization for Standardization

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

IWC International Whaling Commission

Km² Square kilometres

LC Least Concern

M Magnitude

ABBREVIATIONS

/ 8512268 / July 2016 N

MECIT Ministry of Energy, Commerce, Industry and Tourism

MPA Marine Protected Area

MRB Mediterranean Red Book

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet

N2O Nitrous Oxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxide

NT Near Threatened

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

RE Receipting Environment

SCI Site of Community Importance

Se Sensitivity

SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment

Si Significance

SO2 Sulphur dioxide

SPA Special Protection Area

VOC Volatile Organic Compound

VU VUlnerable

WMP Waste Management Plan

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Executive summary (English) r 06/16

/ 8512268 / July 2016 15

SECTION 0. EXECUTIVESUMMARY (ENGLISH)

0.1 CONTEXT

Total Exploration & Production Myanmar (TEPM) plans to conduct an exploration drill ing campaign onblock M05-M06, to investigate the deliverable hydrocarbon potential of M6-3CA & AA carbonate fringe.GST^ LN_TaT_d QZWWZb^ []PWTXTYL]d TY_P][]P_L_TZY ZQ _SP j,55-,75k ^PT^XTN ^ ]aPd _SL_ _ZZV [WLNP TY +)*- TYthe same area.

This ESIA study was made in accordance with Total E&P standards and specifications GS EP ENV120 iEnvironmental Impact Assessment; and GS EP SDV 102 i Social Impact Assessment. TEPM requestedthat the ESIA Report should be as concise as possible and operationally focused, highlightingenvironmental and social sensitivities and with recommendations to mitigate predicted impact especiallyduring operations. The Study has been updated in order to line up with the new Myanmar regulatoryframework covering ESIAs.

A Commitment Register has been produced which is intended to be used by TEPM during the tenderingphase of contractor selection. An Environmental and Social Management Plan has also beenincorporated, which will be further detailed after selection of the contractor.

0.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

The proposed exploration drill ing area is located near the boundary between blocks M05 and M06, in theExclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Myanmar in the Andaman Sea (Figure 0-1). The minimumsea depth in the proposed drilling area ranges between 25 m (north) and 65 m (south).

0



/ 8512268 / July 2016 16

Figure 0-1 Geographical location of the proposed exploration well M6-B1

(Data source: GEBCO, 2014)

0



/ 8512268 / July 2016 17

0.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The project is expected to be carried out early 2017. The expected duration of the drilling operation isexpected to be 35 days. If gas is found, an additional 3 days will be used on the project for performing welltesting.

A single exploration well, known as M6-B1, is to be drilled.

The campaign has three stages: (i) mobilization of the equipment, (ii) well drilling process, and (ii i)demobilization.

0.3.1 Mobilisation of the equipment

The drilling unit that will normally be used for drilling onthe block M05/M06 carbonate exploration project will bea Jack-up drilling rig. Suitable for shallow waters (up to120 metres depth), a jack-up rig is a bottom supportedMobile Offshore Drill ing Unit (MODU) that rests on thesea floor, rather than floating above the dril ling area. Thistype of rig consists of a series of long support legs and aworking platform which is able to rest above the surfaceof the water once the legs have been lowered into thesea bottom (see Figure 0-2).

The drilling unit has not yet been selected for the BlockM05/M06 carbonate exploration drilling, but it will havesimilar characteristics to those of the West Callisto rig,used for the Yadana exploration drilling project in 2012.

Two supply vessels will transport catering provisions,supplies, casing/tubing, fuel, drilling water, fresh water,mud and cementing materials to the drilling rig. Supply vessels will also transport used lubrication oils andwaste from the drilling rig for onshore disposal. While the drilling unit wil l be operational at the welllocation, a temporary 500 m statutory safety zone around the drilling unit will be in force, i.e. no othervessels (except the dril ling uYT_m^ ^`[[Z]_ aP^^PW^% XLd PY_P] _ST^ L]PL'

The use of a helicopter is also planned for crew change and visitors between the coast and the rig. Amedium range helicopter for exclusive use during the drill ing campaign will be selected. It is anticipatedthat there would have a minimum of twenty-eight scheduled flights during the operations.

TEPM will use the foreign port of Ranong (Thailand) or possibly Thekata as logistic base for themobilization of drilling vessels and equipment.

0.3.2 Well drilling process

In order to drill, a marine riser is lowered from the working platform to the seabed with a blowout preventer(BOP) at the bottom that connects to the wellhead. Wells are drilled by using bits that chip off pieces ofrock or other substrate, called cuttings. The drill bit is connected to the surface by segments of hollowpipe, which together are called the drill string.

Figure 0-2 Example of a shallow draft jack-up drilling unit (Source: offshore-mag, 2015)

0



/ 8512268 / July 2016 18

Drilling mud is pumped down through the centre of the drill string and returned to the surface through thespace between the drill string and the rock formations or casing, known as the annulus. Cuttings areremoved from the bottom of the hole thanks to this drilling mud, a specially formulated mixture of naturalclays, polymers, weighting agents and/or other materials suspended in a fluid medium. They will beseparated from the drill ing fluid aboard the drill ing unit by pumping through a series of shale shakers andX`O NWPLYP]^' GSP O]TW WTYR QW`TO^ bTWW MP _]PL_PO LYO _SPY ^PY_ MLNV _S]Z`RS _SP bPWW LYO _S]Z`RS _SP ]TRm^mud handling system. Cutting wastes will be directly discharged to sea after treatment.

Drilling is stopped at regular intervals to allow new sections of pipe to be added to the drill string or toreplace the drill bit.

As the well is drilled, metal casing is placed inside the well to line it and stabilize the hole to prevent it fromcaving in. The casing also isolates aquifers and hydrocarbon-bearing zones through which the wellpassed, thus preventing liquids or gases from entering the well prematurely. After each casing string isinstalled, it is cemented in place. The casing also provides a firm point for the attachment of the BOPstack.

A conductor casing serves as a support during drillingoperations, to flow back returns during drilling andcementing of the surface casing, and to preventcollapse of the loose soil near the surface. After thesurface casing is cemented in place (Figure 0-3) andthe BOP stack is installed on the well head, a dril lingriser is run vertically to connect the well from theseafloor up to the drilling rig. This provides a pipe sothat the cuttings and dril ling mud can return to thedril ling rig. The riser extends from the wellhead andBOP stack at seabed level to the rig. The riser consistsof a large diameter pipe, similar to casing, withexternally mounted sections of control lines and choke,kill and booster lines running alongside it. It isequipped with a flex joint at the lower end and atelescopic joint at the upper end to allow the rig tomove. Riser tensioners hold the riser in tension. In theevent of severe weather or a temporary wellsuspension, the riser can be disconnected at the BOPstack. After a disconnection event, the riser can be re-run and re-connected to continue the drillingoperations.

In the case of discovery, production tests known as dril l stem tests, will be performed to evaluate thecharacteristics of the well and the reservoir. In case of hydrocarbon discovery on BM5-M6, two tests willbe performed, lasting 10 days each. It is expected that wells will be 100% gas producers, do not containany H2S and the gas stream will range between 5 - 15 i 35 MMsc/d. The water resulting from productiontest will be discharged at sea after close loop filtration or stored in surge tanks for backload. The waterfiltration will allow to lower HC content to acceptable levels.

Figure 0-3 Different types of casing forming thewell (Source: Artelia)

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 19

0.3.3 Demobilization

At the end of the project, the well will be sealed. This consists in placing mechanical and cement plugs atstrategic depths in the wellbore to separate and to permanently seal off the various zones. Then, thedril ling unit will be demobilized and sent to its next assignment.

0.3.4 Summary of the project components likely to impact the environment

An offshore exploration drill ing campaign may generate emissions to air, wastewater and liquiddischarges, and production of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Abnormal discharges such as spillsor losses of oil and/or chemicals are also possible.

A brief description of the types of emissions and discharges that are expected to be generated from theexploration drilling campaign is presented below:

* Atmospheric emissions are mainly associated with engine combustion needed to operate thedrilling rig and its equipment, logistic support vessels and the use of helicopters for personnelrotations. Approximately 10 ktonnes of CO2 equivalent per well (including) well testing will bereleased during the Project activities.

* Cuttings may contain hydrocarbons from the reservoir. They are generally treated on-board tomeet the specification expected by relevant Myanmar regulation and MARPOL 73/78requirements. If the specification is reached, the cuttings will be discharged into the sea.Otherwise, the material will be treated ashore (thermal desorption). The expected volume ofcuttings is about 425 m3 per well.

* The majority of the Cement and cement additives used for securing the casing remains in thewell. Spacer and excess lead slurry from the cementing of thP QT]^_ NL^TYR ^_]TYR $,/k% bTWW MP

discharged close to the seabed. This cement does not settle but slowly dissolves into seawater.

* Wastewater is generally associated with domestic and sanitary wastewater (black and grey water)and bilge deck water. These water streams will be managed by the water storage and treatmentdevices on-board:

The deck water comprises rainwater and deck washing water of the rig and vessels. The run-offwater is collected by an open drain system. Considering a typical drilling rig LYO _d[TNLW aP^ PW mdeck dimensions (Rig: 50x100 and vessel 2x10x30; sum : 5600 m2) as well as the typical annualrainfall values during dry season (December to April) in Myanmar (~10 mm/month in average), arough estimation of the total deck water to be produced during the exploration dril ling campaign is71 m3per well.

Bilge water refers to water accumulated in the vessel holds and contains infi ltration water, oilresidues or any other product that may have been stored. Considering typical values such as15 m3/day for the MODU and 8 m3/day for each vessel, the total of bilge water discharged at sea isaround 1,200 m2/well.

In order to minimize the potential impacts associated with oils in bilge and deck wash-down water,no water will be discharged without prior on-board treatment. These wastewater releases willcomply with relevant Myanmar regulations and MARPOL 73/78 requirements.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 20

Stored in specially designated ballast tank, ballast water can be mixed with no other contaminants.No discharge of ballast water is expected to be done during the project; the rig will normally arriveon site de-ballasted and ballasted supply vessels will perform rotations within the same marineeco-zone.

Domestic and sanitary wastewater will be generated as a result of the human presence on the rigand vessels during the exploration drill ing campaign. Considering the total number of personsworking on the drilling rig and vessels as ~125 persons and the flow rate determined by the USBureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) for EIA in theGulf of Mexico (75 L/person/day for black water and 110 L/person/day for grey water), theestimated total generation for one well is of ~355 m3 of black water and 520 m3 of grey water. Thewastewater will be treated and monitored before being stored and bring ashore.

* Exploration dril ling operations produce solid waste (food packaging, paper or waste frommaintenance work) and very low amounts of hazardous waste (medical waste, chemicals). Solidand liquid wastes will be managed in accordance with the provisions of the waste managementsystems and procedures outlined in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ofthe rig operator. In particular, the waste streams will be categorized onboard at source for thepurpose of segregation and temporary storage prior to shipping to shore by the barge fortreatment or disposal in an approved facility. No incinerator is forecasted on-board. 100% ofgarbage collected will be treated onshore.

* The estimated quantities of each waste are based on the quantities of waste manifested duringsimilar exploration drilling projects performed by a comparable semi-submersible rig and vessels(Noble Paul Romano) in 2012. That is, an estimated total quantity of ~19 tonnes of waste for onewell will be produced during the drilling campaign.

* The potential impact of the light emission of ships and drilling rig is expected to be minor, mainlydue to the optimal use of light sources, and the fact that no flaring is programmed on the drill ingcampaign exploration. However, the underwater noise due to the drilling operations (use ofmachines and equipment from the drilling rig, vessels and helicopters) can impact sensitivespecies (whales, fish, etc.). Noise will be atmospheric, but also submarine due to vessels andanchoring activities.

* In degraded mode, drilling activity can cause accidental release of higher or lower risk.

0.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT AND ITSSENSITIVITIES

0.4.1 Physical environment

0.4.1.1 Physical characteristics of the prospected area

The prospected area is located on the Ayeyarwady continental shelf in the northern Andaman Sea at theborder with the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of Martaban. The seabed around the location of theexploration area consists of high proportions of silt and clay, with high nutrient contents and organics. This

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indicates a sediment environment in generally good condition, with chemical and physical characteristicswhich would be reasonably sensible to changes in physical composition as a result of seabed disturbance.

Sediment is considered of low sensitivity.

Ocean currents around the prospected area are strongly dominated by the monsoon winds. Mean speedsare 0.4 m/s with possible peaks approaching 2.0 m/s due to relatively steady monsoon winds. Thesecurrents decrease rapidly with depth below the surface (mean speeds 0.15 m/s near the bottom). Sincethe proposed exploration drill ing campaign will possibly be carried out early 2017, during the Northeastmonsoon, a clockwise direction of currents is expected during this period.

Water quality in the region of the project area is considered to be good, with acceptable chemical waterquality characteristics. Although anthropogenic pollution has been recorded in surrounding blocks, thepresence of pollution on Block M5-M6 is not known.

Water quality is considered of low sensitivity.

0.4.1.2 Climate

The prospected area is located in the Northern Andaman Sea, with a climate characterized by strongmonsoon influences, which generates high moisture levels over the south and south-west part of the area.The highest relative humidity in the study area occurs in mid-summer, reaching an average of 82%. Thewind regime in the vicinity of the project area is gentle to moderate, with 50% of the winds throughout theyear exceeding 4.5 m/s and 10% exceeding 8.5 m/s (EMS of Yadana and Sein fields, Sogreah Magelis,2011). Wind direction during January is generally from the South i Southeast quadrant.

The sensitivity of the atmospheric environment to changes in atmospheric emission concentrations in themagnitudes predicted as part of the exploration project is expected to be fairly low due to the other similarindustrial activities currently undertaken in the adjacent areas. Air quality within the project area is notidentified as a specific issue.

The sensitivity of the air quality is very low.

The M6 Block area is considered to be potentially exposed to multiple natural hazards; tropical stormsbeing the most relevant (OCHA, 2013). The most risky season occurs from May to November, with ahigher risk in October.

Since the exploration dril ling will take place in early in the year, it is not likely that the project will beexposed to tropical storm or cyclone hazards during this period.

Vulnerability to natural disaster in the prospected area is very low.

0.4.2 Biological environment

0.4.2.1 Planktonic and zooplanktonic communit ies

The Andaman sea is very productive with high phytoplankton densities during the Northeast monsoon(November). Although Oscillatoria erythraea and Proboscia alata are dominant species, a total number of43-55 phytoplankton species was found near the proposed project site. A rich abundance of zooplanktongroups, including calanoid copepods, poecilostomatoid copepods and arrow worms is found present in theproject area.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 22

The sensitivity of these communities is low.

0.4.2.2 Benthic communities

Benthic communities are likely to be well presented in terms of species and abudance within the projectarea.

Benthic communities are considered of low sensitivities.

0.4.2.3 Pelagic fish communities

The pelagic fish community is widespread and relatively eclectic in its distribution. A wide variety of jacks,tunnys, barracudas, flying fish, sharks and rays are included in this community that extends across theentire Indian Ocean. A total of 37 pelagic fish species were identified by the IUCN as threatened withdifferent levels of vulnerability in Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal. All species may potentially be found inthe project area.

The sensitivity of these species is low.

0.4.2.4 Marine mammals (cetacean/sirenian)

A total of 29 marine mammal species have been recorded by the IUCN with different levels ofvulnerabil ity:

* 2 species are endangered (EN) facing very high risk of extinction in the wild: the Blue Whale(Balaenoptera musculus) and the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus);

* 4 species are classified as vulnerable (VU) facing high risk of extinction in the wild: the Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides), the Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaellabrevirostris), the Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and the Dugong (Dugong dugon). TheDugongs are rare and are mostly found west of the Irrawaddy Delta and further north of the maincoastline.

* 1 species is near threatened (NT): the Indo-pacific Hump-backed Dolphin (Sousa chinensis).

A total of 10 species are likely to be found within the project area.

The sensitivity for these marine mammals is medium.

0.4.2.5 Marine turtles

Amongst the turtle species present in Myanmar, 5 species breed regularly on Myanmar's beaches,including the Olive Ridley Turtle Lepoidochelys olivacea (vulnerable), the loggerhead Caretta caretta(endangered), the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (endangered), the Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelysimbricata (critically endangered), and Leather Back Turtle Dermochelys coriacea (critically endangered).Most observations of turtles are typically within 15 kilometers of mainland shores in protected, relativelyshallow marine waters (22-55 m). However, all the marine turtles species recorded in Myanmar may occurin the M5-M6 Block during migratory movements to and from nesting beaches along the coast withexception of the Loggerhead turtle.

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Marine turtle sensitivity is medium.

0.4.2.6 Seabirds

A total of threatened 20 seabird species are currently identified by the IUCN in Myanmar waters. Amongstthese species, 4 species are identified as near threatened and 16 species are recorded as least concernon the IUCN Red List.

Taking into account the typical habitat of these seabirds, seven species could potentially occur within theproject area: four of these are listed as least concern species and three are listed as near threatenedspecies.

The sensitivity of seabirds is low.

0.4.3 Coastal environment

0.4.3.1 Mangroves

ALYR]ZaP^ LWZYR _SP AdLYXL]m^ NZL _ L]P [L]_TN WL]Wd ` PO L^ L ^Z ]NP ZQ QT]PbZZO LYO NSL]NZLW QZrcooking, wood for construction and fisheries. The nearest mangrove areas are located ~70 km from theexploration drilling project on the SEpart of the mouth of the Irrawaddy Delta.

Mangrove sensitivity is low.

0.4.3.2 Seagrass

No seagrass are present in the Irrawaddy Delta and Gulf of Martaban coastal region where water turbidityis very high because of the enormous sediment discharges from upstream watersheds. These species arefound mainly in the Rakhine and Tanintharyi coastal regions.

The sensitivity of seagrass is very low.

0.4.3.3 Seaweed

Among the species observed in Myanmar, Sargassum and Hypnea are the most abundant.

The sensitivity of seaweed is low.

0.4.3.4 Coral reefs

Coral Reef formation in the Irrawaddy coastal zone is restricted to the Thamihla Kyun, Coco and Preparisislands which lie far outside the zone of influence of river runoff. The M6 Block is located at ~160 km and125 km northeast of Great Coco and Preparis Islands respectively. Thamihla Kyun Island is located~70 km northwest from the project location.

Coral reef sensitivity is low.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 24

0.4.3.5 Marine reptiles

Regarding sea snakes, all the species identified by the IUCN in Myanmar coastal waters have beenTOPY_TQTPO L^ MPTYR ZQ lWPL _ NZYNP]Ym'

The saltwater crocodile (Crocodilus porosus) has been recorded in swampy coastal areas throughout theregion, as well as occasionally being observed in the open sea. This species is listed by the IUCN as leastconcern, and it is not considered significant in the context of the exploration drilling project.

Marine reptile sensitivity is very low.

0.4.3.6 Marine mammals

Two species of marine mammals typical of coastal areas of the Andaman Sea can possibly be foundwithin the M5-M6 Block. These include:

* Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) (Vulnerable);

* Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) (Least Concern).

The sensitivity of these species is medium.

0.4.3.7 Coastal ecosystems

The M5/M6 Block is located ~70 km offshore the mouth of the Irrawaddy Delta, one of the most importantcoastal ecosystems in the country.

Coastal ecosy^_PXm^ PY^T_TaT_d T^ XPOT`X'

0.4.4 Sensitive protected areas

0.4.4.1 Sensitive areas

There are three sensitive areas located in the proximity of the M5-M6 block project area:

* Meinmahla Kyun and Kadonlay Kyun Islands located at ~40 km and ~35 km north, respectively, ofthe project area.

* Thamihla Kyun known as Diamond Island located at ~70 km northwest of the project area.

Each of these three sensitive areas is identified with low sensitivity.

0.4.4.2 International protected areas

Myanmar has one identified Ramsar site which is not considered to be affected by the project and 1Important Bird Area (the Irrawaddy Delta) that could be affected by the project activities.

International protected areas are identified with low sensitivity.

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0.4.5 Societal offshore environment

0.4.5.1 Offshore fishery (industrial fishing)

The project is located in the offshore fishery zone, where 2,000 fishermen are registered to operate andfrom where foreign fishing activities have been recently banned. Despite being at a long distance from thecoast (~70 km), the shallow water depths (around 100 m) indicates the possibility of encounteringnumerous fishing boats, a fact confirmed by the fishery monitoring conducted by TEPM for theneighboring Yadana gas field (located ~7 km from the drilling location). There are also indications thatThai fishing vessels frequently and illegally operate in the area.

The sensitivity is considered medium.

0.4.5.2 Marine traffic

The project is not located on any major international or regional shipping lanes, and marine traffic isexpected to be limited to TEPM vessels at the drilling area.

The sensitivity is very low.

0.4.5.3 Port infrastructure

TEPM will use the foreign port of Ranong (Thailand) as logistics base for the mobilization of drillingvessels and equipment.

The sensitivity is very low.

0.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSEDPROJECT

The consultants who conducted this study took into account all the project activities, such as (i) theconsumption of natural resources (use of freshwater, fuel oil, chemical products, dril ling mud andadditives), (ii) the atmospheric emissions, light and noise, (iii) the discharge of various effluents due to thepresence of living quarters aboard and residual water in the sea, (iv) waste, (v) the disturbance to theseabed (installation of drilling rig, etc.), (vi) physical presence (presence of the dril ling rig, supportsvessel), (vii) the introduction of invasive marine species, (vii i) accidental release, (viii) the use of labor,subcontracting and supply, etc.

The residual impact1 assessment indicates that the M05-M06 carbonate exploration drill ing project willresult in negligible or minor for residual impacts following the implementation of recommended mitigationmeasures. Thus, it is concluded that the drilling activities will be of low overall residual impact magnitudeand short duration.

A synthesis of the main environmental and societal issues is summarized below.

1 Once the mit igat ion measures , monitoring and optimization have been applied

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* Marine sediments and benthic communities are expected to be principally affected by thedrilling activities. The use of drilling fluids with low toxicity and high biodegradability will ensurenegligible toxic effects. There may be physical disturbance of the sediments during the installationof the Jack-up rig (bottom supported MODU) and drill ing activities. However, these impacts will belocalised and short-term (35 days per well). Drilling operations are not expected to have anynoticeable effect on the marine sediment.

In addition, drilling operations occur in an area where the seafloor is already affected by the O&Gactivities (i.e., Yadana complex for instance).

* Drilling operations are expected to have a temporary detectable impact on water quality. Theimpact will affect only a localized area in the immediate vicinity of the discharges. The sources ofimpact are the wastewater discharges from the MODU and the vessels. All discharges shall be incompliance with international standards (e.g., IFC) and conventions (e.g., MARPOL).

* The impact on pelagic environment of drill ing discharges and waste generated by operations willessentially come from the discharge of treated drill cuttings. Impacts from deck drainage, sewageand sanitary discharges will be negligible given the low levels of discharge and the short-termoperation (35 days per well). Pelagic fish species and other vertebrates are highly mobile and willmove away if they encounter unfavorable water conditions. Impacts on the pelagic environmentfrom dril ling operations are expected to be negligible.

Noise levels during dril ling operations may affect pelagic communities, but it will be short term andat a small scale. Normal operations will have no significant impact on the pelagic communities. It isconsidered unlikely that extraneous light from any operations would cause disturbance.

Moreover, drilling operations occur in an area where the seafloor is already affected by the O&Gactivities (i.e., Yadana complex for instance).

* The GHG emissions from the future drilling project on the air quality will be negligible and short-term compared to a typical FPSO development project. A total number of around 10 kilo tonnesCO2 equivalent is expected to be generated over 35 days (estimated duration of the project). Theemission will come mainly from exhaust gas generated by diesel consumption required for thepower generation of the MODU.

Overall, the GHG emissions of the Project can be considered as negligible compared to Myanmarglobal GHG emissions. There may be a short-term detectable change in the air quality within theimmediate area, though pollutants will be rapidly dispersed. No noticeable long term effect on thelocal or regional air quality is expected.

* Noise impacts may occur during drilling activities, however they will be short term and at a smallscale. A key factor for noise impact is the remote location of the project which is located 70 kmoffshore, away from people and any environmentally sensitive areas. Added to this, potentialimpacts from extraneous light or odor are expected to be negligible compared to the existing mainsources arising from lighting and the flare of the Yadana complex.

* Potential impact from solid wastes generated by the project will be limited as the waste will betransported to onshore treatment facilities at the logistic base of TEPM in Ranong (or Thekata).

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* Since chemicals and other hazardous materials are in common use in the oil industry, there is aninherent risk of spill to be considered and consequently damage to the environment. The mainmeasures applicable to chemicals and hazardous materials during a spill are:

Chemicals will be stored in tote tanks and drums stored in designated areas with bundling toprevent spillages; Separate storage areas will be provided for incompatible substances.

The potential impact of a spill occurring is considered as minimal. TEPM will ensure facil ities willbe designed and operated following best practices in accordance with local and internationalregulation.

* There will be a positive economic impact from the drilling project due to the increase of direct andindirect employment. As the field is located offshore, there will be no direct effects on the coastalpopulation of Myanmar living within the Irrawaddy Delta and coastal islands.

* Imposition of permanent and temporary exclusion zone will inevitably have some slights impactson navigation. However, it is considered as minor due to the location of the drilling project awayfrom the main shipping lanes. These zones will be clearly posted in notices to mariners minimizingany potential effects. The additional footprint will come only from the logistic vessels and themobilisation/demobilisation of MODU.

* Potential impact coming from obstruction of fishing routes and fishing areas (coastal andoffshore) is considered as minor, particularly considering that the site lies very close to the Yadanafield: restriction zone and maritime lines will be determined in relation with local authorities to avoidany conflict of maritime use. TEPM will install l ighting, acoustic and other equipment necessary forthe safety of the petroleum operations. TEPM will also minimize as much as possible anyobstruction/travel within coastal and offshore fishing areas.

The routes for the logistics vessels (between the onshore base and the exploration dril ling area)that are already approved by TEPM and the local authorities will be used for the exploration drillingproject.

0.6 RECOMMENDED DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALMANAGEMENT PLAN

This ESIA provides a recommended approach to developing a Project Environmental and SocialManagement Plan, which will deliver the agreed management and mitigation measures identified in thereport. The final and issued ESMP will need to be developed by Total E&P Myanmar and its selecteddril ling contractor before the start of the project.

The document incorporates the principles of Total E&P standards:

* GS-EP-ENV 001 (Environmental Requirements for Project Design and E&P Activities)

* GS-EP-ENV-120 (Environmental Impact Assessment of E&P activities).

The general objective of the ESMP is to establish required and adequate tools to eliminate, mitigateand/or compensate environmental and social impacts identified in the ESIA throughout dril ling activities inblock M05-M06.

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The ESMP describes procedures, resources, roles and responsibility regarding:

* Implementation of mitigation measures proposed in the ESIA;

* Control of any environmental issues related to the Project.

For each proposed measure, the ESMP defines the technical content, operational program, organizationand means of results control. The ESMP develops with the project in a logical improvement.

The requirements of the ESMP may need to be further incorporated into working documents such asStandard Operating Procedures, Work Procedures, etc. and their dissemination guaranteed by adequatebriefing and training of identified, relevant personnel.

The ESIA has generated the recommendation of the following specific plans for the project.

* Preventive Maintenance Plan (for optimization and servicing of engines and other equipments)

* Chemical Management Plan

* Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

* Operational Discharge Management Plan

* Ballast Water Management System and Record Book

* Drilling Cuttings and Fluid Disposal Plan

* Waste Management Plan

* Blowout Contingency Plan

* Oil Spill Contingency Plan

* Emergency Response Plan

* Communications Plan

* Grievance Mechanism (for handling of complaints by project stakeholders and third parties)

* Training and Awareness Programme

* Monitoring Plan (through which the efficacy of management and mitigation measures can beverified).

These plans and procedures will mostly be developed by the Contractor and approved and supervised byTEPM person Responsible for Safety and Environment on Site (RSES) and HSE department.

2


Introduction r 06/16

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SECTION 2. INTRODUCTIONThis section presents the context and area of the study as well as its authors. It also describes theobjectives and limits of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).

2.1 CONTEXT

Gas production from Yadana Blocks M5 and M6 (approximately 8 billion cubic meters a year) currentlysupplies half of all gas consumed by Myanmar and some 15% of gas consumed by neighbouringThailand.

Since 2014, TOTAL is pursuing its investment in gas exploration to continue to meet local energy needsLYO ^ [[Z]_ AdLYXL]m^ R]Zb_S TY _SP dPL]^ _Z NZXP' In fact, further large-scale works began on BlocksM5 and M6 of the Yadana complex with the aim of developing the Badamyar field and installing anadditional compression platform. This will allow the Yadana consortium to maintain plateau productionuntil well after 2020.

TOTAL Exploration & Production Myanmar (Operator) is also actively pursuing exploration activitiesbeyond Blocks M5 and M6. In February 2015, it signed an exploration contract for deep offshore BlockKJ6 $*))"% LQ_P] ^`NNP^^Q WWd MTOOTYR TY _SP AdLYXL] RZaP]YXPY_m^ +)*, NLWW QZ] _PYOP]^' CY CN_ZMP]8th, 2015, TOTAL entered with a 40% interest the A6 Joint venture operated by Woodside (40%) andMPRL (20%). On January 4th, 2016, a gas discovery was announced with the drilling of the deep offshore(2000 m) well Shwe Yee Htun 1.

Today, TOTAL Exploration & Production Myanmar (TEPM) has scheduled an exploration dril lingcampaign in the northern Andaman Sea, within Block M6. Following preliminary interpretation of _SP j,55-,75k ^PT^XTN ^ ]aPd, carried out in 2014 on the same area, the Company is expected to dril l oneexploration well: the M6B-1, which is the subject of the present Environmental and Social ImpactAssessment report.

2.2 PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT

Total is the operator of the Yadana Field (31.2%), in partnership with:

* Unocal Myanmar (Chevron): 28.3%,

* Petroleum Authority of Thailand Exploration and Production (PTTEP): 25.5%

* Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE Myanmar, 100% State Owned Enterprise, Ministry ofEnergy): 15%.

Total E&P Myanmar is present in Myanmar since 1992. Total currently operates the Yadana gas field witha 31.2% interest with a Production Sharing Contract signed with Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise(MOGE). MOGE, created in 1963, is responsible for general oil and gas exploration and production inMyanmar, as well as domestic gas transmission through a 1,200-mile onshore pipeline network.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 31

Commercial production began in 2000 with an expected field life of 30 years. With the Yadana project,Total has employed 2,500 people during the construction phase and currently employs 800 for theZ[P]L_TYR [SL^P4 2." ZQ _SP NZX[LYdm^ bZ]VQZ]NP T^ AdLYXL] YL_TZYLW'

2.1 PRESENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EXPERTS

The EIA study was undertaken by the team of environmental and social consultants of Artelia Eau etEnvironment i ET^V FZNTP_d LYO 9YaT]ZYXPY_ HYT_ P_ Z _ TY 5]_PWTLm^ Project Proposal. The team wasbased in France and Myanmar, and the study conducted between May and June 2016.

Table 2-1 Presentation of the team of experts

Name Specific knowledge / skills In charge of

Maud DELLONG Environmental engineer

Section 2

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 10

Section 11

Charles BOUHELIER Environmental engineer,based in Yangon

Section 1

Section 3

Section 9

Responsible of the datacollection

Meeting with the identifiedstakeholders

Philip BUTLER Senior HSE engineer

Section 8

Technical peer review,QA/QC

2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is now a regulatory requirement from Myanmarauthorities to obtain the permit to launch the drilling activities, and an internal requirement for Total. TheESIA provides information on environmental issues and mitigation measures that will be implementedduring the operations to mitigate environmental impacts. The ESIA will be submitted to the Ministry of

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Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, and then disclosed in accordance with relevantlegislation.

The ESIA was prepared in compliance with the new EIA regulation and procedure (Notification N°616 of29 December 2015) of the Myanmar, International legislation addressing offshore petroleum industry andTotal E&P Myanmar standards and specifications:

* GS EP ENV 120 i Environmental Impact Assessment;

* GS EP SDV 102 i Social Impact Assessment.

The ESIA aims are:

* Explaining this offshore exploration project, on the basis of information provided by TOTAL E&PMyanmar;

* Ensuring that environmental and social considerations are clearly quoted and integrated in thedecision-making process of the project;

* Recommending procedures and practices to be followed during the project to ensure thatenvironmental and social effects are avoided, minimized or mitigated.

* Providing guidance on environmental management programs, including auditing and contingencyplanning.

2.3 EIA METHODOLOGY

The proposed dril ling EIA methodology involved screening/scoping, description of the existingenvironment, impact identification and evaluation, development of mitigation measures, and elaboration ofguidelines for an Environmental and Social Management Plan, in compliance with TOTAL standards.

The description of the existing environment of the M5/M6 Block was based on data from literatureresearch and past studies performed in the area. As an example, the Marine mammal observation report,which was performed on the proposed exploration drilling area in 2014, was used in the present report.Therefore, since numerous environmental surveys of Yadana and Badamyar fields have been performedand the conditions were considered to be very similar by TOTAL, the scope of work did not include theperformance of a specific EBS for the M5/M6 Block.

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Policy, legal and Institutional framework r 06/16

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SECTION 3. POLICY, LEGALAND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter provides a brief description of applicable environmental legislative framework existing inMyanmar LYO GCG5@m^ NZ][Z]L_P ]P\ T]PXPY_^ QZ] [P]QZ]XTYR an ESIA. The relevant requirements andstandards pertaining to the project for each technical sub topic are defined under the new Myanmarlegislation, applicable international conventions ratified by the government of Myanmar LYO GCG5@m^

corporate requirements.

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) issued a new procedurefor evaluating the environmental impact of local projects, as well as guidelines on emissions. ThisProcedure, called the Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) Procedure (Ministry of EnvironmentalConservation and Forestry - Notification No. 616 / 2015), was drafted with support from AsianDevelopment Bank and based on guidelines from the International Finance Corporation.

Considering the item 132/16 of the annex 1, the Ministry will categorize the drilling appraisal project ofNL]MZYL_P L^ LY j9>5 _d[P LN_TaT_d Z] []ZUPN_k bSTNS XPLY^ _SP YPPO _Z [P]QZ]X L ^NZ[TYR [SL^P LYO L Q WWEIA/EMP report. In other words, the following process will be followed.

Figure 3-1 New EIA procedure: Ministry of the Environmental Conservation and Forestry(now MONREC), Notification N°616 of 29 December 2015

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 34

Considering the item 132/16 of the annex 1, the Ministry will categorize the drilling appraisal project ofNL]MZYL_P L^ LY j9>5 _d[P LN_TaT_d Z] []ZUPN_k& bSTNS XPLY^ _SP YPPO _Z [P]QZ]X L ^NZ[TYR [SL^P LYO L Q WWEIA/EMP report.

The relevant EIA has been developed according to the new Environmental Law and TOTAL E&Prequirements.

This section is presented as a synthetic table with the relevant regulation applied in the case ofexploration drilling program, a more detailed part is available in Appendix 1.

3.1 INSTITUTIONAL AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTION

Main international agreement and conventions signed by Myanmar and in line with the project activitiesare given in the table below.

Table 3-1 International agreements and convention in l ine with the project

International conventions and protocols Adherence of Myanmar in

International Plant Protection Convention (1952) 2006

RAMSAR convention 2005

United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange

2003

Asia Least Cost Greenhouse gas Abatement Strategy(ALGAS)

1998

Convention on International Trade in EndangeredSpecies of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

1997

Convention for the Protection of the World Culturaland Natura l Heri tage

1994

London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, London 1993

Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro 1992

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete theOzone Layer

1989

Vienna Convention for the protection of the OzoneLayer

1988

United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea 1986

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 35

Table 3-1 International agreements and convention in l ine with the project

International conventions and protocols Adherence of Myanmar in

International Convention on the Prevention ofPollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the protocolof 1978 (MARPOL 73/78)

1988

Myanmar has only rati fied annex I/II.Neverthe less, we have applied recommendation

of annex IV and V for th is IEE

E>D5A Z] 7C@E9< 7ZYaPY_TZY 0+ jNZWWT TZY]PR`WL_TZY 0+k

1987

The International Regulations for PreventingCol lisions at Sea 1972 (Colregs) are publishedby the International Maritime Organization ( IMO)and set out, among other things, the "rules ofthe road" or navigation rules to be followed byships and other vessels at sea to preventcol lisions between two or more vessels

SOLAS convention (Safety Of Life At Sea)

1987

International mari time safety treaty. It ensuresthat ships flagged by signatory States complywith minimum safety standards in construction,equipment and operation.

1948 Convention on the International MaritimeOrganization

1951

International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978(STCW)

1988

This convention concerns the project particularlyby its 2010 amendment which asks for newrequirements for marine environmentawareness training and training in leadershipand teamwork; and new training guidance forpersonnel operating Dynamic PositioningSystems.

3



/ 8512268 / July 2016 36

3.2 POLICY AND LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT

A summary of historic and current environmental legislation in Myanmar with relevance to the project isset out in the table below.

Table 3-2 Policy and legislation relevant to the project

Legislation Brief description of relevant issues

Environmental ImpactAssessment Procedure(MOECAF (now MONREC) iNotificat ion No. 616/2015)

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedure specif ies the type and scope ofenvironmental assessment required for all investment projects that could causeenvironmental and social harm. This procedure gives the methodology andrequirements to undertake an EIA, according to the project.

Nat ional EnvironmentalQuality (Emission) Guidelines

These national Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (hereafter referred to asGuidelines) prov ide the basis for regulat ion and control of noise and v ibration, airemissions , and liquid discharges from various sources in order to prevent pollution forpurposes or protect ion of human and ecosystem health.

Myanmar EnvironmentalConservat ion Rules (5th June2014)

These place responsibility on the Government to establish and adopt the necessaryprogramm es for the conservat ion and enhancement of environment, protection, controland reduction of pollution in environment, and conservation. An environmentmanagement fund has been created. Apart from state budget and other donation,polluters and people which obtain benef it f rom the natural environment service sys temwill have to compensate their action through the fund.

The Minis try may determ ine condit ions for hazardous waste treatment, treatment ofeff luent, storage and transport of hazardous products, constraint of production to protectthe environment.

The Rules reinforce the obligation for project developers to submit an EIA or an IEE.The ministry will publish a lis t of the categories of plan, business or activity which shallcarry out EIA or IEE.

EIA shall be conducted by a qualified third person or organization accepted by theMinistry.

Sets out the process to obtain prior permission for certain categories of projec t.

Myanmar Inves tment Rules(2013)

The Myanmar foreign investment rules contain several elements dealing withenvironmental protect ion, including:

Art. 33. Proposals for economic activities that are considered capital intensive by theCommission, and that are prescribed to undergo env ironmental impact assessment bythe Minis try of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservat ion have to besubmit ted along with Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.

Art. 54. The promoter or investor shall: (a) comply with Environmental Protection Law indealing with environmental protection matters related to the business;

Art. 123. If it is scrut inized and found out that the investor has carried out business thatcauses environmental pollution or has not taken action to minimize environmentalpollution at the land for which he is ent itled to lease or use, or if it is scrutinized andfound that the work carries out causes nuisance to the persons who reside around suchplace due to noise or by culture and if relevant persons officially object, the Commissionmay terminate the lease or tendering right to use after making necessary inquiry.

Art. 125. The investor, for operating any business , does not have the right to lease anddevelop the following lands:

(a) religious lands;

(b) cultural heritage and natural heritage regions des ignated by relevant Ministries;

(c) lands restricted for Union defence and security;

(d) lands under litigation;

3



/ 8512268 / July 2016 37


(e) lands restricted by the State from time to tim e;

(f) lands where exists place or building which may cause situations such as impact onpublic environment noise, pollution, impact on culture within urban residential area dueto the business of the investor.

Myanmar InvestmentCommission, Notificat ionNo.1/2013

This notif ication def ines which activities are prohibited or restricted for foreign investors.Exploration, drilling and production of oil and gas are allowed but require anEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessment that demonstrates to the Ministry incharge of the environment that it can be done safely.

Myanmar InvestmentCommission, Notificat ionNo.80/2016

This notification lines up the requirements for an ESIA with the main regulations, insteadof listing specific act iv ities (i.e. it abolishes the Myanmar Investment Commission,Notification No.50/2014 which becomes obsolete in face of the new legislation).

Prevention of Hazard fromChemical and RelatedSubstances Law (26th August2013)

The project owner will abide the provisions of section 15, 16, 17, 22, 27 and 30 of saidlaw, stating obligat ions related to chemicals and related substances: registration,training, instructions to abide by, mit igation measures, compensat ion for damages.

Nat ional Biodiversity Strategyand Action Plan (2012)

Established under Art icle 6 of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity inwhich each member country needs to develop its own National Biodiversity Strategy andAct ion Plan (NBSAP) to integrate conservat ion and the sustainable use of biodiversity.In order to fulfil this commitment to the Convent ion, Myanmar conduc ted a projec tentitled National Biodiversity Strategy and Act ion Plan in Myanmar (NBSAP Myanmar).

The NBSAP acts as the major guiding document for planning biodiversity conservationin the country, following its goal to provide a strategic planning framework for theeffective and efficient conservation and management of biodiversity and naturalresources based on greater transparency, accountability and equity

On 3rd May of 2012, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar adoptedthe Myanmar NBSAP by its Government Meeting No. 16/2012. The NBSAP is intendedto provide a comprehens ive framework for planning biodiversity conservation,management and ut ilization in a sustainable manner, as well as to ensure the long term^ ]aTaLW ZQ AdLYXL]m ]TNS MTZOTaP] T_d'

The EnvironmentalConservat ion Law (30thMarch, 2012)

GSP ZMUPN_TaP ZQ _ST^ @Lb T _Z TX[WPX PY_ AdLYXL]m BL_ TZYLW 9YaT]ZYXPY_LW DZWTNd&

enabling the basic principles and to give guidance for systematic integration ofenvironmental conservation matters in the sustainable development process.

The 7th art icle confers the following powers and funct ions to the Minis try:

* To set environmental quality standards* To prescribe emission s tandards* To formulate EIA and SIA systems* To ensure the polluter pays principle* To issue rules, regulations and by-laws as m ay be necessary with the

approval of the Union Government

On the basis of this law, EIA rules have been issued on the 5 th June 2014 by theMyanmar administration.

Conservat ion of W aterResources and Rivers Rules(2012)

Chapter 3 on Prevention of water pollution and Environmental Conservat ion in its Para(7C) mentions the wastewater produced from any factories and industries nearby therivers, channels and ports should be treated before discharge. Monitoring is required.Para (8E) s tates that everyone must take preventive measures in accordance withinternational standards in order to prevent the leakage/discharge of waste water andsewage into the rivers. Para (9) s tates that cost for pollut ion abatement is supported bythe polluter

Myanmar Investm ent Law(2012)

This Law provides elements on foreign investments in Myanmar. Art. 17: The dut ies ofthe investor are as follow:

3



/ 8512268 / July 2016 38


(f) mak ing no alteration of topography or elevat ion of the land obviously on which he isentitled to lease or use without the approval of the Commission;

(h) carrying out not to cause environmental pollut ion or damage in accord with existinglaws in respect of inves tment business;

The State SupplementaryAppropriation Law (2009) This Law is concerned with sanctioned allotm ent and administration of supplementary

expenditures and taking of loans for the respective persons mentioned in this law.

The Law Amending theProtect ion and Preservat ionof Cultural Heritage RegionsLaw (2009)

This Amendment is concerned with revis ing fines for failure to abide by this law.

To implement the protec tion and preservation policy with respect to perpetuation ofcultural heritage that has existed for many years; to protect and preserve the culturalheritage regions and the cultural heritage.

Nat ional SustainableDevelopment Strategy (2009)

This strategy concerns the sus tainable management of natural resources, integratedeconomic development, and sus tainable social development.

Cons titut ion of the Republic ofthe Union of Myanmar (2008)

The national constitution states that:

Art. 45: The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment.

Art 390: Every cit izen has the duty to assist the Union in carrying out the followingmatters: (a) preservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage; (b) environmentalconservat ion; (c) s triving for development of human resources ; (d) protect ion andpreservation of public property .

Law Amending the Ports Act(2008)

11. Sub-sect ion 2 of section 21 of the Ports Act shall be subs tituted as follows :

j$+% 5Yd [P]^ZY bSZ Md STX^PWQ Z] LYZ_SP] ^Z NL^ _ Z] _S]Zb^ LYd MLWWL^_ Z] ]`MMT^S Z]any such other thing or so discharges any oil or water mixed with oil, or the master ofany vessel from which the same is so cas t, thrown or discharged, shall be punishablewith f ine not exceeding fifty thousand kyats, and shall pay any reasonable expensesbSTNS XLd MP TYN`]]PO TY ]PXZaTYR _SP ^LXPk'

Law Amending the TerritorialSea and Maritime Zone Law(2008)

After Clause 3 of the Annex to the Territorial Sea and Maritime Zone Law, Clause 4 andClause 5 have been inserted with new Coordinates which have no impact on theoffshore M6 Block (and most ly conf ined to areas adjacent to Bangladesh).

Conservat ion of W aterResources and Rivers Law(2006)

Section 6 out lines prohibitions for the following activities:

* jBZ [P]^ZY ^SLWW LYNSZ] _SP aP^^PW bSP]P aP^ PW L]P []ZSTMT_PO Q]ZXanchoring in the rivers and creeks.

* No person shall dispose of engine oil, chemical, poisonous material and othermaterials which may cause environmental damage, or dispose of explosivesfrom the bank or from a vessel which is plying, vessel which has berthed,anchored, stranded or sunk.

* No one shall dispose of any substance into the river-creek that may causedamage to waterway or change of wL_P]NZ`]^P Q]ZX _SP MLYV Z] aP^^PW'k

The aims of this Law are as follows:

* to conserve and protect the water resources and river systems for benefic ialutilizat ion by the public;

* to smooth and enhance safety of waterways navigation along rivers andcreeks;

* to contribute to the development of State econom y through im proving waterresources and river systems;

3



/ 8512268 / July 2016 39


* to protect environmental impact.

The empowerment of this Law is prov ided to the Ministry of Transport for controllingnavigat ion of vessels in the rivers and creeks as well as communicating with local andforeign government and organizations for conservation of water resources , rivers andcreeks . Also, to carry out conservat ion works for water resources, rivers and creeks, inaccordance with the relevant internat ional conventions , regional agreements andbilateral agreements for environmental conservation.

Rules on protec tion of wildlifeand protected areaconservat ion law (2003)

Rules created to establish a procedural framework for the 1994 Protection of Flora andFauna, and Protected Area Conservation Law.

It includes rules for licence to Hunt Animals; for Fishing in Reserved Forests Wild LifeSanctuaries; for Restricting Imports and Exports of Animals; rules as to Rewards,Appointment of Gam e Wardens and General Powers and Penalt ies .

Kyoto Protocol to theConvent ion on ClimateChange, Kyoto (1997)

13/8/2003 (Accession)

The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by settinginternat ionally bundling emission reduction targets.

Myanmar Agenda 21 (1997)

The Myanmar Agenda 21 makes recommendations for the drafting and promulgation ofa fram ework law which can further promote the integration of environmental anddevelopmental concerns in the decision-making processes of the country .

The Myanmar Agenda 21 contains guidelines to address the following issues:

* increasing energy and material eff ic iency in production processes;

* reducing wastes from production and promoting recycling;

* prom oting use of new and renewable sources of energy;

* using environm entallysound technologies for sustainable product ion;

* reducing wasteful consumption;

* increasing awareness for sustainable consumption.

Nat ional Environment Policy(1994)

The National Environment Policy is reproduced below:

jGZ P^ _LMWT S ^Z`YO PYaT]ZYXPY_ [ZWTNTP^& `_TWT L_TZY ZQ bL_P]& WLYO& QZ]P^ _^& XTYP]LW&

marine resources and other natural resources in order to conserve the environment andprevent its degradation, the Government of the Union of Myanmar hereby adopts thefollowing policy: The wealth of the nat ion is its people, its cultural heritage, itsenvironment and its natural reso ]NP ' GSP ZMUPN_ TaP ZQ AdLYX L]m^ PYaT]ZYXPY_LW [ZWTNd

is aimed at achieving harmony and balance between these through the integrat ion ofenvironmental cons iderations into the development process to enhance the quality ofthe life of all its citizens. Every nation has the sovereign right to utilise its naturalresources in accordance with its env ironm ental polic ies; but great care mus t be takennot to exceed its jurisdict ion or infringe upon the interests of other nations. It is theresponsibility of the State and every citizen to preserve its natural resources in theinterests of present and future generations. Environmental protect ion should always be_SP []TXL]d ZMUPN_TaP TY ^PPVTYR OPaPWZ[XPY_'k

The Protection of Wildlife andWild Plants and Conservat ionof Natural Areas Law (1994)

Its object ive is to implement a Government policy for wildlife protection and naturalL]PL^ NZY^P]aL_TZY4 _Z jNL]]d Z _ TY LNNZ]OLYNP _Z TY_P]YL_TZYLW NZYaPY_TZY^ LNNPOPO Mdthe State in respect of the protect ion and conservat ion of wildlife, ecosystems andXTR]L_Z]d MT]O^k4 _Z []Z_PN_ PYOLYRP]PO ^[PNTP^ LYO _SPT] SLMT_L_^ LYO P^_LMWT^STYReZZWZRTNLW LYO MZ_LYTNLW RL]OPY^ LYO j_Z NZY_]TM`_P QZ] _SP OPaPWZ[XPY_ ZQ ]P^PL]NS LYOYL_ ]LW N TPYNPk'

3



/ 8512268 / July 2016 40


Of relevance the s tatement in Chapter 11 which outlines the penalties for whoeverNL`^P^ jbL_P] LYO LT] [ZWW`_TZY& NL`^ TYR OLXLRP _Z L bL_P]-course or putting poison in_SP bL_P] TY L YL_ ]LW L]PLk& LYO [Z^^P^ P^ Z] OT^[Z^P^ ZQ [ZWW`_LY_ Z] XTYP]LWpollutants in a natural area.

Union of Myanmar MarineFisheries Law (25 April 1990,amended 1993)

Especial relevance of this law the M6 Block project is that it places restric tion on[ZWW _TZY3 jBZ [P]^ZY ^SLWW OT^[Z^P ZQ WTaTYR L\`L_TN N]PL_ ]P^ Z] LYd XL_P]TLW TY_Z _SPMyanmar Marine Fisheries Waters to cause pollution of water or to harass fishes andZ_SP] XL]TYP Z]RLYT^X^'k

The Myanmar Insurance Law(July, 1993)

The objectives of this law:

a) to overcome financial difficult ies by effecting mutual agreement of insuranceagains t social and economic losses which the people may encounter, due tocommon perils,

b) to promote the habit of savings individually by effecting life assurance, thuscontribut ing to the accumulation of resource, of the State

c) to win the trust and confidence of the people in the insurance system byproviding effective insurance safeguards which may become necessary inview of the social and economic developments.

Territorial Sea and MaritimeZones law (1977)

The Union of Myanmar has exclusive jurisdiction for the construct ion, maintenance oroperat ion of offshore terminals and exc lusive jurisdict ion to preserve and protect themarine environment, and to prevent and control marine pollution

Public Health Law (1972)

Section 9 of this law em powers the Government to carry out measures relat ing toenvironmental health, such as garbage disposal, use of water for drinking and otherpurposes, radioact ivity, protec tion of air from pollution, sanitation works and food anddrug safety. However, detailed provisions do not exist to ensure m ore effective andcomprehensive regulat ion of these areas.

Penal Code (1 May 1961, andextended to public health lawin 1972)

The penal code is mainly concerned with public health; it is considered an offence tojaZW`Y_L]TWd NZ]]`[_ Z] QZ`W _SP bL_P] ZQ LYd [`MWTN ^[]TYR Z] ]P^P]aZT] ^Z L^ _Z ]PYOP] T_WP^^ QT_ QZ] _SP [ ][Z^P QZ] bSTNS T_ T^ Z]OTYL]TWd `^POk& Z] _Z [ZWW _P _SP L_XZ^[SP]Parising from sm oke, fumes, noxious odours, dust particles, noise and radioact ivesubstances.

The only control of water pollut ion in the country is through guidelines issued in June1994 by the Myanmar Investment Commission. These guidelines require that newprojects, from both foreign and private investments, have was te water treatment plantsor systems.

The Petroleum Act (1934) This act covers control (licensing requirements, and container requirements) and testingof petroleum in order to improve safety.

The Oilfields Act (1918)

This act provides clarificat ion on ac tivit ies within the oil and gas industry and providesthe Government with the power to define and alter limits of any notified oilfield. Inaddition, the Government can make rules for regulat ing all matters connected with manyoperat ions related to the extract ion of oil and/or gas. The Act also provides guidanceand issues such as preventing oil and gas wastes, reporting of fires, accidents and otheroccurrences and regulating the collection and disposal of both oil and gas.

The Law relating toAquaculture (1989)

This law gives the regulatory sett ings concerning Aquaculture: Lease or Licence, Dutiesand Fees, etc.

The Law Relating to theFishing Rights of ForeignFishing Vessels (1989) & LawAmending the Law Relating tothe Fishing Rights of ForeignFishing Vessels i 1993

The Law is divided into 11 Chapters: Title and Definit ion (I); Payment of Duties andFees (II); Dut ies and Rights of Entrepreneurs (permissions for foreign fishermen) (III );Duties and Powers of the Director-general (IV); Dut ies and Powers of Inspec tors(enforcement measures) (V); Duties of the Master (VI); Invalidity of Licence (VII);Appeals (VIII ); Prohibitions (IX); Offences and Penalt ies (X); Miscellaneous (XI).

3



/ 8512268 / July 2016 41


Settlement of Labor DisputeLaw (2012)

The Py idaungsu Hluttaw hereby enacts this Law for safeguarding the right of workers orhaving good relationship between employer and workers and making peacefulworkplace or obtaining the rights fairly, rightfully and quickly by sett ling the dispute ofemployer and worker justly.

3.3 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS RELEVANT TO THEPROJECT

The table below provides a summary of the international guidelines and standards that are consideredrelevant to the Project.

Whilst all of these Guidelines and Standards will be considered for the Impact Assessment component ofthis study, there will be an especial focus on IFC Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (2007,currently being re-O]LQ_PO%& TYNP _SP P L]P ^[PNTQTNLWWd ]PQP]PYNPO `YOP] AdLYXL]ms Environmental ImpactAssessment Rules, which are in advanced stage of drafting and consultation. Though these Rules are notbinding at the time of production of this report, they are likely to be so in the near future.

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4


Project description and alternative selection r06/16

/ 8512268 / July 2016 45

SECTION 4. PROJECTDESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVESELECTION

This section describes TOTAL E&P Myanmar projected activities in compliance with the newEnvironmental Impact assessment Procedure. The objective of the project is to drill one firm well (M6B-1),using a Jack-up drilling rig in order to further assess the gas productivity of the surveyed area. Allinformation used in this section, is based on data provided by TOTAL E&P Myanmar, available at the timeof the EIA elaboration.

4.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

The drilling will be performed inside the block M6, located offshore in the Andaman Sea, some 60 kmsouth of the nearest Myanmar shore, and some 15 nautical mile from the Yadana Complex.

Following primary interpretation of the 3D seismic survey performed in 2014 on the same area, one drill ingsite will be explored (as potential area for the new exploration project) (see Figure 4-2 Location of the M6-B1 survey area with respect to the Yadana complex). The exact location of the drilling is not known at thetime of the report.

The drilling will be performed in the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Myanmar in theAndaman Sea. The well wil l be drilled to 2,400 m below sea bed.

The well coordinates are presented in the table below.

4



/ 8512268 / July 2016 46

Figure 4-1 Location of blocks M5 and M6 and block M6-B1

(Data source: GEBCO, 2014)

4



/ 8512268 / July 2016 48

is found in the area, an additional 3 days will be used on the project for the performance of well testing.

4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE

4.2.1 Drilling unit (Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit)

The drilling unit proposed for the explorations wells will be a Jack-up drilling rig2.

Following bathymetry and gas reservoir characteristics, the jack-up drill ing rig will have the followingoperational parameters.

2 Jack-up rigs are suitable for shallower waters (up to 120 meters depth) and are safer than traditional barges as theworking platform is elevated above the water, thus reducing the surface area exposed to the forces of water movement.

A jack-up rig is a bottom supported MODU that res ts on the sea floor, rather than flooding barges which f loat above thedrilling area. The rig consis ts of a series of long support legs and a working platform which is able to rest above thesurface of the water once the legs have been lowered into the sea bottom.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 49

* Design : Cantilever type

* Max water depth : range 25-65 m MSL

* Air gap : +/- 30 M

* Cranes : Crane resting at +/- 36 m fromMSL

* Penetration of the jack-up leg into thesea floor : 20 m

* Max dril ling depth : 3500 m

* Weather deck : 25 m above MSL

* Main deck : 19 m above MSL

These types of MODUs are easily transported from one location to another as they float when the legs arenot deployed. Some types are self-propelled however most are towed via tugs or transported viasubmersible barges. Upon arrival, the legs are lowered into the seafloor through holes in the hull of thedril ling rig, and are preloaded, using the weight of the transport vessel which is used to drive the legs intothe sea floor. Once in place, a jacking system is used to raise the jack-up above the water level, leavingonly the legs exposed to wave, tidal and current forces. Most jack-ups are of a cantilever design, wherethe dril ling derrick is mounted on an arm extending outwards from the dril ling deck.

There are two main types of legs that are used on jack-ups. The first are open-truss legs made of criss-crossed tubular steel sections which are strong and lightweight. The second are huge steel tubes whichare more expensive but more reliable in deeper waters.

Jack-up legs are supported on the sea floor via either mats or spud cans. Mats are usually A-shaped andare connected to the bottom of each jack leg to distribute the weight of the rig across the sea floor. Spudcans are cylindrically shaped steel shoes with pointed ends which are usually used on independent-legged jack-ups. Spud cans are attached to the bottom of each leg, and the spike in the can is driven intothe ocean floor.

The drilling unit is not yet selected for the Block M6 exploration drill ing, but it will have similarcharacteristics than those of the West Callisto rig, used for the Yadana exploration drilling project in 2012.The West Callisto rig has the following features:

* General information:

( Length overall: 94-49 m

( Beam: 69-49 m

( Displacement: 4-45 kN

( Fuel consumption (avg drilling): 27-35 m3/day

( Range of water depth: 5 i 150 m

( Staff accommodation: 125

* Environmental limits:

( Transit (based on 91 m water depth)

' Maximum wave height: 15-24 m

' Maximum wave period: 14 sec

' Maximum wind velocity: 70 knots

' Maximum current velocity;: 1 knots

' Maximum heave (double amplitude):5 m

' Maximum pitch (double amplitude):15 degrees

' Working water depth: 400 fr

( Jacking system

' Make / type: OTD

' Configuration: 3 jacks per leg, 4opinions per jack

' Jacking speed: 0.46 m/min

* Power supply systems i Rig PowerPlant:

( Diesel engines (x5) / Total fuelconsumption, dril ling (avg):38.16 m

3/day

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 50

( AC i Generator (x5)/ Continuouspower: 5x1720 kW

( Compressed air systems (3) /Continuous power: 125 hp

( Emergency generator / Maximumoutput: 912 hp

* Communication:

( Telephone system: 68 units (32spare)

( Public address system: accessiblefrom every telephone

( Drill floor talkback system: 3

( Hand held VHF radios: 6

( Crane communication system: 1 percrane

* External communication:

( SSB: 2 x Rico / Furuno Model FS-2570

( 9'D'>'E'6m^3 * c A7AHE8C ( AZOPWE3A

( Marine VHF Radio: 3 x Rico / Furunomodel FM-8800S

( Aircraft radio beacon transmitter(NDB): 1 x ND500IIS

( Aeronautical VHF Transceiver: 1 xIcom / IC-A200B

( Watch receiver: 2 x Rico / FurunoModel FS-2570

( Satellite communication system: Rico/ Felcom 15

( Immarsat: 1

( Facsimile / Telex / Scrambler /Broadband telephone system: 1 each

( Helicopter landing deck: CAP 437

* Special equipment:

( Lifeboats: 4

( Fast rescue boat: 1

( Personnal floatation devices: 116

( Life ring buoys: 8

( Fire pumps: 2 x 1893 L/min

( Hydrants: 28

( Portable fire extinguishers:

' Type 1 i CO2: 13

' Type 2 i Dry chemical: 60

' Type 3 i Foam: 2

* Fixed foam system: 800 L

* Helideck foam system: 800 L

* Fixed fire extinguishing system: severalthroughout ship

* Manual water deluge system: yes

* Water sprinkler system inaccommodation: yes

In order to drill, a marine riser is lowered from the working platform to the seabed with a blowout preventer(BOP) at the bottom that connects to the wellhead.

The jack-up rig for the project will be fitted with either a pin and hole or rack and pinion elevating system.Design configuration specific to the project is yet to be finalized, thus a generic description of MODUprocess is presented in the following sections.

The MODU will have an Operational Discharge Management Plan (ODMP) and a Waste ManagementPlan (WMP) which should comply with TOTAL requirements.

4.2.1.1 Mobilisation

The drilling unit is not selected yet but will probably come from onshore Ranong. The MODU will requirearound 125 qualified and experienced workers, who would be transported from shore to rig by helicopterand surfer.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 51

4.2.1.2 Positioning of the MODU

Upon arrival at the drilling site, the unit wil l be positioned so that preloading operations can be undertaken.The unit will be positioned over the dril l site. For an independent leg jack up unit, three legs will belowered so the legs and footings are just above the seabed, before the legs are lowered to support the rigwithout the assistance of tugs.

For mat type units, the unit will be either held on location by tugs, or spud piles, being cylindrical piles withconcrete fill, will hold the unit on location until the mat is ballasted and lowered.

The mat unit wil l jack the mat to the seabed in accordance with ballasting procedures, and once the mathas been lowered into the seabed, the hull will be jacked out of the water by (depending on theconfiguration used) approximately five feet to enable preloading operations to be undertaken.

4.2.1.3 Preloading

Jack-up units are subjected to a preloading operation equivalent to the full load anticipated during themost severe operating conditions predicted for the drilling site, in order to minimise the risk of foundationshift or failure during a storm.

In the event that shifting does occur during preloading, it is imperative that the hull remains as close to thewaterline as possible without incurring wave impacts. Thus, if shifting occurs, either the leg will penetrateuntil it reaches a depth that the soil can support its weight, or the hull wil l enter the water to the extent thatits buoyancy stops the penetration. Such events will be managed using failure management proceduresoutlined by the TEPM operations team.

Normal preloading operations involve maintaining the hull, deck load and preload weight as close to thegeometric centre of the legs as possible to ensure an even loading on all legs. Preloading is undertakenby pumping seawater into tanks in the hull and held on board for a specified period of time, and iscomplete only when there is no settling of legs during the holding period whilst achieving the target footingreaction. This time depends on environmental factors and the configuration of the jack up rig. The detailswill be specified in appropriate management procedures by TEPM.

4.2.1.4 Jacking

Following preloading operations, the unit is jacked up to its operational air gap. During this operation, thelevels of the hull, elevating system load and characteristics are monitored, as they must be maintainedwithin design limits. Once this has been achieved, the jacking system is stopped, the brakes set, and leglocking systems engaged (if installed).

4.2.1.5 Elevated operating conditions

Once the unit has been prepared for drilling operations, there are no specific limitations or cautionarymeasures to be followed aside from operating within the design limits of the unit and supportingequipment. In the case that the unit comprises a large cantilever reach and load, care must be taken thatmaximum footing reactions do not exceed a specified percentage of the reaction achieved during preload.The unit is to be operated in accordance with standard operating procedures relevant to the weatherconditions, and the weather is to be monitored to ensure that operations are modified in the event of stormevents exceeding design limits.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 52

The details will be specified in appropriate procedures by TEPM.

4.2.2 Well architecture

The exploration wells will start at 90 m TVD/MSL (True Vertical Depth/Mean Sea Level). It is expected todril l down to i2,420 m TVD/MSL under the sea level. The forecasted well architecture is presented in thefollowing figure.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 54

4.2.3 Well driling process

In order to drill, a marine riser is lowered from the working platform to the seabed with a blowout preventer(BOP) at the bottom that connects to the wellhead. Wells are drilled by using bits that chip off pieces ofrock or other substrate, called cuttings. The drill bit is connected to the surface by segments of hollowpipe, which together are called the drill string.

Drilling mud is pumped down through the centre ofthe drill string and returned to the surface through thespace between the drill string and the rock formationsor casing, known as the annulus. Cuttings areremoved from the bottom of the hole thanks to thisdril ling mud, a specially formulated mixture of naturalclays, polymers, weighting agents and/or othermaterials suspended in a fluid medium. They will beseparated from the drill ing fluid aboard the drill ing unitby pumping through a series of shale shakers andmud cleaners. The drilling fluids will be treated and_SPY ^PY_ MLNV _S]Z`RS _SP bPWW LYO _S]Z`RS _SP ]TRm^mud handling system. Cutting wastes will be directlydischarged to sea after treatment.

Drilling is stopped at regular intervals to allow newsections of pipe to be added to the drill string or toreplace the drill bit.

As the well is drilled, metal casing is placed inside thewell to line it and stabilize the hole to prevent it fromcaving in. The casing also isolates aquifers andhydrocarbon-bearing zones through which the wellpasser, thus preventing liquids or gases from enteringthe well prematurely. After each casing string is installed, it is cemented in place. The casing also providesa firm point for the attachment of the BOP stack.

The conductor casing serves as a support during dril ling operations, to flow back returns during drillingand cementing of the surface casing, and to prevent collapse of the loose soil near the surface. After thesurface casing is cemented in place (Figure 4-4) and the BOP stack is installed on the well head, a drill ingriser is run vertically to connect the well from the seafloor up to the drill ing rig. This provides a pipe so thatthe cuttings and drilling mud can return to the drilling rig. The riser extends from the wellhead and BOPstack at seabed level to the rig. The riser consists of a large diameter pipe, similar to casing, withexternally mounted sections of control lines and choke, kill and booster lines running alongside it. It isequipped with a flex joint at the lower end and a telescopic joint at the upper end to allow the semi sub rigto move. Riser tensioners hold the riser in tension. In the event of severe weather or a temporary wellsuspension, the riser can be disconnected at the BOP stack. After a disconnection event, the riser can bere-run and re-connected to continue the drilling operations.

At the end of drilling, if gas has been discovered, a drill stem will be performed (see §4.2.8 ).

Figure 4-4 Different types of casing forming thewell (Source: Artelia)

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 55

At the end of the project, the well will be sealed. This consists in placing mechanical and cement plugs atstrategic depths in the wellbore to separate and to permanently seal off the various zones. Then, thedril ling unit will be demobilized and sent to its next assignment.

4.2.4 Mud formulation and circulation

Drilling mud is used for lubrication of the bit and drill pipe, extraction of cuttings, control of subsurfacepressures, prevention of well collapse and clogging of the penetrated formation.

Expected formulations for drilling mud consist in intercalations of sands with silts and clay stone. Theobjectives of the mud are mainly:

* Hydration and swelling of cuttings and adding stability to the bore hole;

* Effectively seal porous zones, minimising fluid loss to the formation and providing integrity to thebore hole wall;

* Reduce risk of losses or seepage losses;

* Avoid pipe getting stuck in permeable sections;

* Control specific gravity and solid content and optimise flow rate; and

* Provide efficient hole cleaning and improve deviation.

4.2.4.1 Drilling mud composition

The entire drilling mud which will be used during exploration drilling project will be Water Based Mud. NoNABM (Non Aqueous Based Mud) will be used. Thousands of additives may be added to the drilling mudto obtain the desired characteristics. These mixtures can be optimized during the drill ing based onobservations. It is expected that the two type of WBM mud will be used: (i) section 1 and 2: sea waterbased mud with bentonite and high viscosity pill and (ii) Section 3 to 5 KCl water based mud (bentonite).

Commonly, the principal additive in the drilling fluid is barite (15%) and bentonite (7%) (OGP, 2003).Although suitable for a range of water based dril ling fluid systems, Glycol is usually added to the KCL-Polymer system to provide enhanced inhibition when dril ling highly reactive shales. Glycol is a completelywater-soluble synthetic polymer that absorbs strongly at the surface of troublesome shales to form a waterrepellent barrier. This reduces swelling and inhibits shale dispersion, resulting in a high performancedril ling fluid that is an environmentally acceptable alternative to oil-based system.

The mud program is presented on Table 4-2 below.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 56

Table 4-2: M6B-1 mud program (Source: TEPM)

Section Depth

(m TVD/MSL)

Mud Type Charac teristics

Sect ion 1: Driven 30-90 Water Based Mud Sea Water+HIVIS pill

Sect ion 23 +/k 90-425 (335) Water Based Mud Sea Water+HIVIS pill

Section 33 *0 ok 425-1500 (1075) Water Based MudKCl mud

1.03 to 1.10 s.g

Section 43 *+ pk 1500-2300 (800) Water Based MudKCl mud

1.10 to 1.17 s.g

Section 5: 8 ok 2300-2420 (300) Water Based MudKCL mud

1.60 to 1.65 s.g

Note: Specific Gravity (s.g.)

A maximum quantity of ~400 m3 of water based mud to drill one well is estimated from the details of thewell architecture provided by TEPM. If only one MODU is used, most of the mud will be reused for otherswells.

4.2.4.2 Drilling mud circulation and treatment cuttings

Drilling mud is pumped down through the center of the drill string and returned to the surface through thespace between the dril l string and the rock formations or casing, known as the annulus (Figure 4-5). Themarine riser isolates the drilling fluid and cuttings from the environment.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 57

Figure 4-5 Schematic of principal elements of a typical dril ling rig (Source: OGP)

In general, the primary functions of the drilling fluid handling and solids control system are to:

* Provide storage and circulation of drilling mud;

* Add chemicals to maintain the mud properties within specified tolerances during drill ingoperations;

* Mix additional volumes of mud to fill the drilled hole volume;

* Mix additional volumes of mud to replace mud losses during drilling operations;

* Control gas in the mud;

* Separate drilled cuttings from the mud returning from the borehole;

* Prevent a build-up of fine particles in the mud.

The table below presents the estimated quantities of drill cuttings to be discharged at sea and mud to beused during the project (Table 4-3).

The total volume of cuttings anticipated to be generated is 425 m3 taking into account a 20% coefficient ofcutting swelling.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 58

Table 4-3 Estimated quantities of drill cuttings and mud to be generated during the M5/M6 blocks carbonateexploration drilling campaign

Casing size (inches) Projected length ofsection (m)

Est im ated volume of cuttingsextracted (m3)

Total estimatedvolume of

cuttings (m3)

Total with 20%excess (m 3)

Section 13 +/k 335 115

~354 ~425Section 2: 17 ½mm 1075 167

Sect ion 3: *+ *(-k 800 61

Sect ion 43 1 oj 300 11

4.2.5 Cementing formulation

After a casing string is set in a well, specially designed cement slurry is pumped into the annular spacebetween the outside of the casing and the borehole. This cement slurry is used as adhesive filler toprevent contamination or communication between subsurface formations and to provide structural supportto the casing strings. To ensure effective cementing, an excess of cement is often used. Until the marineriser is set, this excess emerges out of the top of the well onto the seafloor. This cement does not set andis slowly dissolved into the seawater.

Offshore drilling operations typically use Portland cements, defined as pulverized clinkers consisting ofhydrated calcium silicates and usually containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate as an intergroundaddition. The raw materials used are lime, silica, alumina and ferric oxide. The cement slurry used isspecially designed for the exact well conditions encountered.

Additives can be used to adjust various properties in order to achieve the appropriate consistence ofmaterial. There are over 150 cementing additives available on the market. The amount (concentrations) ofthese additives generally make up only a small portion (<10%) of the overall amount of cement used for atypical well. Examples of typical cement additives include: CaCl (accelerator); NaCl (accelerator); hematite(weighting agent); barite (weighting agent); calcium carbonate; silica flour; gel (bentonite); several types ofpolymers and specific additives to address unique conditions to the well. These additives are polymersgenerally made of organic material and are considered non-toxic.

Once the cement has set, a high-pressure leak-off test is performed to ensure that the cement fil ler sealsas well as the enclosing rock are able to withstand the high pressures of fluids that might enter the wellbore from deeper formations.

The complexity of the cement formulation necessarily increases with depth due to a rise in temperatureand pressure and the presence of more complex lithology (Table 4-4).

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Table 4-4: M6B-1B Cement program for exploration drilling program

Section Characteristics

Sect ion 13 +/k Cementation of well with a 1.74 s.g. cement with 300% excess

Sect ion 2: 17 ½mmCementat ion of well with lead cement with 1.56 s.g. lead slurry (c lass G cement +microsphere) followed by a 1.74 s.g. tail slurry (class G neat cement)

Sect ion 3: *+ *(-kCementation of well with lead cement with 1.56 s.g. lead Slurry (class G cement +Extender) followed by a 1.74 s.g. tail slurry (class G neat cement)

Sect ion 43 1 oj Cementation of well with 1.74 single slurry to 200 m above 16 3/8 casing shoe

4.2.6 Well evaluation

4.2.6.1 Mud logging

Evaluation of the petro-physical properties of the penetrated formations is carried out routinely during thedril ling operation. Mud logging involves the examination of the drill cuttings brought to the surface by thedril ling fluid. It also monitors the hydrocarbon gases that relate to changes in formation pressure, whichcan aid in controlling the well, and to the intersection of reservoir rocks.

4.2.6.2 Downhole formation logging

Electrical logging and gamma ray measurement while dril ling logging will be used for evaluating thegeology encountered down the hole.

A radioactive source will be required for the gamma ray measurements which will be recovered at the endZQ _SP WZRRTYR' GSP ]LOTZLN_TaP OPaTNP^ bTWW MP _]LY^[Z]_PO Q]ZX _SP NZY_]LN_Z]m^ ML^P _Z L O]TWWTng unit inspecially designed secured (locked) storage containers. The tools are inventoried upon arrival and testedfor leaks. A detailed log is kept of any access to the storage container and tools.

Drilling units have special storage locations designated for radioactive containers and only certifiedlogging engineers are allowed to handle the radioactive devices. They also wear personal monitoringdevices to measure any unusual exposure. The equipment is handled as little as possible by theengineers and is immediately returned to the storage containers upon completion of the logging run.

4.2.7 Well completion

The well is generally filled with brine to recover the remaining drilling mud. The brine is generallyrecovered before the well clean-up operations. The brine used is typically a blend of sodium chloride(NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and potassium chloride (KCl) and will be brought from shore to equip thewells.

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4.2.8 Drill Stem Test (DST)

In the case of discovery, production tests will be performed to evaluate the characteristics of the well andthe reservoir. In case of hydrocarbon discovery on BM5-M6, two tests will be performed, lasting 10 dayseach.

It is expected that wells will be 100% gas producers, do not contain any H2S and the gas stream will rangebetween 5 - 15 i 35 MMsc/d.

The water resulting from production test will be discharged at sea after close loop filtration or stored insurge tanks for backload. The water filtration will allow to lower HC content to acceptable levels.

4.2.9 Utility systems to be used on the M6 Block Carbonate exploration drilling

In terms of bulk storage, the volumes on a typical jack-up rig (West Callisto) are as follows:

* Fuel oil: 2,630 bbls (420 m3);

* Drill water: 3,825 bbls (610 m3);

* Potable water: 2,053 bbls (325 m3);

* Liquid mud: 3,500 bbls (555 m3);

* Base oil : 660 bbls (105 m3);

* Brine : 855 bbls (135 m3);

* Bentonite/Barite : 6,000 cu ft (170 m3);

* Cement : 5,100 cu ft ( 145 m3);

* Piperacks areas: 54 x 40 ft and 46 x 65 ft.

No mud plant will be on-board the MODU.

4.2.9.1 Well control and safety equipment

The typical facil ities for well control and safety equipment on board the dril ling rig include the following:

* gas detection system with sensors for hydrogen sulphide and combustible gas, a general warningsystem including navigational l ights and horns and flotation devices such as lifeboats, life rafts,buoys and life vests;

* continuous monitoring of the well-bore pressures and fluids by the drilling and mud logging crews;

* regular monitoring of the specific gravity of the mud;

* alarms to warn the dril ling and mud logging crews of any fluid level changes in the pits, indicatingwell kick.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 61

* use of blow out preventers to protect against excess pressures imposed by the formation that maydamage drilling equipment and cause unrestrained flow of crude oil from the reservoir.

The drilling rig is equipped with thenecessary equipment to allowemergency disconnection forexample during extreme weatherconditions or in the case ofmechanical/electrical problems onthe rig resulting in drift off.

Although the probability of a wellblow-out is extremely low, itnonetheless provides a greatestenvironmental concern duringdril ling operations. The primarysafeguard to prevent a blow-out isto control the pore pressure byhydrostatic means, therebymaintaining a column of fluid tooverbalance the formationpressure. This would includeensuring that the correct fluiddensity is used, operating in aprudent manner to avoid underbalancing the well and designingthe well to take all the risk (bothmechanical and operational) intoconsideration. This approach issupported by correctly monitoringthe well by such means as pit levelindicators, return mud-flowindicators, pump pressures, shakerreturns and gas detection.Geologically the well would also bemonitored for signs of abnormal(high or low) pressure to correctlyidentify any variations from the projected pressures and hole conditions.

The likelihood of a blow-out is further minimized by employing a blow-out preventer, which is a secondarycontrol system. A typical BOP stack is shown in Figure 4-6. When installed on top of the wellbore, a BOPis designed to close inside the well if flow from the wellbore is detected. The BOP allows the influx to besafely circulated out of the well in order to regain primary well control.

4.2.9.2 Pollution prevention equipment

A typical drilling unit comprises the following pollution prevention equipment:

* Sewage treatment systems for people on board;

Figure 4-6 Schematic of a typical subsea BOP stack

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 62

* One air operated garbage compaction system;

* Garbage grinders;

* One skimmer tank typically of 25 bbls;

* One oily water separator typically of 5 m3/h.

Apart from the above equipment, several devices will be available on the MODU or on its support vesselsfor emergency interventions (e.g. oil spil l, blowout, etc.). The following means of intervention areanticipated:

* Fire hydrant and water cannon;

* IMO/SOPEP spill kits;

* Containment floating boom and trawling floating boom;

* Sprayer boom associated with a stock of dispersant agent;

* Oleophilic skimming or mechanical skimming.

4.2.9.3 Water systems

The water supply system on the dril ling rig comprises an on-board water maker unit with a capacity equalto 200% of the daily consumption. The volume generated is 80 m³/day. Water is pumped from the sea,filtered, desalinized and sterilized.

4.2.9.4 Hazardous materials

Hazardous materials comprise the mud and cementing chemicals, which are typically stored in tote tanksin a dedicated closed area. There is a closed area for the storage of hazardous chemicals.

4.2.9.5 Ballast systems

Ballast systems are used in a jack-up drilling rig to provide moment to resist the lateral forces on thedril ling rig and keep the vessel upright. The ballast system consists in collecting water from the port ofdeparture to make it steadier in water and is then discharge at sea when the semi-submersible rig isloading. The water collected in the bottom of the ship is called ballast water.

The drilling rig will be equipped with fully segregated ballast tanks that will be filled and emptied withseawater as necessary to maintain trim. For such systems there is no connection between anyhydrocarbon systems and the ballasting system.

In the context of Oil & Gas operations offshore, ballast water is of great importance for the safety of bothcrew and ship.

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4.2.9.6 Power generation systems

Power generation is designed to cover all electrical needs including providing power to drill the well and aback-up system in the event of a total shutdown. As the operations are conducted offshore, the powershould be generated onboard by four diesel generators and an emergency generator. The typical totalpower of diesel generators on a drill rig is around 8,000 kW.

4.2.10 Logistic aspects of the drilling campaign

Two supply vessels will transport catering provisions, supplies, casing/tubing, fuel, drilling water, freshwater, mud and cementing materials to the drilling rig. Supply vessels also transport used lubrication oilsand waste from the drilling rigs for onshore disposal.

These vessels range from 70-80 m in length and areequipped with cargo tanks, oil containment and recoveryduring the clean-up of a spill at sea, firefighting capabilitiesand monitors to assist during platform fires. The crew oneach supply vessel will range from 30 to 40 people. Oftenthe crew gathers specialists such as scientists, geologists orother people involved in special jobs related to operations onthe oil platforms.

While the drilling unit wil l be operational at a well location, atemporary 500 m statutory safety zone around the drillingunit will be in force, i.e. no other vessels (except the drilling`YT_m^ ^`[[Z]_ aP^^PW^% XLd PY_P] _ST^ L]PL'

The use of a helicopter is also planned for crew change and visitors between the coast and the rig. Amedium range helicopter for exclusive use during the drill ing campaign will be selected. It is anticipatedthat there would have a minimum of twenty-eight scheduled flights during the operations.

TEPM will use the foreign port of Ranong (Thailand) as logistic base for the mobilization of drilling vesselsLYO P\ T[XPY_m^'

4.2.11 Well suspension and abandonment

The well will be abandoned at the end of the project. Well abandonment for the project will follow TEPMinternal procedures in line with international standards for O&G industry. In general, it consists in placingmechanical and cement plugs at strategic depths in the wellbore to separate and to permanently seal offvarious zones. This process isolates these zones from each other and prevents the wellbore fromreleasing any fluids (including oil, natural gas and brine).No artifact will be left at seabed.

4.2.12 Demobilisatoin of the MODU

At the end of the drilling program, the MODU will be demobilized for movement to Ranong. The dril lingriser will be pulled and loaded onto the deck of the MODU. Some equipment, tubulars and drill ing

Figure 4-7 Example of a supply vessel(Source: TEPM)

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supplies, may be backloaded to supply vessels for storage in shore base facilities or return to contractors.The rig will de-ballast to achieve its towing draft.

4.3 INVENTORY OF EMISSIONS, DISCHARGE AND WASTE

Few emissions are expected from this operation; they mainly encompass air emissions, sea dischargesand some waste sent onshore for treatment, as for any vessel of the same size.

Emissions and accidental releases such as fuel leaks are possible but with low probability of occurrence.An Oil Spill Contingency Plan will be implemented if oil is accidentally discharged into the sea (see detailsin section n°6 of the report).

A synthesis of emissions and discharges, generated by the project, is provided below.

4.3.1 Atmospheric emissions

Atmospheric emissions from a drill ing campaign are primarily due to vessel diesel engine combustion andQWL]TYRm^ LN_TaT_d O`]TYR bPWW _P^_TYR.

Estimations of atmospheric emissions were undertaken by multiplying diesel consumption and emissionfactors for relevant atmospheric components. The diesel consumption was estimated for one vessel ontypical operations with 10 m3/day consumption for 35 operating days.

The emission factors (EM) are specified by the International Organization of Oil & Gas Producer (OGP) toexpress the emissions for each gas in tonnes of equivalent CO2. The greenhouse gas production wasthen calculated as the sum of CO2 and NO2.

A summary table of emissions calculations for each gas is presented in table below.

Table 4-5 Calculations of Atmospheric Emissions

Gas produced during the activityOGP EmissionFactor (EM)(t/t)

Estimated emissions (tonnes of equiva lent CO2 for35 days per iod)

Main vessel

Jokykr$ktmotk$iush{yzout$,jxorrotm$xom0$|kyykry$gtj$nkroiuvzkx-$

CO2 3.2 87;62>$

CO 0.019 62?$

NOx 0.07 562>$

N2O 0.00022 427$

SO2 0.008 425$

VOC 0.0024 62;$

]krr$zkyzotm$

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Table 4-5 Calculations of Atmospheric Emissions

CO2 3.2 8;9?$

CO 0.019 5;$

N2O 0.00022 7$

SO2 0.008 425$

VOC 0.0024 ;6$

The greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions correspond to the sum of CO2, N2O and CH4 emission eachmultiplied by the corresponding Global Warming Potential factor GHG (eq. CO2) = CO2 + 298 * N2O + 25 *CH4.

For the entire campaign, it is expected total emission of 10 tonnes eq CO2 for the exploration dril lingcampaign of the M6 block (including well testing).

4.3.2 Drilling discharge to the sea

4.3.2.1 Drilling cuttings

Cuttings are fragments of rock generated during drilling and carried to the surface by the drill ing mud. Thecuttings are then removed by the mud treatment system and the mud re-used and returned to shore at theend of the drilling program to be stored and re-used on other projects.

The cuttings impregnated with drilling mud are treated on the rig before disposal as follows:

* Vibrating, screen-covered devices called shale shakers, which remove cuttings from the mud. Thecuttings are further separated from the mud using an array of equipment specifically designed toremove progressively smaller size cuttings.

* Any sand or silt remaining in the drilling fluid is removed through a decanter and desaltedhydrocyclone.

* A mud centrifuge is used to remove the cuttings that are smaller than about 20 µm.

The cleaned mud is pumped into a holding tank to be reused. The cleaned mud is then recycled backdown the hole by the mud pump. Agitators installed in the mud pits will help maintain a uniform mixture ofmud.

The overall loss of mud is typically in the order of 10% for a well and the quantities are adjustedaccordingly to maintain a constant volume.

The mud system should contain a device called a degasser since small amounts of gas from a formationcan become trapped in the mud, as it is being circulated up-hole. The gas is removed by agitating the mudin the degasser in order to maintain constant the mud weight. The separated gas is typically dischargedup a line mounted to the side of the drilling mast or derrick.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 66

The expected volume of cuttings is of about 425 m3 per well. Cuttings can be directly discharged to seaafter treatment if IFC standards are met (see Table 3-3). If not, cutting will be treated ashore.

The residual mud will be sent ashore in order to be treated in appropriate manner.

4.3.2.2 Cement and addit ives

Although small volumes of spacer and of excess cement slurry are pumped to allow for overgauge holevolumes, the majority of the cement used for securing the casing remains in the well. Spacer and excesslead slurry from the cementing of the first casing string (36") will be discharged close to the seabed. Thiscement does not settle but slowly dissolves into seawater.

4.3.3 Wastewater

Wastewaters are generally associated with domestic and sanitary wastewater (black and grey water) andbilge and deck water. These water streams will be managed by the water storage devices on board.

* Domestic and sanitary wastewater will be generated as a result of the human presence on the rigand support vessels. Considering the total number of persons working on the dril ling rig andvessels during the exploration drilling campaign as ~125 persons and the flow rate determined bythe US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) for EIA inthe Gulf of Mexico (75 L/person/day for black water and 110 L/person/day for grey water), theestimated total generation for one well is of ~355 m3 of black water and 520 m3 of grey water.

* The bilge water means accumulated water in the ship holds and containing infiltration water, oilresidues or any other product that would have been stored. Based on 31 m3/d typical output(15 m3/d typical values for the MODU and 8 m3/d typical values for each vessel), total volume ofbilge water for the campaign is estimated around 1200 m3.

* The deck water comprises rainwater and deck washing water of the vessel. The run-off water iscollected by an open drain system. Considering a typical dril ling rig and typical vessPW^m OPNVdimensions (Rig: 50x100 and vessel 2x10x30, sum: 5600 m2) as well as the typical annual rainfallvalues during dry season (December to April) in Myanmar (~10 mm/month in average), a roughestimation of the total deck water to be produced during the exploration drilling campaign is 71 m3.

* Ballast water is stored in specially designated ballast tank and cannot be mixed with any othercontaminants. No discharge of ballast water is expected to be done during the project, the rig willnormally arrive on-site de-ballasted and ballast supply vessels will perform rotations within thesame marine eco-zone.

In order to minimise the waste associated with oil in bilge and deck water, no water will be dischargedwithout prior on-board treatment. These wastewater releases comply with the National EnvironmentalQuality (Emission) Guidelines and MARPOL. The table here after summarizes the deck and bilge waterproduction assumptions.

Table 4-6 Estimated wastewater production from projected activities ( rounded)

Waste stream Quantity Assumption for estimation

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 67

(m3)

B lack water 355Based on 125 crew members and the flow rate determined bythe US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulationand Enforcement (BOEMRE) for EIA in the Gulf of Mexico(75 L/person/day for black water and 110 L/person/day forgrey water). The drilling campaign duration is 35 days andthere wil l be one rig and 2 support vessel in operation.

Grey water 520

Deck water 71

Based on L _d[TNLW O]TWWTYR ]TR LYO _d[TNLW aP^^PW^m OPNV

dimensions (Rig: 50x100 and vessel 2x10x30, sum:5600 m2), and typica l annual rain fall values during dryseason (December to April) in Myanmar (~10 mm/month inaverage).

B ilge water 1200Based on 31 m3/d typical output.

The campaign duration is anticipated for 35 days wi th 1 rigand 2 support vessels.

4.3.4 Solid waste

Ships activities produce waste which can be different:

* A variety of non-hazardous solid waste will be generated such as glass, paper, plastic and wood.Much of this is associated with galley and food services operations and with operational suppliessuch as shipping pallets, containers and protective coverings. No solid waste is intentionallydisposed of into the marine environment as per MARPOL specification.

* Food wastes will be milled (< 25 mm diameter) and discharged into the sea more than 12 milesoffshore as per practices of MARPOL Convention. All non-food wastes will be collected forcompaction and transport to shore for landfill disposal. No incinerator is forecasted on-board.100% of garbage collection recovery will be treated onshore.

* Typical hazardous wastes include drilling muds and cuttings, cementing wastes, well completion,excess drill ing chemicals and containers, empty chemical drums, used lubricants, filters, paints,solvents, contaminated soil, batteries, medical waste, oily sludge, absorbents from spill clean-up.

The estimated quantities of each waste are based on the quantities of waste manifested during similarexploration drill ing projects performed by a comparable semi-submersible rig and vessels (Noble PaulRomano) in 2012. An extrapolation of these figures has been done in order to estimate the quantity ofwastes generated for one well.

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Table 4-7 Estimated waste production from projected activities (rounded)

Type of wasteTota l for 1 year (kg) Noble

Paul Romano in 2012For a 30 dayproject (kg)

GarbageGeneral

Food remains

51,800

0

5,468

0

Regulated /hazardouswastes

Paint and thinner

Paint tins/can/Brushes

Paint chippings / Grit

Aerosol cansq i used & empty

Fluorescent tubes

Medical and sanitary

Batteries

Oily rags

Oil fiters

Oil / grease / dope drums / cans

Chemical sacks and big bag

Chemical drums : cans empty

0

100

0

120

50

4

30

5,870

2,070

8,795

0

1,710

0

11

0

13

5

0

3

620

129

928

0

181

Recyclablewaste

Engine oil 6,300 665

Non-recyclablewaste

Oil (non engine) drums

Paper and cardboard

Glass

Metal

Plastic rubber

Wood

Helifuel

Cooking grease

20

285

200

44,100

4,595

36,850

2,900

0

2

30

21

4,655

485

3,890

306

0

Other wastes

Hoses

Cement returns

Electric related

OBM cutting

Water dirty / contaminated +40ppm

Other non specified

500

3,600

0

0

0

9,900

53

380

0

0

0

1,045

Total (kg) 179,799 18,979

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 69

Solid and liquid wastes will be managed in accordance with the provisions of the waste managementsystems and procedures outlined in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) of the rigoperator. In particular, the waste streams will be categorized on-board at source for the purpose ofsegregation and temporary storage prior to shipping to shore by the barge for treatment or disposal in anapproved facility.

4.3.5 Odour, noise and light

The potential for venting and fugitive releases exists; however, volumes will be small and unlikely to raisean odour problem. Ambient noise impacts may occur during drill ing activities, however, these will be shortterm and at a small scale. A key factor for noise impact is the remote location of the project which islocated 60 km offshore away from people and any environmentally sensitive areas. Added to this,potential impact from extraneous light is expected to be minor, with the main sources arising from lightingand the flare (which will be work in case of success and during limited time only).

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4.3.6 Project emissoins target

Table 4-8 Project emission targets

Criteria Limit value Guideline value Project emissiontargets

Ocean ballast water

Total Hydrocarbon 40 mg/l PARCOM 1986 No discharge to the sea

Bilge water

Oil content 15 ppm MARPOL No discharge to the sea

Sanitary effluents

pH 6 i 9

NationalEnvironmental

Quality (Emission)Guidelines

Food waste comminutei discharge permitted g12nm from the nearestland, en route and as

far as pract icable

5 day Biochemical OxygenDemand (BOD) 30 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)

150 mg/l

Total nitrogen 10 mg/l3

Total phosphorus 3 mg/l

Oil and grease 10 mg/l

Total suspended solids 30 mg/l

Total coliform bacteria 400 MPN1/ 100 ml IFC 2007

Food waste

Biodegradable waste Maximal Diameter for discharge in theMediterranean Sea < 25 mm

MARPOL Discharged to the sea

Drilling f luids and cutt ings (water-based drilling fluid)

WBDF 3% vol. toxic ity test IFC 2007 Treated onshore

3 The effluent concentration of total nit rogen may be up to 40 mg/l in processes that include hydrogenation.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 71

Table 4-8 Project emission targets

Criteria Limit value Guideline value Project emissiontargets

Hg 1 mg/kg dry weight in stock barite IFC 2007 Treated onshore

Cd 3 mg/kg dry weight in stock barite IFC 2007 Treated onshore

4.4 SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS LIKELY TO IMPACT THEENVIRONMENT

To better assess the impacts, the project is analysed to highlight the environmental aspects associatedwith the activities planned.

An environmental aspect is defined by the standard NF EN ISO 14001: 2004 as a "part of the activities,products or services of an organization that can interact with the environment", whose effects on thereceiving environment will be evaluated to calculate the environmental (and social) impact.

The Project consists in a mobilization and demobilization of one rig to complete the drill ing campaigntarget recognition on the prospected survey area. The minimum sea depth in the proposed drilling arearanges between 25 m (north) and 65 m (south). It will be conducted early 2017 for 35 days. So, theelements that could have an impact on the environment are:

* Natural resources consumption (energy,water);

* Emissions into air, marine and air noise and light;

* Liquid discharge into the sea;

* Waste production;

* Seabed local disturbance;

* Physical presence of structures and vessels;

* Introduction of invasive marine species;

* Marine traffic;

* Potential risk of accidental oil release.

4.5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

TEPM has gained extensive experience worldwide in developing drill ing programmes for operations inenvironmentally sensitive environments and in operationally challenging geologic basins.

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Overall, the drilling unit, well testing, cuttings handling and mud programme options selected areconsidered to represent the optimal design solution with regard to the combination of environmental,commercial, and operational concerns and give TEPM the best chance of achieving the explorationprogramme in a safe and environmentally sound manner.

The selected options minimize the impact of exploratory drill ing within the:

* technical constraints of the drilling programme; and

* health, safety and environmental aspects of the alternatives available.

4.5.1 sKe fhe`[Yjt Wbj[hdWj_l[

The alternative of no project is commonly considered in the analysis of alternatives to question thepotential impacts and benefits of the project at a fundamental level. In the case of the exploration dril ling,_SP lYZ []ZUPN_ LW_P]YL_TaPm QT_ TY WZ^^ ZQ Z[[Z]_`YT_d QZ] _bZ XLTY ]PL^ZY^3

* The exploration drilling is a necessary precursor to production drill ing that would occur in the eventof a commercial find of hydrocarbon reserves. Putting aside the interests of the project promoter, itmay be considered that discovery of petroleum reserves in Myanmar territory could be of benefit tothe country economy and development. Therefore establishing the existence and degree of suchpotential is an important firststep and the decision as to whether to exploit such reserves would bemade at a later stage.

* As mentioned in the analysis of impacts under normal operations, the potential impacts from the[]ZUPN_ ZY _SP YL_ ]LW LYO S`XLY PYaT]ZYXPY_^ NLY MP NZY^TOP]PO lLNNP[_LMWPm' GSP XLTYpotential impacts of concern are related to interference with shipping and a highly unlikelyaccidental event causing the release of hydrocarbons to the marine environment.

4.5.2 Selection of drilling unit

The drilling operations will be contracted to a specialist dril ling contractor who will provide and operate thedril ling rig.

The dril ling rig will be a jack-up rig, a type highly suitable shallow waters (e.g. no fuel is required tomaintain position).

The seaworthiness certification, as well as the TEPM Safety, Health and Environmental standardsrequires that safety precautions will be taken to minimize the possibil ity of an accident during drill ingoperations.

4.5.3 Cuttings and drilling fluids handling

G9DAm^ ^_]L_PRd QZ] SLYOWTYR _SP N __TYR^ Q]ZX _SP Pc[WZ]L_TZY O]TW WTYR NZY^TOP]^ _SP QZWWZbTYR QLN_Z] 3

* The Myanmar regulation;

* GZ_LWm^ bZ]WObTOP O]TWWTYR Pc[P]TPYNP4

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 73

* International petroleum industry practice;

* The technical capabilities of the drilling unit;

* The availability of suitable local sites for onshore disposal or treatment of waste materials; and

* Evaluation of the costs and benefits for offshore/onshore disposal.

The options that are theoretically possible for the disposal of drill cuttings include:

* Offshore discharge;

* Onshore discharge;

* Re-injection.

The volume of cutting anticipated for the well is approximately 425 m3per well.

Considering all factors, the offshore discharge of cuttings will probably be the selected option for theexploration drilling.

From previous projects, TEPM considers that the option of re-injection is not technically practical oreconomically feasible in connection with exploration wells drilled from mobile units. A dedicated re-injection well would need to be drilled for cuttings re-injection, as the drilling unit affords too little space tostore cuttings and to accommodate slurrification equipment required to turn the cuttings into a re-injectable medium.

On the other hand, in order for the total containment of mud and cuttings and their shipment to shore forfurther handling, treatment and disposal to be viable, the onshore processing of wet cuttings must be bothenvironmentally sound and cost effective. Long-term disposal of processed cuttings onshore must beadequate from environmental, health and safety standpoints.

Other issues associated with total containment are:

* Safety and environmental aspects of handling and transfer of containers to transport vessels;

* Increased emissions and discharges from vessels during transport from the offshore location tothe shore;

* Potential storage capacity limitations on the drilling unit, and

* The potential to delay dril ling operations and therefore introduce additional safety risks andpotential environmental exposure.

Previous environmental assessments by Total/TEPM have found that the impacts from the discharge ofsea water based mud to be localized and limited in duration.

TEPM plans to use water based mud in the entire well sections. TEPM also plans to use a cuttingstreatment unit to reduce, recover and reuse WBM.

5


Description of the surrounding environment r06/16

/ 8512268 / July 2016 74

SECTION 5. DESCRIPTION OFTHE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT

This section provides a description of the environmental conditions of the proposed survey area and itssurroundings which are likely to be affected by the project activities. This environmental descriptionprovides a reference initial state that helps identify environmental sensitivities, which are presented in §5.6 Assessment of the sensitivity of the receiving environment.

5.1 GEOGRAPHY AND METEOROLOGY

The prospected area is located offshore the coast of Myanmar on the Irrawaddy delta continental shelf inthe northern part of the Andaman Sea. The area encompasses the Gulf of Martaban in the north-east,while the main body of the Bay of Bengal lies to the west. AdLYXL]m^ NWTXL_P NLY MP OP^N]TMPO L^ _]Z[TNLWmonsoon characterized by strong monsoon influences, a considerable amount of sun, a high rate ofrainfall (coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm of rain annually) and high humidity. Temperature in thecountry varies from 19°C to 38°C and humidity from 66% to 83%.

Two monsoon systems influence the area to create four seasons in the Andaman Sea:

* Northeast monsoon: December to March, cool season (winter);

* Pre-monsoon transition: April to May, hot season (spring);

* Southwest monsoon: June to September, rainy season (summer);

* Post-monsoon transition: October and November (autumn).

The project area is impacted by abundant rainfall during wet season, with frequent thunderstorms.However, during the period of the drilling campaign (early 2017), which shall happen during the northeastmonsoon season, fine cool weather with very little rainfall are expected.

The northeast monsoon, might also generates high moisture levels over the south and south-west part ofthe area. The highest relative humidity in the study area occurs in mid-summer, reaching an average of82%.

The wind regime in the vicinity of the project area is gentle to moderate, with 50% of the winds throughoutthe year exceeding 4.5 m/s and 10% exceeding 8.5 m/s (EMS of Yadana and Sein fields, SogreahMagelis, 2011). Wind direction during January is generally from the South i Southeast quadrant.

Tornadoes recorded in the area are considered small scale and while very destructive, they are rare in thestudy area during the expected period of the drilling campaign. Waterspouts are more common, and theirdestructive path is more limited. They occur throughout the wider region, mainly in the south.

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5.2 AIR QUALITY

Air quality conditions in the prospected area are projected to be good due to its offshore location (70 kmsouth of the Myanmar coast). Air quality within the project area is not identified as a specific issue.

5.3 OCEANOGRAPHY

5.3.1 Bathymetry

The water depth of theprospected area within Blocks M5and M6 reaches a maximum of200 m and the bathymetry isrelatively consistent as thecontinental shelf is approximately200 km wide (Gardline, MMOreport, 2014). Beyond the shelf,the seabed drops to depths ofapproximately 3,000 m with adeep continental slope at theborder with the Bay of Bengal.The bathymetry, observed fromthe prospected area is presentedin Figure 5-1.

The seafloor topography aroundthe project area is about 1.5-2°,dipping southeast. Frequentsmall dewateringfeatures/pockmarks are seenover the site. No sonar contact isvisible, as well as noobstructions/geo-hazards aredetected in the vicinity of the well.

In addition, the seabedmorphology displays severalactive normal faults.

Figure 5-1 Bathymetry of the prospected area offshore Myanmar(Source: TEPM, 2015)

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 76

Figure 5-2 Bathymetry around wellM6-B1

(Data source:GEBCO, 2014)

5.3.2 Surface currents

Surface currents in Myanmar are strongly dominated by the monsoon winds. Mean speeds are of around0.4 m/s with possible peaks approaching 2.0 m/s due to the relatively steady monsoon winds (EMS ofYadana and Sein fields, Sogreah Magelis, 2011). These currents decrease rapidly with depth below thesurface (mean speeds 0.15 m/s near the bottom).

5



/ 8512268 / July 2016 77

The following figure (Figure 5-3) presents the typical seasonal current trajectories observed in theAndaman Sea. Since the proposed exploration drilling campaign will possibly be carried out in April 2017,during the Northeast monsoon, a clockwise direction of currents is expected during this period.

Figure 5-3 Vector Mean Currents in the Eastern Bay of Bengal (Source: EMS ofYadana and Sein Fields , Sogreah Magelis, 2011)

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 78

5.3.3 Tides and waves

Throughout the study area, tides are predominantly semi-diurnal (EMS of Yadana and Sein fields,Sogreah Magelis, 2011). Off the coast of Myanmar, the spring tide range is approximately 2-2.5 m,increasing north-east of the Irrawaddy delta to about 6 m at the head of the Golf of Martaban.

The movement of swell in the region is related to the dominant monsoon wind. The area from the Ganga(Ganges) estuary to the Gulf of Martaban, including the Andaman Islands, has a generally moderate swellfrom the south-west though this becomes heavy during the Southwest monsoon. Turbulent seas areencountered from time to time, associated with squalls.

5.3.4 Water quality

Water column within the project area is characterized by4:

* Surface average water temperature around 28.7°C, with a thermocline identified at 25i 35 mdepth;

* Surface water salinity around 30 PSU, which decrease at 33 near the bottom with the same trendas the temperature profile (influenced by thermocline);

* Low turbidity, which increases with depth;

* Surface water generally saturated in oxygen (100%) with dissolved oxygen, which drops to 33%between 35m and the seabed (hypothoxic values);

* Uniform pH profile between the sea surface and 25m depth, where the pH was 8.4. Like thetemperature profile (influenced by thermocline), a decrease in pH was observed between 25 mand 35 m, dropping from 8.3 to 8.1;

* Concentration of total suspended solids were below the limit of detection (<5.0 mg/l -1) in allsamples;

* Concentrations of nitrite and phosphate were below the detection limits (<0.01 mg/l-1);

* Chlorophyll and pheopigment were below the limit of detection (<1.5 µg/l-1);

* Although concentration of hydrocarbons were below detection limits (<0.1 mg/l -1), the presence ofanthropogenically derived oil, such as lubricating or fuel oil, have been observed within block M5.Contamination was suggested to be a small scale input, possibly derived from passing ships;

* All heavy and trace metals were recorded at low concentrations.

4 Results are from the Environmental Baseline Survey conducted by Fugro in December 2013 within the Yadana gas f ieldcomplex, Block M5 of the Andam an Sea. The survey was undertaken to determine the physic-chemical and biologicalconditions of the water column prior to site development. The survey area covered 4 km x 6 km centre over the proposedWellhead Platform 4. Since Block M5 is adjacent to Block M6, this survey provides the most representative up-to date forwater quality of the Block M6 and hence it represents for the vicinity of the proposed exploration drilling wells which arelocated ins ide M6 block.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 79

* Nutrients and chlorophyll levels were low and comparable to nearby survey results.

The water column is likely to have a low turbidity, a high dissolved oxygen concentration and a moderatesalinity.

5.3.5 Sediment quality

Sediment characteristics observed during Fugro EBS 20135 of Block M5 showed:

* Most sediment consists of fine particles (<63 µm), with the proportion of fines ranging between60.23% and 90.26%;

* High water content in sediment samples, due to the high fine fraction content with high capacity toretain water;

* Similar to previous survey data, organic content was quite high in the whole area, which is typicalfor such marine sediment (high fine fraction);

* Although higher moisture contents were recorded in Yadana field EBS (1994) where the meanwas 94.1%, the moisture content within the Badamyar sediment varied between 32.3% and49.7%;

* Negative redox potentials were recorded in most of the marine sediments;

* Phosphorus concentration was low to medium, high concentration of nitrogen has been observedon sediment samples;

* Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon concentration were all below detection limit;

* Heavy metal, nickel and vanadium were below US EPAmaximum limit;

* Barium was higher than USEPA average level but not over the maximum range indicated inUSEPA; stations near well platforms (WP1, WP2) revealed higher concentration than others.

Overall, the M5 sediments were relatively uncontaminated, with a Total Petroleum Hydrocarbonconcentration below detection limit, as with most of heavy metals (aluminum, cadmium, lead, zinc andmercury).

5.3.6 Vulnerability to natural disaster

The Union of Myanmar is exposed to multiple natural hazards including cyclones, earthquakes, floods andfire and it has been periodically hit by natural disasters. According to the United Nations Office for theCoordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the tropical storm season in Myanmar occurs from May toNovember, with a peak of risk in October.

5 I t is currently assumed that the sediment type and quality of Block M6 will be similar.

5



/ 8512268 / July 2016 80

The M6 Block area is considered to be potentially exposed to multiple natural hazards; being the tropicalstorm the most relevant (OCHA, 2013). The most risky season occurs from May to November, with ahigher risk in October.

Since the exploration drilling will take place in early in the year, it is not likely that the project will be at riskof tropical storms or cyclones during this period.

5.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The dril ling exploration will take placeoffshore the coast of Myanmar on theIrrawaddy delta continental shelf withinthe epipelagic zone (shallow waters<200 m depth), as the depth within thesurveyed area is between 20 and 80 m(see Figure 5-4). The epipelagic zoneis the one closest to the surfaceextending to a depth of 200 m andcontains both phytoplankton andzooplankton communities that cansupport larger organisms like marinemammals and some types of fish, aslocal fauna typical of shallow tropicalwaters.

The previous EBS surveys carried outin the M5 Block, adjacent areas of theM6 Block, along with the M5-M6 3AA-3CA 2D seismic survey study, wereused as reference and/or guidance for this study for the proposed drill ing wells.

The following section identifies the main group of marine species that may potentially occur within theproject area and their main characteristics (IUCN Red List category, population trend, habitat, habits,feeding regime, sensitivity, etc.).

5.4.1 Offshore environment

5.4.1.1 Phytoplankton

In 2007 survey, the species of Oscillatoria erythraea and Proboscia alata occurred as dominant speciesdistributed in all areas of the study, being the former the most dominant species in the areas close to M6Block.

;]ZX _SP ]P^ W_^ ZQ E(I 8]' ;]TO_UZQ BLY^PYm^ +)*, ]P PL]NS& TY _Z_LW ZQ *2- _LcZY bL^ TOPY_TQTPO _Z ^[PNTP^or to the nearest possible phylogenetic group. The average number of species per station was 44 ± 12(SD) ranging from 22-72. The most common taxonomic groups were Fam. Chaetocerotaceae(represented with 23 different species), Fam. Ceratiaceae (represented with 22 different species) andFam. Protoperidinaeae (represented with 15 different species) (see Figure 5-5).

Figure 5-4 Oceanic divisions

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 81

Figure 5-5 Phytoplankton spcies diversity at environmental stations along theMyanmar coast, November 2013 (Source: Cruise report Dr. Fridtjof Nanseen,

Myanmar Ecosystem Survey, 2013)

It was also possible to observe that the Andaman sea is very productive with high phytoplankton densitiesduring the Northeast monsoon (November).

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 82

5.4.1.2 Zooplankton

According to M/V SEAFDEC 2007 survey, the zooplankton community consisted of 205 species, widelydistributed in groups ofcopepods (the mostsignificant group both in termsof species number andabundance with 119 species),protozoan zooplankton, arrowworms, larvaceans,cnidarians, ostracods andthaliaceans.

Results for the samplingstation located in the southerncoast of Myanmar (closest tothe M6 Block even if at500 km south) also indicateda rich abundance ofzooplankton groups, includingcalanoid copepods,poecilostomatoid copepodsand arrow worms, whereasthe region presented a lowerabundance of crab larvae,planktonic shrimps andlarvaceans.

In addition, numerous speciesof hydromedusae occurred inthe region, includingubiquitous species such asLiriope tetraphylla, speciesshared with the Arabian Seasuch as Pandeopsis sutigera,as well as deep water andeven Antarctic species.

Regarding the overall resultsQ]ZX E(I 8]' ;]TO_UZQ BLY^PYm^survey 2013, the analysisfrom the WP2 net indicatedthe presence of 204 differentzooplankton taxa determinedto genus or species level. Theaverage number of speciesfound per station was 47±15 (SD) ranging from 23-104 species. The phylogenetic groups represented bythe largest species diversity were: Fam. Sagittidae (represented with 14 different species), ClassPolychaetae (represented by 12 species), Fam. Paracalidae (represented with 10 different species) andFam. Pontillidae (represented with 9 different species).

Figure 5-6 Biomass zooplankton (dry-weight g/mm2) collected with WP2net along the cruise lines Nobember-December 2013 (Source: Cruise

report Dr. Fridtjof Nanseen, Myanmar Ecosystem Survey, 2013)

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 83

The species most commonly found in the samples from the WP2 net were: Eucalanus subcrassus andEucalanus crassus but also: Acartia erythraea, Atlanta, Undinula vulgaris, Paracalanus aculeatus ,Oncaea venusta, Cresis clava and Oikopeura cophocerca (Krakstad, et al., 2013).

5.4.1.3 Benthic communities

A quantitative assessment concerning the benthic macro-invertebrate community structure anddistribution in the Irrawaddy continental shelf of the Andaman Sea has been performed through samplingof 46 stations distributed along the area at a depth range of 20 to 1000 m (Ansari, Z.A.; Furtado, R.;Badesab, S.; Mehta, P; Thwin, S., 2012).

The study showed a large variation in the distribution of benthic fauna density influenced by the riverrunoffs which bring major changes in sediment granulometry and consequently affect the distribution ofthis type of fauna in the region. Additionally, the study also concluded that in this area the faunalcomposition differs according to the depth and to the type of sediment (macrobenthic density and biomasswas maximum in sandy sediment and minimum in clayey silt).

A total of 27 taxonomic groups were recorded and among them the dominant phyla were foraminiferans,polychaeta, nematode, crustacea, mollusca, echinodermata and coelentrata.

About 24 taxa were recorded from 20-50 m depth while the intermediate depth of 51-100 m had themaximum taxa (27) and in the deepest zone (201-1000 m) there were only 11 taxa recorded.

Forams were abundant in shallow regions (20-50 m) while the polychaete showed no preference to waterdepth and were recorded regularly with high prevalence in all the locations. Among crustaceans theamphipods, copepods, ostracods and macruran crabs were represented at different depth. Between 500mand 1000m depth, Polychaeta represented 52.7%, Crustacea 27.8%, Mollusca 6.9%, Echinodermata 0%and others 12.6%.

The trend in the abundance of fauna reported in this study supports the hypothesis that the quantity andspecies diversity of macro-benthos are higher in near shore than in offshore areas with exception ofspecialized ecosystems.

The Yadana and SEIN field EBS (2010) in adjacent areas of M6 Block found Crustacea to be the mostabundant group in terms of abundance (74.8%) whilst Annelida made up just 14.7% of the totalabundance. On the other hand, sediments from the SEIN field were dominated by Annelida (48%) interms of abundance (Fugro, 2013).

The EBS on M5 Block by Fugro in 2013 also reported Annelida as the most abundant group (59.2%).Crustacea and Mollusca represented 21.1% and 12.6% of the abundance respectively, while members ofthe Echinodermata made up just 0.32% of the total abundance (Fugro, 2013). The most abundant taxonwas the spionid polychaete of the genus Paraprionospio occurring at a mean abundance of 14.2individuals (ind.) per sample (0.1m2). The second most abundant taxon was a decapod crustacean of thefamily Varunidae with a mean abundance of 7.3 ind. per sample. The third most abundant taxon was theNermetea phylum (ribbon worms) with 3.9 ind. per sample. Polychaetes of the family Siponidae are adominant poychaete component in sand and mud habitats from intertidal to abyssal depths and mostvarunid crabs live in mangroves or mudflats though some may also be found on driftwoods and flotsamout at sea and some occupy benthic environments. Finally, the ribbon worms are a distinctive group ofmostly marine invertebrates which hide in rocky crevices or beneath stones and algal holdfasts whilstothers burrow into substrate (Fugro, 2013).

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The broad faunal community on M5 Block was found to be diverse and non-dominated with a largenumber of taxa occurring in relatively low abundances. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that at leastpart of the macro-fauna dataset variability could be explained by the variability in the sedimentcomposition.

Taking into account the former studies in adjacent areas, as well as the water depth and sediments foundat the M6 Block, it is possible to conclude that a significant abundance and diversity of the benthiccommunity is likely expected in the area

5.4.1.4 Pelagic fish communities

The pelagic fish community is widespread and relatively eclectic in itsdistribution and include a wide variety of jacks, tunnys, barracudas,flying fish, sharks and rays. Some predatory species may also beassociated with reefs from time to time (e.g. barracudas and certainshark species), where prey are most abundant. This communitycontains some noteworthy species such as the rare whale shark(Rhyncodon typus i vulnerable).

The pelagic fish community is represented by the following classes ofvertebrates:

* Agnatha (jawless, finless fish), i.e. Hagfish, Lamprey;

* Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish), i.e. Sharks, Rays;

* Osteichthyes (bony fish), i.e. Herring, Cod, Halibut, Tuna, Salmon.

The list of threatened pelagic fish species living in Myanmar waters is presented in APPENDIX 2, with theapplicable IUCN status and population trend, when available.

A total of 37 pelagic fish species were identified with different levels of vulnerabil ity:

* 3 species are critically endangered (CR), facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild;

* 5 species are endangered (EN), facing very high risk of extinction in the wild;

* 29 are classified as vulnerable (VU), facing high risk of extinction in the wild.

Acoustic distribution and abundance was estimated for two species groups, Pelagic 1 and Pelagic 2,during the 2013 survey. The Pelagic 1 group of species consists of pelagic fish of the Clupeidae andEngraulididae families, while the Pelagic 2 species belong to the Carangidae, Scombridae, Barracuda andHairtails families (Krakstad,et al., 2013).

It was observed that low densities of Pelagic 1 were found in Deltaic cost and the distribution wasgenerally found at longer distance from the coast. A total acoustic abundance index of 18,000 tonnes offish was estimated based on a set (average) total length of 10 cm. The most common Clupeid speciesfound in the region was the Sardinella Sardinella gibbosa, the Anchovy Stolephorus indicus , and the Ilishamelastoma (Krakstad, et al., 2013).

The distribution of Pelagic 2 species was found in low density over most of the Deltaic area. A totalacoustic abundance index of 34,000 tonnes of fish was estimated based on a set (average) total length of

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10 cm. The most common Pelagic 2 species found in the region were the shortfin scad Decapturusmacrosoma, the Torpedo scad Megalaspis cordyla, and the hairtail Lepturacanthus savala (Krakstad, etal., 2013).

All species may potentially be found in the project area.

5.4.1.5 Commercially important fish species

The marine fishery comprises coastal and inshore fisheries, and offshore or deep-sea fisheries. Surveyscarried out for the Department of Fisheries to determine the relative abundance and size composition ofcommercially important species indicate that some commercially important species inhabit Myanmaroffshore waters, including the Swordfish (Xiphiasgladius), YellowfinTuna (Thunnusalbacares), Stripedmarlin (Tetrapturusaudax) and Sailfish (Istiophorusplatypus). Additionally, the BigeyeThresher(Alopiaspelagicus), Whit-tipped shark (Carcharhinuslongimanus), Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum),Pelagic stingray (Dasyatissp) and Snake mackerel (Gympylussurpens) can also be found as by-catch.

From the past surveys performed, the swordfish is the most dominant species in Myanmar offshore watersand it can be considered as one of the commercial fished for future offshore fisheries.

5.4.2 Marine mammals (cetacean/sirenian)

About 31 sightings of marine mammals have been recordedduring the 3AA-3CA 3D seismic survey, from February, 5th of2014 to May 7th of 2014. These species, listed below, havepreviously been recorded in the water of Myanmar. Therefore,they could be encountered in the project area and concern thefollowings:

* Sperm Whale (VU): a group of ten adults and twojuveniles was sighted 200 m away from the vessel.

* Pygmy Killer Whale: a group comprising 40 pygmykiller whales was sighted 1,500 m away from the vessel.

* Melon-headed whale: a group of approximately 20individuals including four calves and two juveniles were sighted 400 m away from the vessel.

* Spinner Dolphin: a group of 60 spinner dolphins was sighted 500 m away from the vessel.

* Dwarf Spinner Dolphin: a group comprising 20 probable dwarf spinner dlophins were encountered1,000 m away from the ship.

* Pantropical Spotted Dolphin: two groups of 25 and 80 pantropical spotted dolphins were seen.

* Unidentified dolphin species: four different groups of unidentified dolphin species were sighted.One of the groups, with approximately 100 unidentified dolphins, was sighted 3,000 m away fromthe vessel.

The marine mammal species typically found in Myanmar marine waters are listed in APPENDIX 2 withtheir corresponding IUCN protection status.

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5.4.3 Marine Turtles

Amongst the turtle species present in Myanmar, 5 species breed regularly on Myanmar's beaches,including the Olive Ridley Turtle Lepoidochelys olivacea (vulnerable), the loggerhead Caretta caretta(endangered), the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (endangered), the Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelysimbricata (critically endangered), and Leather Back Turtle Dermochelys coriacea (critically endangered).Most observations of turtles are typically within 15 kilometers of mainland shores in protected, relativelyshallow marine waters (22-55 m). However, all the marine turtles species recorded in Myanmar may occurin the M5-M6 Block during migratory movements to and from nesting beaches along the coast withexception of the Loggerhead turtle.

5.4.4 Marine birds

A survey conducted in 2006 in the mouth of Yangon River and Ayeyarwaddy (Irrawaddy) delta to recordthe diversity and determine the number of waterbird species present in the Southern part of Myanmaridentified one seabird species that was most frequently recorded namely the Great Frigatebird Fregataminor and two coastal threatened species: Spotted Greenshank Tringa guttifer (Endangered), and LesserAdjutant-Stork Leptoptilos javanicus (Vulnerable).

A total of 1,088 species of birds are currently identified as occurring in Myanmar; from which 5 areendemic species, 2 are introduced species and 54 are globally threatened species6.

The threatened seabird species typically found in Myanmar marine waters are listed in Appendix 2 with_SPT] ]P^[PN_TaP >H7B EPO @T^_ NL_PRZ]d' GbPY_d _S]PL_PYPO ^PLMT]O [PNTP^ L]P TOPY_TQTPO TY AdLYXL]m^marine waters. Amongst these species, four species are identified as near threatened (NT) and sixteenspecies are recorded as least concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List.

Taking into account the typical habitat of these seabirds, seven species could potentially occur within theM5-M6 Block: four of these are listed as Least Concern species (Common Coot, Fulica atra; CommonGreenshank, Tringa nebularia; Red-necked Stint, Calidris ruficollis; Intermediate Egret/Yellow-billed Egret,Mesophoyx intermedia) and three are listed as Near Threatened (African Darter, Anhinga melanogaster;Beach stone-curlew, Esacus giganteus; and the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa).

5.4.5 Coastal ecosystems

The exploration well is located at ~70 km offshore the mouth of the Irrawaddy Delta, one of the mostimportant coastal ecosystems in the country.

The delta system of the Irrawaddy River extends in a great alluvial fan from the limit of tidal influence nearMyanaung (18°15'N) to the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, 290 km to the south. This alluvial plain isbounded to the west by the southern Arakan Yoma range and to the east by the Pegu Yoma. The city ofYangon, situated on the southernmost spur of the Pegu Yoma, lies at the SE edge of the delta. The entirearea is overlain by a thick layer of recent alluvium displaced by the Irrawaddy.

6http: //avibase.bsc-eoc.org/

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There are no marine protected areas in the Irrawaddy delta. However, protection is required formangroves, turtles, estuarine crocodiles and waterfowl and three sites were proposed as wildlifesanctuaries: Meinmahla Kyun, Kadonlay Kyun and Letkokken Islands. All of these areas are smallestuarine islands, surrounded by shallow water comprising mudflats and mangroves frequented bycrocodiles.

5.4.5.1 Mangroves

ALYR]ZaP^ LWZYR _SP AdLYXL]m^ NZL _ L]P [L]_TN WL]Wd ` PO L^ L ^Z ]NP ZQ QT]PbZZO LYO NSL]NZLW QZ]cooking, wood for construction and fisheries. The nearest mangrove areas are located at ~70 km from theexploration drilling project on the SEpart of the mouth of the Irrawaddy Delta.

5.4.5.2 Seaweed

According to the National Report of Myanmar on Sustainable Management of the Bay of Bengal LargeMarine Ecosystem, a number of the 122 genera and 307 species of seaweeds from Myanmar have beenreported (Department of Fisheries Myanmar, 2003).

From visual observations and studies, the following seaweed genera have been identified for theireconomic potential:

* Chlorophyta: Ulva, Enteromopha, Monostroma, Caulerpa, Codium.

* Phaeophyta: Padina, Dictyota, Spathoglossum, Chnoospora, Rosenvingea, Hormophysa,Turbinaria, Sargassum.

* Rhodophyta: Porphyra, Gelidiella, Halymenia, Solieria, Catenella, Hypnea, Gracilaria, Laurencia,Acanthophora.

Among these species, Sargassum and Hypnea are the most abundant in Myanmar. The standing stock ofSargassum is estimated at 2,500 tonnes dry weight and 1,500mt dry weight for Hypnea. Sargassum bedsformed along the Tanintharyi coastal region provide good habitats, refuges and spawning grounds forcommercially important fishery resources.

5.4.5.3 Coral reefs

A total of 51 coral species have been identified in Myanmar by the DOF but systematic assessment is stillneeded to map out the status of coral reef diversity and their trend in the seascape (UNEP; MOECAF;GEF, 2011): among anthozoan coral polyps, the 51 species belonging to 20 families and 30 genera alongRakhine coast, 3 species belonging to 2 families and 2 genera from Delta areas and 93 species belongingto 21 families and 47 genera from Tanintharyi coast have been recorded by Aung Kyi (1982), San SanWin (1993), Mya Than Tun (2000) and Mya Than Tun and Tint Tun (2002). (Bay of Bengal Large MarineEcosystem Project, 2012).

Coral Reef formation in the Irrawaddy coastal zone is restricted to the Thamihla Kyun, Coco and Preparisislands which lie far outside the zone of influence of river runoff.

The drilling project area is located at ~160 km and 125 km northeast of Great Coco and Preparis Islandsrespectively. Thamihla Kyun Island is located ~70 km northwest from the project location.

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5.4.5.4 Marine reptiles

A total of 16 marine reptile species have been recorded by the IUCN in Myanmar coastal waters fromwhich turtles represent the most threatened group.

Regarding sea snakes, all the species identified by the IUCN in Myanmar coastal waters have beenidentified as being oQ lWPL _ NZYNP]Ym.

The saltwater crocodile (Crocodilus porosus) has been recorded in swampy coastal areas throughout theregion, as well as occasionally being observed in the open sea. This species is listed by the IUCN as leastconcern, and it is not considered significant in the context of the exploration drilling project.

5.4.5.5 Marine mammals

Two species of marine mammals typical of coastal areas (shallow water, delta, rivers) in the AndamanSea can possibly be found within the project area. These include:



5.4.6 Sensitive and protected areas

5.4.6.1 Sensitive areas

There are three sensitive areas located in the proximity of the M6 block project area:

* Meinmahla Kyun (designated 1993) and Kadonlay Kyun Islands: official wildlife sanctuaries for theprotection of turtles, crocodiles and shorebirds. These areas are located at ~40 km and ~35 kmnorth, respectively, of the proposed exploration drilling area.

* Thamihla Kyun known as Diamond Island (designated in 1970): a wildlife sanctuary encompassingmarine areas and coral reefs that are sensitive. This area is located at ~70 km northwest of theproposed exploration drilling area.

These three sensitive areas are more detailed in APPENDIX 2.

5.4.6.2 International Protected Sites

Myanmar has one identified Ramsar site which is not considered to be affected by the project and oneImportant Bird Area (the Irrawaddy Delta) that could be affected by the project activities (located at~50 km of the project).

5.5 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

As shown on Figure 5-7, the project area is located at ~70 km from the coastal mainland, close to theAyeyarwady region; in an offshore zone, with water depths of ~114 m. The project is not expected to have

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significant interactions with the on-shore human environment in Myanmar, apart from offshore marineactivities such as fishing and goods transportation. Likelihoods that coastal human activities (small-scalefishing, aquaculture or tourism) are impacted by the project are limited, except in case of accidents oremergencies

Therefore, emphasis is made here on marine economic activities (for example, commercial sea navigationand fishing) and of the socio-economic conditions of coastal communities living in the Ayeyarwady region,which is the closest to the project area.

5.5.1 Administrative organization of the study area

Ayeyarwady region is composed of five districts:=TY_SLOL& AL`MTY LYO AdL`YRXdL bSTNS OZYm_ SLaP

a connection to the Andaman Sea, and Pathein,Labutta and Pyapon which are bordered by it. Theregion is further subdivided into 26 townships and 29cities, 219 wards, 1,912 village groups and 11,651villages. Pathein is the state capital, where all themajor government institutions are based.

The project area is located offshore three coastaldistricts and five townships that are presented in theFigure 5-7.

Figure 5-7 Offshore districts and townshipsassociated with the Project area

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5.5.2 Governance

According to the new Constitution of 2008, and the changes to the country administrative and electoralsystems, the public policies set up by the government moves towards good governance, public servicesdelivery and citizen participation through decentralization reforms and the delegation of resources andresponsibil ities to the local governance systems (state, region, township and village administrations)7. Thegovernment indeed passed several policies in order to devolve fiscal, political and administrative power tothese administrations: in 2012, it revised the Village Tract Administration Law, which increased localdemocracy through the direct election of the village tract administrator by the village inhabitants; on thesame year, it introduced the Framework on Economic and Social Reform (FESR), which underlines thedevelopment of laws and regulations to organize the decentralization process8.

In Ayeyarwady region, the most important stakeholder in the public authority is the Chief Minister who wasappointed by the central government in 2011. He is followed in importance by the districts and townshipsadministrators. At the village tract level, authority is shared between administrators, directly elected byvillagers, and informal leaders usually represented by elders. Village collective organizations, such ascommunity-based associations or cooperatives, remain limited despite the on-going decentralizationprocess9. However, traditional forms of social cohesion have been reported to prevail in the AyeyarwadyDelta villages. Local communities have strong capacities for collective problem-solving and decision-making, and are able to collaborate with each other to achieve vil lage development goals. Mutual aid andreciprocity between members of a community encountering economic or social difficulties prevail and actas safety nets in a region where state support remains low and where no public social security systemsthat would support disadvantaged people exists yet10.

7 NIXON Hamish et al., State and Region Government in Myanmar, September 2013, 96 p.

8As ia Foundation, State and Region Government in Myanmar, September 2013

9 SHIGETOMI Shinichi, OKAMOTO Ikuko, Local Soc ieties and Rural Development, Self-organizat ion and ParticipatoryDevelopment in Asia, Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO 2014

10 Tripartite Core Group, Post Nargis Joint Assessment, July 2008

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5.5.3 Population and demography

5.5.3.1 Demography

Ayeyarwady region is thesecond most populated regionin the country after Yangon,and contains 6,175,123inhabitants representing 12%of the national population11. Itsinhabitants mostly live in arural environment (85%) andinhabits dry thatch roofedhouses. The populationdensity is one of the highestof the country, with 176inhabitants per km² (justbelow Yangon at 723 andMandalay at 206). Patheindistrict contains 26% of theregion population, whileLabutta is the lowestpopulated district with 10% ofthe regional population.

The main population figuresfor the districts and townshipsclosest to the project area arepresented in Figure 5-8below. The figures in bluerepresent the districtpopulation, while the redfigures represent thetownships population.

5.5.3.2 Ethnicityand Religion

Myanmar is an ethnically diverse nation with 135 distinct ethnic groups officially recognized by thegovernment, each having a particular history, culture and language.

The Bamar (also called Burman) are the dominant ethnic group in the country. They are 29 million people(representing 69% of the population according to the 1983 census) and inhabit mostly the central andupper plains of the country.

11 These f igures include the 1,090,000 persons not counted during the 2014 national census.

Figure 5-8 Population figures in the townships and districts close to theexploration drilling project area (Source: Myanmar Information Myanmar

Unit (MMU))

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They are the most important ethnic group in Ayeyarwady region. Karen people also inhabit the region(they live in the central part of the Delta) as well as Rakhine people who live along the West coast. Smallnumbers of Buddhist Mon and Indian Muslims also live in the Ayeyarwady. Historically these ethnicgroups have lived together peacefully, and while some villages are ethnically segregated, others are a mixof several ethnic groups.

5.5.4 Human development and access to basic services

Myanmar indicators on human development and access to basic social services have improved over thelast years, but remain low according to international standards. The country Human Development Index of0.524 ranks it 150 out of 187 countries (2013), and is below the regional average of 0.703. 25.6% of itspopulation lives below the national poverty line and has limited access to health, education, energy, water,or transportation infrastructures. Myanmar also manages growing inequalities among states/regions, andbetween urban and rural areas that are differently underserved in basic services and have thereforedifferent levels of human development.

The current situation in Ayeyarwady mirrors these increasing inequalities. While the region is one of themost populated in the country, it has a poverty rate higher than the national average, with 32% of thepopulation living below the poverty line. This makes Ayeyarwady the 4th poorest region of the country.

These high poverty levels can be partly attributed to the high exposure of the Delta to natural disasters, inparticular cyclones, tsunamis and floods. Indeed, due to its geomorphological conditions, especially its lowland elevation (on average 0 to 5 meters above sea level), the region and its inhabitants are veryvulnerable to sea-related catastrophes that can destroy houses, crops and agricultural or fishingequipment.

5.5.4.1 Effects of cyclone Nargis on human development in the Delta

The Nargis Cyclone that hit Ayeyarwady and other parts regions of the country on May 2008 was the mostdevastating natural disaster in _SP NZ`Y_]dm^ ST^_Z]d' >_ WL]RPWd NZY_]TM _PO _Z TX[ZaP]T^S _SP 8PW_Linhabitants and damaged their living conditions. The cyclone caused numerous fatalities and extensivedamages to private properties, houses, crops, production equipment such as agricultural tools and fishingboats, as well as rural sources of livelihood. It also destroyed public infrastructures such as schools,health centres, roads and electricity and water networks. Six years after, although state programs andnumerous interventions from national and international NGOs were implemented in the region to helprebuild infrastructure and assist people in recovering their sources of livelihoods, the living conditions ofthe Delta inhabitants remain affected by the cyclone as recovery has not yet been fully achieved.

5.5.4.2 Health and Education

There have been recent improvements in access to healthcare in the country since its opening tointernational health organizations and NGOs. For instance, 81% of the population now lives within walkingdistance of a hospital or a health centre. Besides, health expenditures by the Ministry of Health have morethan doubled between 2007 and 2012.

However, recent health indicators are still low. Life expectancy reaches 65.7 in 2012, far below regionalneighbours, and Myanmar has the highest crude mortality rate of all Asia-Pacific countries (9 per 1,000people). Maternal and child health are a major issue, along with HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis,

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which causes substantial mortality and morbidity. In 2012, HIV/AIDS prevalence rate represented 0.6% ofthe population. Malaria incidence was measured at 2,743 cases for 100,000 people, while tuberculosisprevalence was estimated to 489 cases for 100,000 people12.

On-going health issues in Myanmar are the major consequence of past low government expenditures onhealth sector (2% of the Gross Domestic Product), low availability of medical care professionals and thepoor condition or absence of health facilities.

In Ayeyarwady, latest health indicators in terms of nutrition, maternal and child health or immunizationcoverage and HIV/AIDS do not reflect anymore the negative consequences of Nargis cyclone. Althoughdamages to health facilities, loss of health personnel and overcrowded, unsanitary camps for Internally-Displaced People caused a surge in communicable diseases and a deterioration of health conditions ofpeople affected by the cyclone, numerous intervention from national and international health partnersenabled to progressively restore the health system in the region. A 2010 UNDP survey showed thatAyeyarwady health indicators were better than in the least served states such as Rakhine or Chin, andclose to and sometimes above national average. Thus, 85.7% of the population in Ayeyarwady region hasaccess to healthcare, above national average.

Government investment in primary education is more important than in the health sector, a factdemonstrated by good indicators in terms of literacy rate (90% of adults are literate) and net primaryschool enrolment (88%). However, net secondary school enrolment is low compared to other regionalneighbours (53% of the children attend secondary school, against 79% in Thailand and 76% inIndonesia)13.

In Ayeyarwady region, the literacy rate is higher than the national average with 94.7% of the population.Access to education indicators are close to national average, with 87.5% of children enrolled in primaryschool, and 51% completing this level (against 54% at national level)14.

5.5.4.3 Water, Sanitation and Energy

Myanmar has abundant freshwater resources, and access to water is good at the national level with69.4% of the population having access to drinkable water source in 2010. Though there is varying accessto water between urban and rural populations, (81.4% against 65.2%), strong regional discrepancies areobserved. In Ayeyarwady, access to drinking water is problematic with 44.6% of the population withoutfreshwater access, the lowest figure in the country. The use of improved sanitation is better, with 82.4% ofthe regional population having access to it, above the national average.

Access to connected electricity in Myanmar stands at around 48.8% in 2010, though there are significantvariations among the states. Ayeyarwady is among the least connected; 29.7% of the population. Most ofthe households therefore rely on other sources of energy for lighting and cooking.

12 World Health Organization, Myanmar Health Profile 2012

13 UNICEF statist ics on Myanmar

14 UNICEF, A Snapshot of Child Well-being in Ayeyarwady Region, 2013

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5.5.4.4 Human Development Activities in Ayeyarwady region

Six years after Cyclone Nargis, international humanitarian assistance in the form of direct relief andreconstruction activities has ended in the region. NGOs now focus on traditional development work with19,290 projects in Ayeyarwady registered as of November 2014 by the Myanmar InformationManagement Unit (MIMU) an organization that gathers and regularly updates all the data on national andinternational NGOs action in the country. NGOs such as Mercy Corps, MERLIN, World Vision, Action Aid,Médecins du Monde mainly work on health, support to agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods,education and disaster risk reduction.

5.5.5 Economic activities in the Ayeyarwady Region

Agriculture and fisheries are the two main economic activities in the Ayeyarwady Delta, due to thecombination of fertile soils and a large and rich riverine ecosystem. Prior to Cyclone Nargis, 50 to 60 % ofthe population was engaged in agricultural activities, mostly dedicated to rice crop cultivation. The restwas engaged either in the fishery sector, or as agricultural workers, with a smaller proportion of tradersand businesses. Aquaculture, cattle breeding and salt production are other economic activities. AlthoughCyclone Nargis impacted agriculture and fishing activities directly, destroying tools and equipment, mostof the people in the Delta have now restored their sources of livelihoods six years after. However, the lackof tools and equipment, poor farming or fishing techniques and low quality inputs are still importantconstraint to the improvement of agricultural and fishery productivity in the Delta15.

Since the project is located in the offshore area, the economic activities likely to be affected are limited tofishing, commercial shipping and oil and gas exploration and production. The analysis provided belowtherefore focuses on these three sectors.

5.5.5.1 Fisheries Sector

The Ayeyarwady region has an important coastline and an extensive riverine network. Fisheries aretherefore a vital economic activity, the second most important after agriculture. This sector is dividedbetween freshwater (aquaculture, open fisheries, leasable resources) and marine fisheries. An overviewof the fishery sector at the national level is provided in the next sections, followed by a focus on marinefishery in the Ayeyarwady region.

Laws, Regulations and Implementing Agencies

Six laws are the basis for inland and marine fishery organization, management and control by the differentgovernment agencies in charge of this sector. They are listed below:

* Law Relating to the Fishing Rights of Foreign Fishing Vessels i 1989;

* Law relating to Aquaculture i 1989;

* Myanmar Marine Fisheries Law i 1990;

15 Driel, W.F. van & T. A. Nauta, Vulnerability and Resilience Assessment of the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar, Scopingphase, Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) Project, Global Water Partnership (GWP) and Delta Alliance,Delft -Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2013

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* Freshwater Fisheries Law i 1991;

* Law Amending the Myanmar Marine Fisheries Law i 1993; and

* Law Amending the Law Relating to the Fishing Rights of Foreign Fishing Vessels i 1993.

The Myanmar fisheries sector is managed by the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development,and more particularly by the Department of Fisheries (DoF), which takes care of both inland and marinefisheries. The main mission of the DoF is to develop and implement sectorial policies aiming at promotingsustainable fishing practices and ensuring the preservation of marine resources. The DoF developsconservation efforts, promotes research and surveys on the current condition of marine resources inpartnership with intergovernmental agencies, maintains statistics on fisheries, and supervises the fisherysector through delivery of licenses to national fishing vessels.

Marine Fisheries

Marine fisheries are organized under the Marine Fisheries Law, which classifies this sector into theinshore and offshore categories. Their main characteristics are detailed below:

* Inshore (or coastal) fishery: covers an area up to 10 nautical miles from the shore on theAyeyarwady and Tanintharyi coasts. Boats entering this category should not be equipped withengine having more than 12 horsepower and length of the boat is limited to 30 feet.

* Offshore fishery: covers the outer area of the inshore fishery zone up to the EEZ border. Boatsshould have more than 12 horsepower engine, and can use bottom trawl, purse seine,surrounding nets, drift nets and long lines16.

On this map, the inshore fishery zone is represented in deep blue and borders the coast, while theoffshore zone spans from the inshore borders up to the EEZ borders, at water depths varying from 0 toover 200 meters. For licensing purposes, the Department of Fisheries divided the offshore zone into 140fishing grounds of 30X30 nautical miles block, using latitude and longitude lines. It also designated fourfishing areas, namely Rakhine (40 blocks), Ayeyarwady (44 blocks), Mon (14 blocks) and Taninthary (52blocks).

As seen on this map, the project area is located in the Ayeyarwady offshore fishing zone, in water depthsof ~114 m.

Marine Fishery License System

The national fishing license system is divided into two categories based on the fishing zones:

* Inshore fishery zone license: the General Administration Department (GAD) is in charge ofTY^SZ]P QT^STYR MZL_^m TY^[PN_TZY' GSP 8P[L]_XPY_ ZQ ;T^SP]TP^ []ZNPPO bT_S _SP T^ `LYNP ZQfishing licenses upon recommendation of the GAD.

* Offshore fishery zone license: the Department of Marine Administration (DMA) takes care ofinspection and registration of the offshore fishing boats. Fishing licenses are delivered by the DoFonly when the DMA has issued its approval.

16 FAO, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, Opportunit ies and Challenges , 2014

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The Myanmar Fisheries Law encourages foreign fishing activity with the granting of fishing rights toforeign companies, but limits their activity to the EEZ and forbids it in the territorial sea.

In April 2014, the Government of Myanmar suspended the granting of fishing rights and licensing forforeign vessels until further notice. This ban is justified by alleged fish resources depletion, due tooverfishing and the use of destructive fishing gears by foreign companies whose activity has intensifiedover the last five years. It was welcomed by national fishing associations, as it was expected for a longtime17.

Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing

Myanmar law is repressive against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. It bans all fishing gears thatare destructive to the environment and fisheries resources, including pair trawl, electric fishing, fishingusing poisons, chemicals, explosives, purse seine net less than 3,5 inches mesh size and trawl net cod-end mesh size less than 2 inches18. Trawl use is also forbidden in the inshore fishery zone. Severalinstitutions are involved in fighting illegal fishing under the coordination of the Myanmar Navy: the Coastguards, the Department of Fisheries, the Myanmar Customs Department and the Myanmar Police Force.

Despite these measures, illegal fishing is commonly practiced in Myanmar waters, especially byneighbouring Thai vessels in the Andaman Sea.

Marine resources: Surveys and Estimates

Myanmar fishery institutions do not have recent and reliable data on the extent of their marine resourcesstocks and the current size and composition of marine catches. They rely on past surveys to drawestimations on fish stocks, and these surveys often make different estimations: according to the Instituteof Marine Research (a Norwegian research institution), fish stocks range between 1.3 and 1.8 millionmetric ton (mmt): 1 mmt for pelagic fish, and 0.8mmt for demersal fish, respectively. But for thegovernment of Myanmar, the potential maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of Myanmar waters is about1.05 mmt per year (0.5 mmt of pelagic fish and 0.55 mmt of demersal fish)19.

The fishery policy is therefore build on inadequate data on marine resources, which often promptsdeclarations by various stakeholders on drastic depletion of stocks and overfishing both for the offshoreand inshore fisheries.

Under the management of the Department of Fisheries, a large marine ecosystem survey was recentlyconducted in the frame of the EAF-Nansen project and the BOBLME20. This survey is expected to producecomprehensive and reliable data on marine ecosystems and resources, and will enable Myanmar fisheries

17 The Irrawady, Burma Bans Foreign Fishing Boats From Its Waters, April 3, 2014

18 KYA Kyaw, Dr., SEAFDEC, Countries prof ile of Myanmar Addressing the IUU Fishing in the Southeast Asian Region,2010

19 Tony J Pitcher, An Est imation of Compliance of the Fisheries of Myanmar with Art icle 7 (Fisheries Management) of theUN Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing, 2007

20 The EAF-Nansen project, launched in 2006, is a multi-stakeholder project funded by the Norwegian Agency forDevelopment Cooperation and managed by the FAO in partnership with the Institute of Marine Research (IMR). Itsobjec tive is to strengthen the knowledge base on fisheries and implement an ecosystem approach to marine f isheries indeveloping countries. The project conducts activit ies in the Bay of Bengal and in Myanmar, among other countries. Moreinformation at: [http: //www.eaf-nansen.org/nansen/organization/17910/en]

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institutions to draft a sustainable fisheries policy preserving marine resources while allowing for thecommercial fishery sector to prosper.

Main Characteristics of the Marine Fishery Sector

Fishing Grounds

Several commercially important species were identified during previous surveys as having a high potentialfor the offshore fisheries development. These species are mainly pelagic fishes, such as swordfish(xiphias gladius), deep-sea lobster and deep-sea shrimp, yellow fin tuna (thunnus albacares), stripedmarlin (tetrapturus audax) and sailfish (istiophorus platypus)21.

Fishing fleets and techniques

The latest estimates on the country total fishing fleet set the number of vessels at around 30,800 in 2011,among which half of it are non-motorized boats, and 1,600 trawlers22.

Myanmar fishery sector is mostly developed in the artisanal, small-scale inshore fishery zone, with 27,751inshore fishing vessels registered by the DoF in 2012, a decrease compared to the 29,371 vessels theprevious year. Among these, 55% are powered vessels, and the rest are non-motorized boats. Theyusually operate close to the coast, in waters less than 50m depth, due to a lack of technology, suitablefishing gears and equipment to process fisheries resources information (such as GPSor satell ite devices).

The offshore fishery zone is the domain of large companies, national and international, and of fishermenhaving the capital to buy equipment with the capacity to fish in high water depth. Around 2,450 nationalvessels were engaged in offshore fisheries in 2012. Additionally, 132 foreign vessels were reported havinglicenses to conduct offshore fishery before the ban23.

Thailand is an important actor of the foreign fishery sector in the country, with several Thai companieshaving fishing rights. Other companies from countries like Singapore, Japan, China or South Korea alsoparticipate in Myanmar fisheries.

Fleets operating offshore (encompassing foreign fishing vessels) mainly use active fishing gears, withtrawling, driftnet and purse seine being the most commonly used. Static fishing techniques, fish traps orstow nets, are also used but less commonly in the offshore fishery zone.

Fish Catches and Exports

Myanmar is an important contributor to the regional fishery sector along with India. In terms of volume,total catches for all sectors (aquaculture, inland and marine capture fisheries) amounted to 4,464,419tonnes in 2012. Among these, inland waters fisheries accounted for 1,246,460 tonnes and aquaculture for0,885 tonnes.

The marine capture fisheries represented half of the total production, with 2,332,790 tonnes of catches in2012, an increase of 7.5% from the previous year, and from 121% between 2003 and 2012. However, this

21 Julius Kyaw, Department of Fisheries, Present Status of Off-shore Fishery Resources and Information on Tuna Fisheryin Myanmar, Special Meeting on Improvement of Tuna Information and Data Collect ion in the Southeast Asia7-9September, 2011. Songkhla Province, Thailand.

22Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME), Transboundary Diagnostic Analaysis vol. 2, 2012.

23According to the Ins titute of Marine Research figures, available at:[http://www.imr.no/forskning/utviklingssamarbeid/surveys/myanmar_2013/en].

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QTR ]P T^ `YOP]P^_TXL_PO L^ T_ OZP^Ym_ _LVP TY_Z LNNZ`Y_ _SP []ZO`N_TZY WZ^^ NL`^PO Md TWWPRLW QT STYR& LYOby the landing of catches to foreign ports. Indeed, for fishing performed by foreign vessels, landing sitesare usually not located in Myanmar but, according to the size of catches, to Phuket in Thailand, Penang inMalaysia or even in Japan. Foreign fleets have the modern equipment and powerful engines enablingthem to easily transport their catch to international ports in a short time. These catches are therefore notreported in the country statistics. Furthermore, the general composition of the marine catches landed inthe country is also not known precisely24. This lack of data prevents the country to identify overfishing byspecies, and therefore to adopt a sustainable fishery policy.

Main landing sites and wholesale fish markets are around Yangon, at Pazuntaung Nyaungdan andAnnawa, with a fish market at San Pya in Alone township. Other major landing sites are found along thecoast, at Thandwe, Mawlamyine, Myeik and Kawthoung cities.

The best quality catches are exported to neighbouring countries. Global marine products exports in 2013amounted to 376,845 tonnes, generating revenues of USD 650 million. Excluding shrimps, fish productsrepresented 70% of these exports (266,464 tonnes), and USD 380 mill ion of revenues. During 2014 fiscalyear, a decrease in fishery export was observed with only USD 550 mill ion of revenues against the targetset by the Myanmar government for marine products exports of USD 700 million.

For low quality catches, they are processed in Myanmar in the form of fish paste or fish meal for thechicken industry, or used fresh or chil led for direct consumption, with some fish being frozen or cured.

Marine Fishery in Ayeyarwady region

The geomorphology of the Ayeyarwady Delta coastal front is characterized by a very flat land, low waterdepths (5 meters on average going up to 28 kilometres from the coastline) and shallow and brackishwaters where fishing activities are performed targeting coastal and offshore marine areas. The activefishing technique mainly used in the area is the drift net, with 401 boats using this type of gear registeredby the Department of Fisheries in 2013. No other types of fishing vessels were registered by the DoF asoperating in the area.

=ZbPaP]& G9DAm^ QT^SP]d XZYT_Z]TYR ^d^_PX QZ] A).-M06 Block indicates that other techniques are usedin the area, such as purse seine net vessels, squid fishing vessels and trawlers. Passive fishing gearshave been located as well, mainly fixed fishing nets marked by buoys at the surface, bamboo sticks withnets and fishtrap vessels install ing static fish traps. Ports of origin of the fishermen operating at M5-M6block are in Haing Gyi Island, Bogale, Pyapon and Yangon.

Interactions between the Fishery Sector and the Project

The Project area is located in the offshore fishery zone of the Ayeyarwady region. It is relatively close tothe shoreline and at water depths of 114 m. Given these parameters, there is a probability that large,industrial fishing fleets legally operate targeting mainly pelagic fish (a probability confirmed by Total E&PMyanmar through its monitoring of fishing activities in M5-M6 in the frame of the Yadana project). It is alsopossible to find foreign fishing fleet (mostly Thai) operating il legally since the recent ban forbids legalforeign fishing. Besides, small-scale fishermen that occasionally venture far away from the coast could beencountered, although this likelihood is much more limited.

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5.5.5.2 Marine traffic

Marine traffic density offshore Ayeyarwady is limitedto boats navigating between the Port of Yangon anda regional shipping lane connecting Bangladesh toThailand.

The project area is not located on any majorinternational or regional shipping lane. Moreover,marine traffic is expected to be limited to TEPMvessels at the drilling area.

5.5.5.3 Port Infrastructure

Port infrastructures in the Ayeyarwady Region arelimited to the inland port of Pathein, which borders atributary of the Ayeyarwady River. This port,although remote from the coast, is the second mostimportant port of the Delta area after the port of

Yangon. It is equipped with 10 jetties but its capacity to welcome large ships such as cargoes or othercommercial vessels is limited by a water depth of 4.5 meter. This port is therefore not frequently used byregional or international vessels.

The most important port close to the project area is Yangon Port, the first international port of Myanmar. Ithas an annual traffic of more than 2,000 vessels and 600,000 tonnes of goods transited there in 201325.Following the fast pace of economic development in the country, marine traffic has increased over the lastyears, causing regular congestion at the port. This trend is likely to continue in the future if additionalinfrastructures are not developed.

Yangon Port is placed under the management of the Myanmar Port Authority. This division of the Ministryof Transport also controls eight major ports along the coast (four on the west coast and four on the south-east coast). These ports receive international ships, but sti ll have inadequate infrastructures and lackXPNSLYT^PO QLNTWT_TP^ _SL_ NZ`WO TYN]PL^P _SPT] NL[LNT_TP^' 7ZY^P\`PY_Wd& AdLYXL]m^ RZaP]YXPY_ LN_TaPWdsupports private companies who wish to invest in the development of new port infrastructure. One projectin particular is underway 25km south of Yangon: the Myanmar International Terminals Thilawa (MITT).This is a deep sea multi-purpose container port complementing the infrastructures of the Port of Yangon.It is operated by a private foreign company, Hutchison Port Holdings. Construction works will start in June2015 according to the Myanmar Port Authority.

5.5.5.4 Offshore Oil and Gas Operations

Apart from M5 Block already operated by Total, two blocks neighbouring M6 (M3 and M9) were attributedbefore this bidding round and are operated by the Thai company Petroleum Authority of ThailandExploration and Production (PTTEP). Two other blocks were attributed during the 2013 bidding round: M4to Oil India Limited, and M7 to ROC Oil Company Limited (see figure above).

25 Interview with the Myanmar Port Authority.

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5.5.6 Stakeholder identification

Due to the fast pace of economic development in Myanmar, the use of marine space by multiple users willincrease rapidly, along with pressures on the marine ecosystems and on the individuals and companiesthat benefit from its resources or are engaged in its protection.

Besides oil and gas operators, other users having interests in the marine spaces of Myanmar havetherefore to be identified in the context of this Project, as they can either influence it or be impacted by it.These stakeholders are listed below, covering public authorities, private sector, and intergovernmentaland non-governmental organizations involved in the regulation, use or protection of Myanmar marineareas and their ecosystems.

A comprehensive identification of stakeholders will allow to build an efficient stakeholder engagementplan. This plan will determine the appropriate audience for the public consultations, whose objectives are_Z RL_SP] ^_LVPSZWOP] m [P]NP[_TZY ZY _SP []ZUPN_m^ TX[LN_^ TOPY_TQTPO LYO _SP XT_TRL_TZY XPL^ ]P^prepared in this report.

5.5.6.1 Ministries

Ministry of Energy (MoE): MoE is in charge of developing the oil and gas resources in the country. Itprovides offshore and onshore blocks through bidding rounds to national and international companies forthe purpose of exploration and/or exploitation.

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC): MONREC is in chargeof developing the country environmental policy, in particular in the fields of water and marine resourcesconservation. It is also responsible for introducing a new environmental permitting system, which is inprocess of creation.

Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development (MLFRD): MLFRD is in charge of developing,implementing and monitoring the country policies in the field of livestock, fishery and rural development, toensure food security is achieved in the country, and prevent infectious diseases development that couldendanger the national production.

* Department of Fisheries (DoF): Under the MLFRD, the DoF main mission is to guarantee thepreservation of fish resources in order to ensure the sustainability of the fishery sector. The DoFdevelops conservation efforts, promotes research and surveys on the current condition of marineresources in partnership with intergovernmental agencies, maintains statistics on fisheries, andsupervises the fishery sector through the delivery of licenses to fishing vessels.

* DoF has regional offices at the township level: these offices are responsible to handle thelicensing system and taxes collection at the local level.

Ministry of Transport (MoT)3 AZG T^ ]P^[ZY TMWP QZ] _SP Z]RLYTeL_TZY ZQ _SP NZ`Y_]dm^ _]LY^[Z]_infrastructures, from air to marine transportation.

* Department of Marine Administration (DMA): DMA is placed under the management of the Ministryof Transport. It is responsible for the marine traffic safety (conformity of ships to national safetystandards, improvement of rescue operations at sea) and human resources development in themaritime sector. It is in charge of the offshore fishing vessels inspection to determine if they meetsafety standards, prior to the delivery of fishing licenses by the DoF.

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* Myanmar Port Authority (MPA): MPA is a government agency under the Ministry of Transport,founded in 1989 and located in Yangon. It is responsible for the regulation and administration of 8coastal ports. It is also in charge of developing and improving the port infrastructures, notablythrough the development of Special Economic Zones and their associated ports.

Myanmar Navy: Naval branch of the armed forces of Myanmar with 19,000 staff. The Myanmar Navycurrently operates more than 122 vessels, and increased its activities over the last years to improvedefence of its territorial waters in particular against illegal fishing. The Navy is also responsible forsecuring Myanmar waters from illegal fishing activities and human trafficking, which they do throughpatrolling.

5.5.6.2 Universit ies and Research Institutes

University of Mawlamyine (Mon State): it is one of the few universities in the country to offer aspecialized degree in marine science, from Bachelor, Master to PhDs. It also has a Marine ScienceLaboratory in the coastal town of Setse, about 60km south of Mawlamyine city. A total of 900 students areregistered across the various classes available.

Institute of Fisheries Technology: Public institution established in Yangon in 1983 under themanagement of the Department of Fisheries. It provides training to fishermen on fishing techniques,fishing gears and fish processing, among others. Training courses can vary, from basic fishing technologyto fish processing supervision.

5.5.6.3 Public Enterprises

Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE): MOGE is Myanmar oil and gas state-owned enterprise.Established in 1983, it is an operator in oil and gas exploration and production as well as domestic gastransport through pipeline networks. It is also partner of joint-ventures with foreign oil and gas companiessuch as Total, Chevron, etc.

5.5.6.4 Regional Authorit ies

The Chief Minister, district and township administrators represent the highest levels of authority in theregion of Ayeyarwady.

5.5.6.5 Business Associations

Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (UMFCCI): UMFCCI is thelargest not-for-profit business federation of the country. Its functions include human resourcesdevelopment and training, commercial courses, management and accounting, providing trade informationand participation in international trade fairs. Almost every economic sector has its own federation underthe umbrella of the UMFCCI. This is the case for the fishing industry, represented by the MFF.

Myanmar Fishery Federation (MFF): Non-profit association founded in 1989 with the objective toencourage and promote fishing and fishery industries of Myanmar, through cooperation, training andknowledge sharing with other actors of the national fishery sector. The MFF counts 9 functionalassociations, and 13 regional fisheries associations under its umbrella. It has an important role in

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advocacy and opinion-making by regularly intervening in Myanmar media on issues of overfishing anddepletion of the country marine resources.

Myanmar Marine Fisheries Association: Member of the MFF along with eight other associations.

Myanmar Fishery Products Processors and Exporters Association (MFPPEA): Professionalassociation in charge of supporting and promoting the processing and exporting companies in Myanmar.

5.5.6.6 Oil and Gas Companies

Directly surrounding the project area, several companies were awarded interests in inshore and offshoreblocks, and their operations have either not started, or are at the exploration or exploitation stage.

PTTEP: Thai oil and gas company, operator of two blocks bordering M6: M3 block (in exploration phase)and M9 block which with M11 makes up the Zawtika project, composed of three gas fields (Zawtika,Kakonna and Gawthaka) that started to produce in March 2014.

Oil India Limited: Indian oil and Gas Company.

ROC Oil Company Limited: Australian independent upstream oil and gas company operating in China,South East Asia and Australia.

5.5.6.7 Intergovernmental Organizations

Intergovernmental organizations involved in the protection of marine spaces and/or the promotion ofsustainable fisheries at the Southeast Asia regional level are numerous. They are particularly active inMyanmar, where the fishery sector is threatened by marine resources depletion.

Asia Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC): APFIC is a regional fishery body established by the FAO atthe request of its members in 1948 during the organization of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council. ItsSecretariat is provided and supported by the FAO. Its role is to promote full and proper utilization of livingaquatic resources, by the development and management of fishing, processing and marketing activities.APFIC also aims at improving knowledge sharing, training and promotion of best practices in the fisherysector to encourage sustainable fisheries, in collaboration with other regional entities and the nationalfishery institutions of its members.

ASEAN Sectorial Working Group on Fisheries (ASWGFi): Under the leadership of the ASEAN,ASWGFi is a regional working group gathering fisheries specialists during regular consultative forumswhich address issues such as registration of fishing vessels, census of marine resources, etc. Overall, theworking group objective is to provide inputs for the creation of a common sustainable regional fisherypolicy among the ASEAN countries.

South East Asian Fisheries Development Centre (SEAFDEC): SEAFDEC mission is to develop andmanage the fisheries potential of the region, supporting the rational utilization of the resources throughtransfer of new technologies, research and information dissemination activities. SEAFDEC comprises 11member countries: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar,Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its central office is located in Thailand. The MarineFisheries Research Department and the Marine Fishery Resources Development and ManagementDepartment are the two bodies working on assessing Myanmar marine resources and estimating potentialfor development of the fishery sector. The organization has also concluded an agreement with the ASEANleading to the creation of a Fisheries Consultative Group.

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Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME): BOBLME is a regional project whoseobjectives are to develop a coordinated policy on the management and protection of marine resourcesand environment in the large ecosystem of the Bay of Bengal. Its overall goal is to improve livelihoods ofcoastal communities depending on the BOB resources. Funded by international donors (GlobalEnvironmental Facil ity, Norway, Swedish Internal Development Agency), the project is piloted by the FAOin cooperation with respective Marine and/or Fisheries Ministries in each member country (Maldives,India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia).

5.5.6.8 International Non-Governmental Organizat ions (INGOs)

The presence of international NGOs in the country has increased over the last 5 years due to the politicalopening which allows them to open branches and lead projects in various sectors, from communitydevelopment projects aiming at reducing poverty to environment conservation initiatives targeting inlandand marine ecosystems. These INGOs are listed below.

Fauna & Flora International (FFI): FFI works in Myanmar on various biodiversity and conservationprojects. It currently leads a capacity-building program for marine conservation. Started in 2012, thisprogram aims at identifying marine areas that should be protected, and support the management ofalready established protected areas. In partnership with Biodiversity and Nature ConservationAssociation (BANCA), a Myanmar national NGO, and the Forestry and Fisheries Departments, activitieswill consist in trainings on marine survey methods, community-based fisheries and marine protected areasestablishment and management. One of the pilot areas for these activities is the Myeik archipelago offThanintharyi State.

WWF: WWF has been very active in the greater Mekong region over the last decades, and has just]PNPY_Wd Z[PYPO LY ZQQTNP TY AdLYXL]' >_ LTX T^ _Z ^`[[Z]_ AdLYXL]m^ OPaPWZ[XPY_ LXMT_TZY^ bT_S Lfocus on spatial planning and biodiversity conservation in parallel with ecosystem services protection andsustainable livelihoods.

Wildlife Conservation Society: International organization based in the USA, it is involved in theconservation of species with more than 500 projects in 60 countries. It started to operate in Myanmar in1993, becoming the first international conservation organization to initiate a long-term program in thecountry. Their activities range from biological surveys, wildlife species population monitoring, to aid in theestablishment of protected areas.

Human Rights Watch: Human Rights Watch regularly conduct human rights assessments in oil and gasprojects, focusing on the pipelines connecting the offshore fields and the receiving countries than onoffshore oil and gas platforms.

5.5.6.9 National Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

The economic strategy implemented by the government has succeeded in attracting internationalinvestors interests in various business sectors. Industrial developments are significant but increasinglythreatening ecosystems. To face these new environmental challenges, several national NGOs have beencreated over the last years to preserve and protect the wide range of Myanmar natural ecosystems.

Myanmar Environmental Rehabilitation-conservation Network (MERN): MERN is a network of 20local environmental NGOs created in 2009. It works for environmental rehabilitation and conservationactivities in support of local communities, to help them improve their sources of livelihoods and foodsecurity.

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Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA): BANCA is a national NGO registeredsince 2004 whose objectives are to support conservation of nature, biodiversity through advocacy,research, networking and capacity-building programs. It works with the FFI on a marine conservationproject. It also worked on projects focusing on inland ecosystems with other international NGOs such asBirdlife International, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Care, Arcona Cambridge, etc.

Marine Science Association, Myanmar (MSAM): MSAM is a national NGO whose objectives are to takepart in the sustainable development activities in Myanmar using its marine science expertise to conductmarine and coastal research, conservation and development, and to raise awareness on marineenvironment preservation.

Community Development Association (CDA): CDA is a registered non-profit, local non-governmenthumanitarian organization established in Myanmar. Its mandates are to implement communitydevelopmental elementary interventions with effective involvement of existing support services andtechnical assistance. The Community Development Association has worked on various humanitarianassistance programs and has collaborated with Total E&P Myanmar.

Friends of Wildlife Myanmar: Run by a former forestry official and based in Yangon, Friends of Wildlifeprovides education and technical assistance to help local communities shift from slash-and-burnagriculture, hunting, and illegal logging to sustainable agriculture. It is also involved in sustainable fisherymanagement promotion.

Burma Environmental Working Group (BEWG): BEWG gather Myanmar ethnic environmental andsocial organizations, providing a forum for member organizations to collaborate on research, reporting,advocacy campaigns, capacity-building initiatives and policy formulation.

5.5.6.10 Media

Eleven Myanmar: Part of the Eleven Media Group funded in 2000, it has 5 weekly publications amongwhich one is in English, and employs 250 staff. Number of published copies is 450,000 in 2012.

The Myanmar Times: This newspaper has two versions, one in Burmese and one in English. It employsmore than 300 employees and has a circulation of around 25,000 copies.

The Irrawaddy Magazine: News magazine founded in 1992 by Burmese exiles living in Thailand. It isunaffiliated politically but supportive of democratic movements, and publishes news in English and inBurmese.

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5.6 ASSESSMENT OF THE SENSITIVITY OF THE RECEIVINGENVIRONMENT

The receiving environment in the vicinity of the project can be broken down into three major components:(i) physical environment, (ii) biological environment, and (ii i) human environment. Based on the findingsreported in the description of the environment, the sensitivities of the different components of the receivingenvironment (RE) are presented in the following table.

The scoring criteria are given in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1 Environmental sensitivity (Se)

The project area and potential zone to be impacted by the project include a significant numberof the local population and/or sensitive population, sensitive/protected animal or plant species inhigh biodiversity area, or protected ecosystems of national or worldwide importance, or includesensitive global resources area.

4

The project area and potential zone to be impacted include a significant number of inhabitants,sensitive population, some protected/sensitive animal or plant species or include sensitive orlocally protected ecosystems, or resources of regional importance.

3

The project area and potential zone to be impacted include a minor or moderate number ofinhabi tants, no sensi tive population, no protected animal or plant species, or includeecosystems or local resources that are not protected.

2

The project area and potential zone to be impacted have no inhabitant, no sensitive animal orplant species, no sensitive ecosystems or sensitive resources.

1

Jfk\9 e k_`j kXYc\ ri\jfliZ\js [f\j efk i\]\i kf k_fj\ f] k_\ f`c Xe[ ^Xj ]`\c[-

The outcomes of the coring survey receiving environment rating process are given in Table 5-2:

Table 5-2 Sensitivity of receiving environment

Receivingenvironmentcomponent

Receivingenvironmentsub-component

Commentary Se

Phys

icalenvi

ronm

ent

Naturalresources

Renewable resources & Non-renewable resources

There is low risk of def ic iency of renewable or non-renewable resources in thevicinity of the project as there are no or few activit ies. Nevertheless, used ofnon-renewable resources are more sensitive.

1

Air quality

The sensitivity of the atmospheric environment to changes in atmosphericemission concentrations in the magnitudes predicted as part of the explorat ionproject is expected to be fairly low due to the other s imilar industrial act iv itiescurrent ly undertaken in the adjacent areas.

1

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Offshoresediment

It consists of high proport ions of silt and c lay, with high nutrient contents andorganics. This indicates a soil environment in generally good condition, withchemical and physical characterist ics which would be reasonably sensible tochanges in physical composition as a result of seabed disturbance.

2

Water quality

Water quality in the region of the project area is considered to be good, withacceptable chemical water quality characteris tics. Although anthropogenicpollution has been recorded in surrounding blocks, the presence of pollution onBlock M5-M6 is not known.

2

Bio

logic

ale

nvironm

ent

Offshore environment

Plankton

The Andam an sea is very product ive with high phytoplankton densities duringthe Northeast monsoon (Novem ber). Oscillatoria erythraea and Proboscia alataare dominant species being the former the most proposed project area. A richabundance of zooplankton groups, including calanoid copepods,poecilostomatoid copepods and arrow worms is found present in the projectarea.

2

Benthiccommunities

Benthic communit ies are likely to be well presented in terms of species andabundance within the projec t area. 2

Pelagic f ish

The pelagic fish community is widespread and relatively eclect ic in itsdistribution. A wide variety of jacks, tunnys, barracudas , flying fish, sharks andrays are included in this community that extends across the entire Indian Ocean.A total of 37 pelagic f ish species were identified by the IUCN as threatened withdifferent levels of vulnerability in Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal.

2

Marinemammals

A total of 29 marine mammal spec ies have been recorded by the IUCN withdifferent levels of vulnerability:

* 2 species are endangered (EN) facing very high risk of ext inction in thewild: the Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) and the Fin Whale(Balaenoptera physalus);

* 4 species are classified as vulnerable (VU) facing high risk of extinct ionin the wild: the Indo-Pacif ic Finless Porpoise (Neophocaenaphocaenoides), the Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris), theSperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus ) and the Dugong (Dugongdugon). The Dugongs are rare and are mostly found west of theIrrawaddy Delta and further north of the main coastline.

* 1 species is near threatened (NT): the Indo-pacif ic Hump-backedDolphin (Sousa chinensis ).

A total of 10 species are likely to be found within the project area.

3

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Marine turtles

Amongst the turt le species present in Myanmar, 5 species breed regularly onMyanmar's beaches, including the Olive Ridley Turtle Lepoidochelys olivacea(vulnerable), the loggerhead Caretta caretta (endangered), the Green Turt leChelonia mydas (endangered), the Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata(critically endangered), and Leather Back Turtle Dermochelys coriacea (crit icallyendangered). Most observations of turtles are typically within 15 kilometres ofmainland shores in protected, relat ively shallow marine waters (22-55 m).However, all the marine turt les species recorded in Myanmar may occur in theM5-M6 Block during migratory movements to and from nesting beaches alongthe coast with except ion of the Loggerhead turtle.

3

Marine birds

A total of threatened 20 seabird species are current ly identified by the IUCN inMyanmar waters. Amongst these species, 4 species are identified as nearthreatened and 16 species are recorded as least concern.

Taking into account the typical habitat of these seabirds, seven species couldpotentially occur within the project area.

2

Coastal environment

SeagrassNo seagrass are present in the Irrawaddy Delta and Gulf of Martaban coastalregion. 1

Marine reptiles

Regarding sea snakes, all the spec ies identified by the IUCN in Myanmar coastalbL_P]^ SLaP MPPY TOPY_ TQ TPO L^ MPTYR ZQ lWPL^_ NZYNP]Ym'

The saltwater crocodile (Crocodilus porosus) has been recorded in swampycoastal areas throughout the region, as well as occasionally being observed inthe open sea. This species is listed by the IUCN as least concern, and it is notconsidered significant in the context of the exploration drilling projec t.

1

MangrovesALYR]ZaP^ LWZYR _SP AdLYXL]m^ NZL^_ L]P ZQ R]PL_ TX[Z]_LYNP' GSP YPL]P^_mangrove areas are located at ~70km from the exploration drilling project on theSE part of the mouth of the Irrawaddy Delta.

2

SeaweedAmong the species observed in Myanmar, Sargassum and Hypnea are the mostabundant. 2

Coral reefs

Coral Reef formation in the Irrawaddy coastal zone is restricted to the ThamihlaKyun, Coco and Preparis islands which lie far outside the zone of influence ofriver runoff.

The M6 Block is located at ~160 km and 125 km northeast of Great Coco andPreparis Islands respectively. Thamihla Kyun Island is located ~70 km northwestfrom the project locat ion..

2

5



/ 8512268 / July 2016 108


Marinemammals

Two species of marine mammals typical of coastal areas of the Andaman Seacan possibly be found within the M05-M06 Block. These include:



3

Coastalecosystem

The M5/M6 block is located at ~70 km offshore the mouth of the Irrawaddy Delta,one of the most important coastal ecosystems in the country. 3

Sens itive and Protec ted areas

Sensit iveareas

There are three sensitive areas located in the proximity of the M5-M6 block:

* Meinmahla Kyun and Kadonlay Kyun Islands located at ~40km and~35km north, respectively , of the project area.

* Thamihla Kyun known as Diamond Island located at ~70km northwestof the project area.

2

InternationalProtectedareas

Myanmar has one identif ied Ramsar site which is not considered to be affectedby the projec t and 1 Important Bird Area (the Irrawaddy Delta) that could beaffected by the projec t activit ies .

2

Hum

anenvironm

ent

Marine traff icThe project is not located on any major internat ional or regional shipping lanes,and marine traffic is expected to be limited to TEPM vessels at the drilling area. 1

Portinfrastructure

TEPM will use the foreign port of Ranong (Thailand) as logistics base for themobilizat ion of drilling vessels and equipment. 1

Offshorefishery(industrialfishing)

The project is located in the offshore fishery zone, where 2,000 f ishermen areregistered to operate and from where foreign fishing ac tivit ies have been recentlybanned. Despite being at a long dis tance from the coast (~70km), the shallowwater depths (around 100m) indicates the poss ibility to encounter numerousfishing boats, a fact confirmed by the fishery monitoring conducted by TEPM forthe neighbouring Yadana gas field (located ~7km from the drilling location).There are also indicat ions that Thai fishing vessels frequent ly and illegallyoperate in the area.

3

6


Impact and Risk Assessment and Mitigationmeasures r 06/16

/ 8512268 / July 2016 109

SECTION 6. IMPACT AND RISKASSESSMENT AND MITIGATIONMEASURES

The assessment is conducted in three distinct steps:

* Identification of the source of impact from the project description and the sensitivity of theenvironment from the description of the initial state;

* Estimation of the potential impact of each impact source on each sensitive environmentalcomponent. This approach is primarily qualitative and based on expert opinion.

* Establishment of the mitigation and compensation measures of the potential impact and estimationof the residual impact of all impacts.

The significance of impacts (Si) is scored by considering the magnitude (M) of the impact and thesensitivity (Se) of the receiving environment using the matrix presented below in accordance with TOTALE&P methodology taken from General Specification EP ENV 120. The definition of criteria for the listing ofimpacts is based on the expertise of ARTELIA built on many projects throughout the world and particularlyin the oil & gas sector, including exploration projects.

Table 6-1 Significance matrix

SignificanceSi = M x Se

Sensit ivity (Se)

1 2 3 4

Magnitude (M)

0 0 0 0 0

1 1 2 3 4

2 2 4 6 8

3 3 6 9 12

4 4 8 12 16

Pos it ive impact NO IMPACT

P NEGLIGIBLE MODERATE

MINOR MAJOR

The intensity (I) and the significance (Si) of the impacts are estimated using the guidelines presented inthe table below.

6



/ 8512268 / July 2016 110

Table 6-2 Impact Magnitude & Significance

Impact Magnitude Ranking

Major Impact: Long-term (over 10 years), far-reaching, little or no revers ible impact. Destruction of a largearea of habitat, heritage resources and landscape.

The habitat/ecosystem may not recover to its baseline state.

4

Moderate Impact: Medium-term (from 4 to 10 years), moderately or widespread and reversible. Significantchanges to the ecosystem, landscape or cultural heritage site(s ).

Changes to a habitat or ecosystem ecological features or functions, but recovery to baseline state isexpec ted within 5-10 years .

3

Minor Impact: Short-term (less than 4 years), moderately extensive and reversible impact. Slightdegradat ion of cultural heritage sites.

Reduct ion in ecosys tem or habitat integrity , but recovery to baseline state is expected within 2-5 years withminimal intervention.

2

Negligible Impact: Short-term (less than 4 years ), faintly extensive and reversible impact. No degradationto cultural heritage sites.

1

No impact. 0

Impact Significance Ranking

Physical and natural environment: Major loss or major alteration to an internationally designated sitewhereby key features will be fundam entally changed. Disturbance of a sufficient portion of the bio-geographic populat ion of a species to cause a decline in abundance, distribut ion or size of the genetic poolsuch that the population of the species , and other species dependent on it, will not recover naturally toformer levels.

Incident that requires mobilization of international response equipment and crews.

Social-economic environment: Physical resett lement of a community. Change that different ially affectsthe life chances (access to health care/medicines) of vulnerable groups (disabled, elderly, female-headedhouseholds and those living below officially defined poverty or subsistence levels).

Major

Physical and natu ral environment: Major loss or m ajor alterat ion to a locally designated site whereby keyelements will be fundamentally changed. Disturbance of a sufficient portion of the bio-geographic populationof a species to cause a decline in abundance, distribution or size of the genetic pool such that thepopulat ion of the species, and other species dependent on it , will not recover within several generations.

Incident that requires mobilization of nat ional / company response equipment.

Social-economic environment: Physical resett lement of one or more households/businesses. Medium tolong-term (>1 year) financial loss to bus inesses where recovery may be difficult . Change that different iallyaffects the livelihoods of vulnerable groups (disabled, elderly, female-headed households and those livingbelow poverty or subsistence levels).

Moderate

Physical and natural environment: Disturbance of a bio-geographic population or individuals of a speciesresult ing in a dec line in abundance or distribution over one or more generat ions, but that does not changethe integrity of the population of the species or populations of other dependent species. Incident thatrequires mobilization of on-site response equipment and crews.

Social-economic environment: Reduc tion in assets, or access to assets, such that economicdisplacement affects 1-4 individuals, households or businesses.

Damage to a site of local or regional cultural importance. Short-term (<1 year) financial loss to owners ofbusinesses where recovery is likely.

Minor

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 142

Box 6-1 Impact of underwater noise on marine fauna

Underwater noise

Underwater noise and terrestrial noise are not measured with the same units whereas bothare expressed in dB. The human ear responds in a logarithmic to inc rease in soundintensity, therefore this scale has been adopted to reflect this response. The decibel scaleis a logarithmic scale used to measure the intensity (power) of sound. It is def ined as : dB =20 log10(P/P0), where P0 is a reference pressure. The reference pressure (P0) is chosento indicate the limit of human hearing and is: 20 �Pa in air and 1 �Pa in water. Thelogarithmic decibel scale allows a large range of values to be represented by smallernumbers. For example a doubling of the pressure represents approximately 3 dB. In water,the acous tic s ignals emit ted by airguns generally have a sinusoidal form const ituted by apeak and dip in pressure. The intensity is usually expressed in dB re 1 µPa-m, whichrepresents the sound power at 1 m of the source. Underwater sound pressure levels areusually expressed on a linear decibel scale in dB rather than on an A-weighted dec ibelscale in dB(A) as normally used for environmental noise assessments of traf fic andindustrial sources . The A-weighting accounts for the fact that the human ear is mostsensitive to mid-range and high frequenc ies (1i8 kHz) and is less sensit ive to the lowerfrequencies. Underwater noise assessments generally cons ider the impacts on marineanimals rather than hum ans, such that the A-weighting is not applicable.

Sound travels approximately four-and-a-half t imes fas ter in water than in air. Absorpt ion ofsound energy is much smaller in water at lower frequenc ies, where man-made noisegenerally has most energy . As a result, man-made noise generally travels much furtherunderwater than in air.

Noise level

Sounds naturally are present in the marine environment and are generated by wind,waves, rain, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and noise emitted by living organism (marinemammals, f ish, etc).

Maritim e shipping constitutes a major source of anthropic low-frequency noise in the oceanand const itutes the dominant noise at frequencies between 50 and 300 Hz (Ulrick 1967).

Drilling operat ions generate underwater noise and vibrat ions that can range from 59 dB re1µPa@1m for jack-up rigs to 185dB re 1µPa@1m in certain drilling ships (Whale andDolphin Conservation Society, 2004) and are relat ively low compare to other humansource of noise (offshore seismic survey, piling operation i noise level of approx.. 255dBre 1µPa@1m).

Sensitivity of marine fauna to noise

Impacts from noise on marine fauna are highly dependent of the noise level. Behavioralresponse are recorded above 160 dB re 1µPa@1m (RMS) for cetaceans (US NationalMarine Fisheries Service, 2006) and above 175 dB re 1µPa@1m (RMS) for sea turt les$Cm=L]L # JTWNZc *22)4 AN7L WPd P_ LW. 2000). The NMFS defined threshold limits abovewhich audit ion loss are recorded: 180 dB re µPa (RMS) for cetaceans and 190 dB re µPa(RMS) for pinnipeds.

Potential impact

The potential impact may be avoidance or behavior changes (feeding, breeding, div ingpattern) close to the drilling operation. Hearing loss is unlikely to occur, considering thenoise level and would be temporary.

6



/ 8512268 / July 2016 143

Box 6-2 Dispersion study of the drilling cuttings r impacts on the water column

In February 2012, a drill cuttings discharge modeling was performed by Total DGEP/HSE/ENVservices for the drilling of 2 wells on Yadana field. The modeling has been performed using theMarine Environmental Modelling Workbench (MEMW ) software and in particular the ParTrack(Particle tracking for drilling discharges) models . Regarding the water column, the study assessesthe concentrat ion in sea water and performs a risk assessment of the impact on the watercolumn. The general principle of cutting discharge in the water column is presented below:

The conditions of operat ion for both operations (drilling in Yadana object of the modeling studyand Badamyar project i M6 Block) are considered to be similar by TEPM in terms ofoceanographic condit ions (bathymetry, current direction and s trength, wind direction, physicNSPXTNLW NSL]LN_P]T^_TN ZQ ^PL bL_P]h%'

The current direc tion cons idered in the modeling study is directed to the south whereasinformation available for Artelia describes 3 mains variation of the current during the year:Northeast Monsoon contributes to a general south-westerly flow of water in the Andaman Sea; inMay, the north-east monsoon system has broken down and water movement in the Andaman Seais generally eastward; the Southwest Monsoon system makes water f lowing east immediately tothe north of the Andaman Islands and flowing west along the Irrawaddy coast of Myanmar beforeturning north along the Arakan coast.

In summary, the results of the study in Yadana f ield show that dispersion at sea implies rapiddilut ion and dispersion in the water column.

For the present study, Artelia recommends the performance of a dispersion study beforeselecting the option of discharging cuttings, especially since no Environmental Baselinestudy has yet been conducted for M6 and the planning of the operation is not yet fixed(curren t in the area could be different than those modeled in 2012 at the time of operation).

6



/ 8512268 / July 2016 144

Box 6-3 Dispersion study of the drilling cuttings r impacts on the seabed

The 2012 drill cutt ings discharge modeling performed by Total on Yadana f ield, also assessed aspects relat ives to burial of organisms(study of thickness of the residual deposit), change in sediment structure (grain size change), oxygen depletion (study of the oxygenchanges) and assess the toxicity of the used chemicals. The results of the study show that dispers ion in sea is feasible, because:

* The thickness of the discharge deposit is low and decreases rapidly with the distance. At the end of the drilling operat ions, thethickness values range from 0.7 mm close to the well to 0 mm at 2 km distance. A decries is not ice with time, after 10 years, thethickness values are decreased by a factor of two.

* The oxygen rate variation, due to the part icular deposit is very low and decreases only with the distance. Indeed, at the end ofthe drilling operat ions , the values range from 1.7% close to the well to 0 % at 2 km distance. No part icular changes are noti cedafter 10 years on this factor.

* The grain size change due to the discharge deposit is low and its decrease is important with the distance. Indeed, at the end ofthe drilling operat ions, the change s ize values range from 0.45 % close to the well to 0% at 2 km distance. Bes ides, a decreaseis noticed with t ime: after 10 years, the values are decreased by a factor of two.

* The concentrations of the chemical components in the sediment are very low and decrease rapidly with distance. Indeed, at thePYO ZQ _SP O]TWWTYR Z[P]L_TZY^& _SP aLW`P^ ]LYRP Q]ZX +)n NWZ^P _Z _SP bPWW _Z )n LQ_P] + km distance. A decrease is evident withtime: after 10 years, the values are decreased by a factor of two.

The software also compiled an overall risk assessment in terms of contamination for a period of 10 years and it was demonstrated thatno risk exceeds 5% (def ined as the limit for potential impact), thus it was concluded that there is no risk during the whole discharge, andconsequently no risk thereafter.

Those results are consistent with some available publications on the impact of cuttings on benthos. Davies and Al. (1988), consider noimpact on the benthos and no trace of hydrocarbon five years after the drilling.

For the present study, Artelia recommends the performance of a dispersion study and seabed impact assessment beforeselecting the option of discharging cu ttings, especially since no Environmental Baseline study has yet been conducted for M6and the planning of the operation is not yet fixed (current in the area could be different than those modeled in 2012 at the timeof operation).

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7


Cumulative Impact Assessment r 06/16

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SECTION 7. CUMULATIVEIMPACT ASSESSMENT

7.1 METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH

The environmental impacts associated with a project may be accumulated or intensified when consideredin the context of existing operations in the area. The cumulative impacts on different environmentalindicators may vary depending on the scale, intensity, and proximity of multiple operations, as well as theinteractions of environmental ecosystems affected.

This assessment allows the consideration of deviations from baseline environmental conditions as a resultof simultaneous marine activities, current and future, and accounts for the seeming insignificance of asingle activity which may trigger, aggravate or in some other way worsen the impacts of a project whenconsidered in collaboration with another.

The evaluation of cumulative impacts associated with exploration drilling activities is complex due todiverse operational and environmental interactions.

In order to account for the complexity of cumulative impacts, this assessment was conducted in fourphases:

* Identification of environmental components which may be significantly adversely affected by theproject;

* Identification of projects or activities (mainly future) which may have a negative impact on theenvironmental components identified above;

* Determination of the sensitivity of environmental components to cumulative impacts (be they overa short- or long-term period) when considered in parallel with other projects or activ ities identifiedin the area;

* Determination of significance of cumulative impacts on the environmental components afterconsideration of proposed mitigation measures.

The potential impacts associated with the carbonate exploration drilling are considered in the context ofother existing marine operations in the potentially affected area in the sections below.

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Environmental cumulative impacts are anticipated due to the significant increase of anthropogenicunderwater sound generated by all operations, which could have an impact on the marine fauna ingeneral.

7.2.3 Determination of the leverage and influence that the Project may have over theinsignificant and project related cumulative impacts

As several offshore blocks have recently been awarded and as most of their operators are going throughan exploration stage in 2016-2017, the biggest concern for cumulative impacts would be the occurrence ofother activities on the adjacent blocks.

The adjacent blocks are as follows:

* Block M07 & M08: PTTEP i exploration activities had already occurred in the 2016. Today, noother drilling activities are known to be happening through these blocs. GSP]PQZ]P _SP]P bZYm_ MPany cumulative impacts.

* Block M08: ENI i no exploration drilling project is known to be planned in 2017.

5NNZ]OTYR _Z _ST^ NSPO WP _SP]P bZYm_ MP any other drill ing activities on the neighbouring blocks at thesame time. The fact that the drilling activities had already occurred in the neighbouring blocks enables tolimit the cumulative impacts of these activities in the Myanmar waters.

It is noticeable that coordination meetings are organized between O&G actors on a regular basis, at bothManagerial and HSE levels.

The current project will confer additional and cumulative environmental and social impacts to the proposedexploration drilling project location, though only for a short period of time.

7.2.4 A[iYh_fj_ed e\ c[Wikh[i je c_j_]Wj[ j^[ Mhe`[Yjui Yedjh_Xkj_ed je j^[

cumulative impacts

In the case that two nearby projects would occur at the same time, mitigation measures should bereviewed.

The other solution already studied by Total E&P Myanmar could be to merge its activity with one of itsneighbours in order to avoid cumulative impacts. The advantages of this solution are:

* Avoid cumulative impacts of anthropogenic underwater sound generated by both of the projects;

* Minimize mobilisation costs

The main issue lies in the organisation of this campaign for the two companies. Nevertheless, even if thefootprint of the project is enlarged (which induces a longer duration of activity), the cumulative impact isreduced since the dril l ship will not work in multiple locations at the same time, i.e. the disturbance on theseabed will not be increased but will just last longer.

As a conclusion, this option should be preferred if technical conditions allow it.

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SECTION 8. ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 INTRODUCTION

The contractor in charge of drilling will prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in accordancewith the Myanmar regulation, and to be approved by Total E&P Myanmar.

The document will incorporate the main principles of Total E&P standards, among which:

* GS-EP-ENV 001 (Environmental Requirements for Project Design and E&P Activities)

* GS-EP-ENV-120 (Environmental Impact Assessment of E&P activities).

The EMP general objective is to establish adequate tools to eliminate mitigate and/or compensateenvironmental and social impacts identified in the ESIA throughout the drilling campaign in the proposedarea.

The ESMP describes procedures, resources, roles and responsibility regarding:

* Implementation of mitigation measures proposed in the ESIA;

* Control of any environmental issues related to the Project.

For each proposed measure, the ESMP defines the technical content, operational program, organizationand means of results control. The ESMP develops with the project in a logical improvement.

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF THE PROJECT

Two levels are implemented for the environmental management of the project:

* Environmental management will be supervised on board by a Company Representativerepresenting TOTAL and nominated by Total E&P Myanmar. This person is designated asResponsible for Safety and Environment on Site.

Company Representative bTWW PY^ ]P _SL_ GZ_LWm^ ] WP^ TY _P]X^ ZQ =PLW_S& FLQP_d LYO 9YaT]ZYXPY_ L]Prespected, as well as Myanmar regulation.

* Contractor will designate an HSE coordinator within their teams in charge of the environmentaland social issues in collaboration with the Company Representative. He will also be in charge ofdaily HSE organization and the implementation of the daily reporting to Total E&P Myanmar.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 154

8.3 COMMITMENT REGISTER

Table 8-1 Commitment Register

# Projec t ac tivity/aspects Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Es timated

Consumption of natural resources

1 Use offreshwater

Reduce use of freshwater to an efficient minimum. TEPMNo Specif ic cost allocated

Use of equipment with the lowest consum ptionpossible and highest efficiency

TEPM No specific cost allocated

2 Use of fuel oil

Use of mineral oils instead of diesel oil for lubricatingdrill pipe, when poss ible TEPM/Contractor

Integrated in the Contractorprerequisites

Control and reporting of fuel consumption throughthe project

Contractor via ESMP No specific cost allocated

Inspection and regular maintenance of engines andmachines on vessels and drilling rig as part of aPrevent ive Maintenance Plan to prevent excessiveconsumption

Contractor via ESMP


Use of drains and sumps to collect and segregatefuel oil spills

Contractor via ESMPIntegrated in the Contractorprerequisites

3Use ofchemicalproducts

Implementation of a Chemical Management Planwith instruc tions for adequate storage in accordancewith MSDS instruct ions , handling and report ing ofconsumption.

Contractor via ESMP


Selection of chemicals with the lowes t ecotoxic ityand opt imizat ion of the quantit ies used.

The ecotoxicity data will be obtained from suppliersand studies performed to substitute any chemicalsthat are found to be toxic or bio accumulators.

The process of chemical selec tion will comply withTotal Group Policies.

TEPM/Contractor


MSDS to be provided with every chemical productfor safety and environmental reasons in English andany other relevant language according to the staff onboard the rig.

TEPM/Contractor

No specific cost allocated

Use of drains and sumps to collect and segregatechemical spills

Contractor via ESMP Integrated in the Contractorprerequisites

8



/ 8512268 / July 2016 155



4Use of drillingmud andaddit ives

Use of control equipment that can reduce theamount of mud discharged TEPM/Contractor


Implementation of a Chemical Management Planwith instruc tions for adequate storage in accordancewith MSDS instruct ions , handling and report ing ofconsumption of muds and additives .

Contractor via ESMP


Selection of the chemicals with the lowest eco-toxic ity and opt imization of the quantities used

TEPM/Contractor0.5 M USD for exploration

MSDS to be provided with every product selected forsafety and environmental reasons in English and anyother relevant language according to the staff onboard the rig.

TEPM/Contractor


Generation of atmospheric emissions, noise and ligh t

5

Combustion offuel for thedrilling rig andoperation ofvessels andhelicopters

Adherence to MARPOL 73/78 Annex VIrequirements including optimisation of fuel use; useof low sulphur fuel; implementation of a maintenanceplan for engines; and control of atmosphericemissions

Contractor via ESMP


Implementation of a Ship Energy EfficiencyManagement Plan (SEEMP) for the vessels(MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI requirement from 1January 2013).

Contractor via ESMP


Inspection and regular maintenance of engines andmachines on vessels and drilling rig as part of aPrevent ive Maintenance Plan to optimize thecombust ion eff iciency and reduce the emissions ofCO2, NOX, SO x and CO.

Contractor via ESMP


An Operational Discharge Management Plan will bedeveloped to control gaseous emissions

TEPM/Contractor viaESMP


Implementation of bes t available technologies toensure combustion effic iency

TEPM/Contractor Integrated in the Contractorprerequisites

6

Noise fromdrillingoperation,vessels andhelicopter

Inspection and regular maintenance of engines andmachines on vessels and drilling rig as part of aPrevent ive Maintenance Plan to reduce thegeneration of noise from engines to a practicalminimum.

Contractor via ESMP


8



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Times of operation to consider relative noiseimpacts of day and night and to reduce noisedisturbance where possible

Contractor via ESMPNo specific cost allocated

8Underwaternoise fromvessel traffic

Marine Vessels to use slow speed and adapt theroutes to avoid sensitive areas to marine mammals(specially near the coast i I rrawaddy delta - due tothe possible presence of the dugong and theIrrawaddy dolphin)

Contractor via ESMP


9Light fromdrilling rig andvessels

External lighting will be minimised to that required forsafe navigation, and safety of deck operations,except in the case of emergency.


The sea not to be direct ly illuminated unless in caseof operational necessity. Contractor via ESMP

Generation of wastewater and liqu id wastes

10

Bilge water,deck water,ballast waterand sanitarywastewater

In general, all contaminated water to be treatedbefore being discharged, and all ef fluent to meetdischarge targets defined by international standards.

TEPM/ContractorIntegrated in the Contractorprerequisites

Vessels (>400 gross tons) will comply with theMARPOL 73/78 requirement and Regulation ofVessel Inspection.

TEPM/ContractorIntegrated in the Contractorprerequisites

Bilge water:

* Bilge water shall be de-oiled prior to discharge intothe sea to an oil content less than 15 parts permillion (ppm) (MARPOL 73/78 Annex I);

* Oil discharge monitoring and control system and oilfiltering equipm ent to be operating;

* Vessel not to be stat ionary when undertakingdischarge;

* In some circumstances, oil or oily mixtures, may beretained on-board for discharge to port receptionfacilit ies (MARPOL 73/78 Annex I, Regulation 14).


8



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Ballast water:

* Ballast water discharges, if any, will comply with theInternational Convent ion for the Control andALYLRPXPY_ ZQ FST[^m 6LWWL^_ JL_P] LYO FPOTXPY_^(IMO, 2004);

* A Ballas t Water Management System and RecordBook will be implemented;

* Ships constructed in or after 2009 with a ballastwater capacity of less than 5000 cubic metres shallconduct Ballas t Water Management that meets theperformance standards in Section D-2 of theInternational Convent ion for the Control andALYLRPXPY_ ZQ ^ST[^ m MLWWL _ bL_P] LYO sediments(IMO, 2004) regarding the discharge of viableorganisms per cubic metre.


Deck water:

* GSP aP^^PW m OPNV bTWW MP NWPLYPO _Z XTYTXT P _SP

impact from oil and chemical contamination into thesea during periods of rain;

* Used oil and oil-contaminated waste shall be s toredseparately with labels for disposal onshore.

Contractor via ESMP


Sanitary wastewater:

* Implementation of a Operational DischargeManagement Plan;

* Sewage will be treated by a wastewater treatmentplant onboard vessels and drilling rig prior todischarge into the sea at a distance of more than 4naut ical miles from the nearest land and en route atnot less than 4knots (MARPOL 73/78 i Annex IV);

* The sewage water treatment units will be adequatelysized according to the number of personnel onboard.


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Addit ionally:

* Vessels have a separate drainage and treatmentsystem for contaminated run-off water;

* Vessels have open drain system which collects andtreats run-off water potentially contaminated withhydrocarbons and/or chemicals (with except ion ofthe helideck).

* During discharge the potable water generation units(reverse osmosis) are switched off to prevent anyrisk of contaminat ion to the workforce water supply .


11 Discharge ofcement

Optimization of the quantities of cement used. Contractor via ESMP No specific cost allocated

12Discharge ofdrilling cutt ingsand mud

Caps to be carbon steel and copolymerpolyoxymethylene (non-toxic and nonbioaccumulating).


Drilling fluid will be treated by centrifuges , shaleshakers and mud c leaners to separate out thecuttings from the mud.

Recycling of drilling fluid to be considered at the endof the operation.

TEPM/Contractor viaESMP


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The following IFC applicable standard to be met(IFC, 2015).

1) Water Based Drilling Fluid will be re-injected orshipped-to-shore, no discharge to sea except:

* In compliance with 96hr LC-50 SPP-3% vol. toxicitytest first for drilling fluids or alternat ively testingbased on standard toxicity assessment species(preferably site-spec if ic spec ies)a;

2) Water Based Drilling Fluid, fluids and cuttings willbe re-injected or shipped-to-shore, no discharge tosea except:

* Hg i 1 mg/kg dry weight in stock barite;

* Cd - 3 mg/kg dry weight in stock barite;

* Maximum chloride concentration must be less thanQZ ] _ TXPm^ LXMTPY_ NZYNPY_]L_TZY ZQ Q]P^S Z]brackish receiv ing water;

* Discharge via a caisson at least 15m below seasurface.

Notes:

a 96-hr LC-50: Concentration in parts per million(ppm ) or percent of the Suspended ParticulatePhase (SPP) from sample that is lethal to 50 percentof the test organism exposed to that concentrationfor a continuous period of 96 hours .

TEPM/Contractor viaESMP 0.5 M USD for exploration

A Drilling Cutt ings and Fluid Disposal Plan will beprepared taking into account cuttings and fluiddispersion (through dispersion modelling), chemicaluse, environmental risk and necessary monitoring, ifdischarge at sea is to be carried out (IFC, 2007).


Quantity of drilling mud and cutt ings will bemonitored and reported into the OperationalDischarge Management Plan to include em ergencyprocedures.


Generation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

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13Non-hazardouswaste

No solid was te to be discharged to sea especiallyincluding plast ics or plastic products and dom esticwastes (i.e. cans, glass , paper or other wastes fromliving areas) or maintenance was tes (i.e. paintsweepings, rags, deck sweepings, oil soaks,machinery deposits).

Food waste can be discharged at sea if grinded to asize of less than 25mm (MARPOL 73/78 i Annex V).

Contractor via ESMP


A Waste Management Plan including procedures forwaste segregation, handling, storage, transportationand disposal will be implemented.


Waste will be collected, sorted and brought backonshore for adequate treatment by an authorizedcompany.

Contractor via ESMPTon x 4KUSD as per contractevaluat ion

Storage of was te will be in adequate separatecontainers which are durable; tight; appropriate fortransport/transfer; and located away from anyignit ion sources:

* All was te receptacles aboard must be covered withtightly fitting, secure lids to prevent any solid wastesfrom blowing overboard.

* All storage facilities and handling equipment will bein good working order and designed in such a wayas to prevent and contain any spillage as far asprac ticable.

Contractor via ESMP


Crew to be instruc ted in was te disposal procedures. Contractor via ESMP No specific cost allocated

Waste Logs will be created and maintained to recordquantities of waste.

Detailed records of waste accidentally dischargedwill be maintained.

Contractor via ESMP No specific cost allocated

14 Hazardouswaste

The same mit igat ion measures identified above areapplicable to hazardous waste as well.

Harmful Packaged Subs tances and Noxious LiquidSubstances will be handled and disposed inaccordance with MARPOL 73/78 Annex II I and II.


The segregation of hazardous and non-hazardouswaste is mandatory, as well as storage,transportation, and disposal.


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If oil absorbents are required in the case of a smallspill the used absorbent shall be stored in containerson-board and disposed of onshore.


Disturbance of seabed

15Installat ion ofthe drilling rig

Detail investigation (ROV, camera) to optimizepositioning and penetrat ion.

TEPM Designdepartment


Select exact s ite to avoid any particular sensitiveareas, and reduce the area affected by installationand drilling as much as possible.



Spud-cans for drilling rig may be used to reduce thepenetrat ion depth of the seabed.



16Positioning ofthe drilling rig

Anchor dragging to be avoided to reducedisturbance of the sediment through, for example,perm anent mooring buoys using suction piletechnology.



17 Drillingoperation

A specif ic cutting dispersion modelling for M6 Blockdrilling act iv ities to be performed, if discharge at seais performed.



Physical presence of structures and vessels

Information briefing to the contractor's employeesduring HSE or Project inductions about the risksrelated to the presence of f ishermen or commercialships at the Project area and the mitigationmeasures planned.

TEPM/ContractorNo specific cost allocated

18Presence ofvessels anddrilling rig

Selected route to be made avoiding/minimizinginterference with shipping lanes and fishing grounds .The number of journeys to and from the rig to beoptimized.

TEPM/Contractor No specific cost allocated

Maritime authorities to be informed of the locationand duration of the ac tivit ies. TEPM/Contractor No specific cost allocated

Communications should be prepared to informZQQ^SZ]P QT^SP]XPY $_S]Z`RS Q T^SP]TP^ m L^^ZNTL_ TZY^%as well as the Department of Fisheries about theoperat ions (schedule, location, scale of the activities)and the associated safety instruct ions.


Implementation of a Grievance Mechanism for seausers (f ishermen and commercial vessels).


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A security zone to be established around the rig anda stand-by vessel/chase boat is permanently presentto warn and take necessary ac tion if a vesselapproaches the working area.

TEPM/Contractor


Vessels f itted with radar, sonar, speed log,communication equipment to facilitate vesseltrack ing and interaction with other sea users.Vessels f it ted with loud speakers to communicatewith vessels not equipped with radio.


Recruitment of a Fisheries Liaison Officer on-board,or training of crew member to represent thatfunct ion;


Introduction of invasive species

19 Ballast water The vessels will not discharge ballast water ons ite. Contractor via ESMP No specific cost allocated

20 BiofoulingThe vessels will have had a recent dry dock,inspection, hull and other niche cleaning andantifouling applicat ion.


Accidental releases and other emergency situations

21 Blowout

Installat ion of a BOP with adequate features. Ensureperformance of the preventer and integrate it inprevent ion system.

ContractorIntegrated in the Contractorprerequisites

Shallow gas surveys shall be undertaken prior toeach drilling event.

TEPM300K USD

A Blowout Contingency Plan will be implemented forthe project including training and drills.


Training and drills on the Emergency Response Planto all project personnel will be performed.


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22 Fuel and oilspills

Refuelling at sea will be subject to TEMP standardoperat ing procedures for bunkering, plus thefollowing addit ional measures:

* Refuelling will be undertaken under favourable windand sea conditions;

* Refuelling will take place during daylight hours only;

* Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) or equivalent in placeand reviewed before each fuel transfer;

* All valves and flexible transfer hoses checked forintegrity prior to use

* Dry break couplings (or similar) in place for allflexible hydrocarbon transfer hoses ;

* Refuelling of the vessels at sea will only take placeat a distance of >12 nm from nearest shore.

TEPM/Contractor


Prepare an Oil Spill Contingency Plan (SOPEP). TEPM/ContractorIntegrated in the Contractorprerequisites

Act ivation of the SOPEP in the event of fuel/oil spills .

SOPEP drills will be conducted monthly aboard thesupport vessels and drilling rig.

TEPM/Contractor


Spill response bins/kits will be located in closeproximity to hydrocarbon storage areas for promptresponse in the event of a spill or leak. The kits willbe checked for their adequacy and replenished asnecessary prior to the commencement of act ivitiesand on a regular basis thereafter. Identifiedpersonnel will be trained in use of this equipment.

Contractor


Hydrocarbons located above deck will be stored withsome form of secondary containment to containleaks or spills e.g. bund, containment pallet ,transport packs etc.

Contractor


Detailed records will be maintained of all fuel and oilspills. Any spills >80 L will be reported to MOECAFand to other relevant stakeholders in Myanmar.

TEPM/ContractorNo specific cost allocated

23Hazardousmaterials

Chemical management Plan to include hazardousmaterials emergencies.


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Spill response bins/kits will be located in closeproximity to hydrocarbon storage areas for promptresponse in the event of a spill or leak. The kits willbe checked for their adequacy and replenished asnecessary prior to the commencement of act ivitiesand on a regular basis thereafter. Identifiedpersonnel will be trained in use of this equipment.

Contractor via ESMP


Detailed records will be maintained of all accidentalreleases /discharges of hazardous materials.


24Fire andexplosions

Installat ion and funct ioning of gas detectors as wellas smoke and fire alarms in appropriately definedhazardous areas; ignition sources in gas hazardousareas will be prohibited.

Contractor via ESMP


Preparation and forecast the capacities needed torespond to any accident such as the presence of asupport vessel with f iref ight ing capacity near the rig.


An Emergency Response Plan will be implementedfor the project.


Use of high level technology standards and bestavailable technologies for emergency response. Contractor via ESMP


Develop Fire and Explosion drills monthly andtraining sessions.


Maintain detailed records of all fires and explosions.

Presence of bridging documents for interfacingTEPM and Contractor emergency managementsystems.

Contractor via ESMP


25 Hurricanes andTsunamis

Weather forecasts to be closely followed and the rigdown-manned in case of severe weather forecas t.

TEPM/ Contractorvia ESMP


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8.4 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PLAN

8.4.1 Objectives

The objective of preventive maintenance (also known as preventative maintenance) is to ensure thatall systems remain safe, fit for their intended use within their operating limits and serviceable incompliance with maritime and oil and gas practice, without waiting for items to actually break downbefore doing anything. Typical items to cover include verification of alignment of moving parts,lubrication, checking for leaks etc. This is particularly important under tropical offshore conditionswhere corrosion can occur quickly.

Preventive maintenance can also help significantly improve energy efficiency (and hence reducegreenhouse gas emissions) of the systems not already addressed under the SEEMP.

8.4.2 Legal and other requirements

' International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Safety Management (ISM) Code2014

' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Doc 9760 Airworthiness, and relatingdocuments from the state of registry and the state of the operator

' ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 9004

' American Petroleum Institute (API) standards (or equivalent) for specific types ofequipment: e.g. RP2D for cranes, RP14F for electrical systems.

' Guidelines and specifications given by the manufacturers of the various equipment

8.4.3 Location / overview

This Preventive Maintenance Plan is applicable to all systems involved in the drilling operation,including, i.e.:

' MODU navigation, jackup and cargo handling systems

' MODU drilling systems

' Subsurface components: blowout preventer, remote underwater vehicles

' Support vessels28

28 Helicopters are not mentioned explicitely as preventive maintenance is fully integrated into aeronautical procedures.

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8.4.4 Tasks

Based on a systematic approach, the contractor will provide a preventive maintenance plan in whichthey :

' Identify equipment (process / building / utilities / support services) that needs preventivemaintenance to achieve conformity with product requirements;

' Determine and define:

& the methods of maintenance (usually detailed by manufacturer manuals)

& frequencies of maintenance (this is usually detailed by the manufacturer of equipment inuser manuals)

' Provide evidence (records) that preventive maintenance was performed as planned.

Particular attention should be paid to systems that:

' affect fuel efficiency

' otherwise impact the environment, such as

& spurious underwater noise

& stray light emissions

& wastewater treatment systems, including ballast water treatment systems

8.4.5 Related plans

' Blowout contingency plan:

& Specific requirements for the blowout preventer (BOP), which is a key component forkeeping blowouts under control

' Emergency response plan:

& Emergency systems such as alarms, lifeboats, fire-QTRS_TYR [`X[^h as per ISM code

8.4.6 Performance criteria and monitoring

' Report the following Key Performance Indicators

& Percentage of maintenance plan completed on time

& Percentage of safety-critical equipment that performs to specification when tested

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8.4.7 Roles and responsibilities

' Planning

& Contract manager

) Ensure that suitable contractual clauses are included in the drilling contract toenforce preventive maintenance on the contractors

' Implementation:

& Offshore Installation Manager (OIM)

) Ensure that all systems on the MODU and its dependencies such as subseacomponents are covered by a preventive maintenance plan

& Masters of Support vessels

) Ensure that preventive maintenance plan is established and adhered to

' Control

& Person Responsible for Safety and Environment on Site (RSES)

) Keep informed about the development of preventive maintenance on a weeklybasis

) Perform a pre-drill ing assessment of preventive maintenance on the MODU andother equipment involved in the drilling project, and ensure this issue isinspected regularly thereafter

8.4.8 Schedule

' Preparation phase: contractual arrangements and validation of the plan

' Drilling phase: perform Preventive maintenance

8.4.9 Budget

' Performing preventive maintenance is part of the standard TEPM expectations; thereforethere is no separate budget line for performing this.

' Auditing requirements are estimated at 2 man-days per month.

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8.5 CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.5.1 Objectives

Drilling operations require a number of chemical additives, particularly for mud formulation and completionQW TO & TY LOOT_TZY _Z LWW _SZ^P ]P\ T]PO QZ] _SP YZ]XLW ]`YYTYR ZQ _SP aP^ PW^ $P'R' ZWaPY_^h%' GSP [ ][Z^Pof the chemical management plan is to ensure that they are used safely and to prevent them from turninginto sources of pollution.


' Myanmar Foreign Investment Law, 2012

' Prevention of Hazard form Chemical and Related Substances Law (26th August 2013)

' United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of chemicals (GHS)

' International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) and MARPOL 73/78 Annex III

' International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations

' IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Offshore Oil and Gas development, 5th June2015


The Chemical Management Plan applies to all locations where chemicals are stored or handled: i.e.essentially chemical stores on the MODU, and also logistics of chemicals by the supply vessels. The Planalso applies to chemicals stored on the Supply vessels for their own use.

It also applies to the ports where chemicals are received, loaded of offloaded. However, because the mainport for the drilling project will not be located in Myanmar, this is not further discussed as part of theESIA/ESMP, but should a port in Myanmar be also used then the points covered here would also beapplicable to the port.

Finally, the Plan also applies to hazardous waste.

8.5.4 Tasks

TEPM will finalize the inventory of chemicals required for the dril ling campaign and share the informationwith the drilling and support vessel contractors so that they may optimize their procedures.

* The inventory will refer to CAS numbers of the active substances. No Persistent OrganicPollutants or otherwise prohibited substances will be selected involved. The chemicals will beselected _Z PY^ ]P _SL_ _SP NSPXTNLW `^PO []P^PY_^ XTYTXLW TX[LN_ ZY bZ]VP]^m SPLW_S LYO ZY theenvironment, e.g. by preferring products that are classified as PLONOR (Pose Little Or No Risk tothe environment) under OSCAR;

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* Logistic details such as labeling, M aterial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), GHS classification anddelivery method will also be specified. Packaging that minimizes waste will be preferred.Requirements for storage, handling and transport will be specified.

The Drilling contractor and support vessel contractors will submit their Chemical Management Plan toTEPM for validation. The plan will cover:

' The detailed procedures for stowing chemicals on board, including hazard management, such ascompatibility issues and segregation between products that may react together, including suchrequirements as secondary confinement (bunds) or stacking rules for storage in store rooms andon deck (e.g. for temporary handling);

' Labeling and classification. Key safety information will be displayed in English and any otherlanguages commonly used onboard the rig and vessels. MSDS will be available and easilyaccessible.

' Procedures and rules for recording movements in and out of stores and ensuring sound stockmanagement

' Handling procedures for PLNS []ZO`N_& bSL_PaP] _SPT] QZ]X $[ZbOP]& WT\ TOh%& bT_S L ^[PNTLWattention to safety: e.g. PPE and ventilation requirements, tools for handling and opening of[LNVLRP^h

' 5 _SZ]TeL_TZY^ _Z aL]TZ`^ L]PL^ LYO QZ] `^P ZQ ^[PNTQTN P\`T[XPY_ ^`NS L^ QZ]V WTQ_ _]`NV^h

' Emergency procedures and equipment (e.g. eye wash stations)

A detailed procedure for refueling of the MODU at sea and transferring liquids shall be developed bythe Drill ing Contractor in agreement with the Supply vessel operators, in compliance with TEPMinternal rules. The following points will be specified:

' How the job hazard analysis is performed prior to a transfer.

' Verifications that have to be performed, such as checking the integrity of transfer hoses.

' Specific conditions required for performing a transfer: i.e. transfers shall only occur away from theshoreline, during daylight and when the wind and sea conditions are favourable.

' A step by step procedure on how to actually perform the transfer.

8.5.5 Related plans

' Waste Management Plan: The Chemical Management Plan also applies to waste.

' Oil spill contingency plan: Specific plan for dealing with hydrocarbon spills. Spills of otherchemicals must also be addressed in the Drilling contractor plans.

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' Preventive Maintenance Plan: Maintenance of equipment used for handling the chemicals


' Measure the following weekly Key Performance Indicator:

& Number of HSE incidents related to chemicals per tonne of chemical handled


' Planning

& Contract manager

) Ensure that suitable contractual clauses are included in the drill ing and othercontracts to enforce sound chemical management on the contractors

& Drilling manager

) Finalise choice of products and additives to be used. Preferably select lowtoxicity components (e.g. as per OSCAR PLONOR);

) Prefer bulk chemicals where possible so as to minimize packaging waste

) Document requirements for chemicals: list of chemicals and quantities involved,obtain MSDS for each product and identify chemicals by their CAS number.

& Person in charge of managing HSE on the project

) Review and accept the Cont]LN_Z]m^ 7SPXTNLW Management Plans

' Implementation


) Ensure that the Chemical Management Plan is adhered to

& Supply vessel masters

) Ensure that all chemicals transferred by the vessel strictly follow theInternational Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, e.g. in terms of identification andclassification, packing, labeling, documenting, stowing and segregation fromother goods with which they may react.

) Ensure crews are properly trained to manage the chemicals.

) Failing these requirements, refuse to transfer the goods.

& Helicopter operator

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) Request all cargo and luggage to comply with IATA dangerous goodsregulations

' Control


) Ensure the Chemical Management plan is part of the normal way of working

8.5.8 Schedule

' Preparation phase

& Ensuring contractual arrangements are adequate

& 8PaPWZ[XPY_ LYO LNNP[_LYNP ZQ 7ZY_]LN_Z]m^ [WLY LYO []ZNPO ]P^

' Execution phase:

& >X[WPXPY_L_TZY ZQ 7ZY_]LN_Z]m^ [WLY LYO []ZNPO ]P^

& Random checks

8.5.9 Budget

Managing chemicals in an environmentally sound manner is part of the TEPM way of doing business.The Chemical management plan does not incur additional costs.

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8.6 SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.6.1 Objectives

As part of the maritime inO`^_]dm^ NZY_]TM _TZY _Z ^LaTYR PYP]Rd LYO _hereby alleviating greenhouse gasemissions, a number of tools have been developed for optimizing the use of energy by vessels. Thesecover both the design of vessels, and their operation (speed control, weather routing, soundmaintenance, antifouling, optimum trim and draught etc.). Also SEEMPs place the responsibil ity ofmanaging fuel efficiently on the vessel operators.


' MARPOL Chapter IV and Annex VI Regulations on Energy Efficiency of ships

' IMO Guidelines for voluntary use of the ship energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI)

' IMO (Energy Efficiency Design Index) EEDI survey and verification guidelines


Project vessels (400 gross tonnes and above) shall each have their own Ship Energy EfficiencyManagement Plan, including supply vessels, the MODU if a self-propelled jack-up is mobilized or thetugs that would tow it. This applies even if a SEEMP is not required by the flag (not all countries haveyet ratified the corresponding MARPOL annexes) or due to the age of the vessel.

8.6.4 Tasks

Each ship shall keep on board a ship specific energy efficiency management plan (SEEMP), whichXLd QZ]X [L]_ ZQ _SP ^ST[m FLQP_d ALYLRPXPY_ Fd^_PX& to be developed taking into account theguidelines adopted by the organization

Weather routing, speed control, voyage planning, propeller and hull inspection, engine performancemanagement, boiler performance, optimization of amount of bunker fuel transported, draft and trim

8.6.5 Related plans

' Ballast water management and record book

& Effective fouling control of the hull is important for preventing dispersal of organisms aswell as for energy efficiency

' Preventive Maintenance Plan

& Preventive maintenance addresses the need to optimize energy and minimize emissionson the MODU, whose main energy requirements are not related to propulsion

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' A report on the efficiency of the vessels will be prepared at the end of the project, that willhelp identify potential energy efficiency improvements


' Preparations

& Contract managers

) Ensure that SEEMP requirements are included in the drilling and support vesselcontracts

& TEPM logistics manager

) Approve ad-hoc solutions based on IMO documents for vessels that do not haveSEEMPs as part of their usual operating procedures

' Implementation

& Vessel masters

) EPNZ]O PQQTNTPYNd L^ [P] ^ST[m^ F99AD


) Ensure that vessel masters comply and collect the project-related data

& TEPM logistics manager

) Collate a report at the end of the project which can be used for benchmarkingthe energy efficiency of shipping involved in offshore operations

8.6.8 Schedule

' Preparation phase:

& Develop and approve SEEMP procedures

' Execution phase:

& Collect data and produce summary report

8.6.9 Budget

The costs associated with running an SEEMP is considered by TEPM to be a normal vessel operatingNZ^_ TY _ZOLdm^ 7WTXL_P 7SLYRP NZY_Pc_' Overheads include the approval of project ad-hoc SEEMPs for

8



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vessels that do not have one as part of their flag requirements, and producing a benchmark report atthe end of the project: the total is estimated at two man-months.

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8.7 OPERATIONAL DISCHARGE MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.7.1 Objectives

The operational discharge management plan covers all discharges not covered in one of the otherplans. Typical cases are:

' Cooling water for the MODU power generation

' Gases resulting from the flaring of hydrocarbons from the well


' MARPOL 73/78 Annex V Regulations for the Prevention of Garbage form ships

' MARPOL 73/78 Annex IV Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by sewage from ships

' IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Offshore Oil and Gas development, 5th

June 2015


The Operational discharge management applies to the MODU.

8.7.4 Tasks

The drill ing contractor will develop an operational discharge management plan, to be validated byTEPM, in which the contractor:

' Identify

& the main sources of effluent and the effluent characteristics

& their points of discharge (including depth),

' Detail the monitoring systems associated with these discharges (e.g. temperaturemeasurements) together with the acceptable limits, and indicate the measures that aretaken when the monitoring values fall outside of the expected limits

' Specify the procedures to be used for discharge.

For example, in the case of water management

& De-oil bilge water to 15ppm or less of hydrocarbons

& Turn off reverse osmosis during discharges to prevent interference between dischargesand intakes

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& Ensure that oil monitoring and control systems are operational

& Move the vessel during bilge discharge

8.7.5 Related plans

' Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan: implication of type of fuel (low sulphur), andcontrol of various forms of stray energy (noise, lighting)..

' Preventive Maintenance Plan: means of minimizing some of the discharges


' Records providing evidence that al discharges have been performed in compliance with theplan


' Project preparation phase

& Contract manager

) Provide clauses ensuring the Operational discharce management plan iscompulsory

' Drilling phase


) Implement the plan

& Person Responsible for Safety and Environment on Site (RSES):

) Ensure that the plan is implemented

8.7.8 Schedule

' This measure must be performed prior to the actual mobilisation of the MODU.

8.7.9 Budget

Control of operational discharges is part of the way TEPM does business; there are therefore nospecial budgetary lines associated with this plan.

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8.8 BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT AND RECORD BOOK

8.8.1 Objectives

Many organisms disseminate around the world through transport by ballast water; this eventuallycauses severe ecosystem disruptions and loss of biodiversity when some of these organisms becometoo invasive. The shipping industry, via the IMO, has started tackling the issue with the introduction ofballast water management.


' >Y_P]YL_TZYLW NZYaPY_TZY QZ] _SP NZY_]ZW LYO XLYLRPXPY_ ZQ ^ST[^m MLWWL^_ bL_P] LYOsediments 200429

' IMO Guidelines for the Approval of Ballast Management Systems (Resolution MEPC.174(58)). (revokes MEPC.125(53))

' Procedure for Approval of Ballast Water Management Systems that make use of ActiveF`M _LYNP^ $LW Z VYZbY L^ _SP j<2 <`TOPWTYP k%' IMO resolution MEPC.169(57) (revokesMEPC.126(53))


The ballast water management plan covers all vessels over 400 gross tonnes, including the MODU if ituses some ballasting while underway (ballasting and deballasting operations on the same location areof no environmental consequence).

8.8.4 Tasks

All contracted vessels shall have:

' a Ballast Water Management Plan, which

& assists on how to avoid the risk of transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogensTY _SP ^ST[m MLWWL^_ bL_P] LYO L^^ZNTL_PO ^POTXPY_4

& TOPY_TQTP^ _SP ^ST[m^ 6LWWL^_ Water Management Officer;

& NZY^TOP]^ _SP ^ST[m^ ^LQP_d PWPXPY_^& []ZaTOP TYQZ]XL_TZY ZY _SP ^ST[m^ MLWWL _ SLYOWTYRsystem and confirms that ballast water management can be effectively planned;

29 Although Myanmar is not yet a party state, Myanmar is involved in ballast water management workshops in South-EastAsia in order to prepare for this issue.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 178

& must be written in the working language of the ship; if this language is not English,French or Spanish, a translation into one of these languages must be included.

' a Ballast Water Record Book.

' an international Ballast Water Management Certificate (or a statement of compliancefor vessels whose flag administration has not ratified the Ballast water managementconvention)

The Ballast water treatment systems must have a type approval in compliance with the IMOGuidelines for the Approval of Ballast Management Systems (Resolution MEPC. 174(58)).The vessels must:

' comply with ballast water discharge requirements

' treat ballast water

' or rotate vessels within ecozone

Compliance with all these requirements will be verified by TEPM.

8.8.5 Related plans

' Ship energy Efficiency Management Plan: fouling of the hull, which is an important role inship energy efficiency, also contributes to the spreading of undesirable organisms


Compliance will be verified by TEPM by reviewing the vessel documentation and auditingthat the treatment systems in place. A short final summary report will be prepared, showingitems such as the methods used for controlling ballast water and the amounts of ballastwater involved.


' Contract managers

& Ensure that clauses are included in the drilling and vessel contracts to enforce the soundmanagement of ballast water

' Offshore Installation Manager (OIM) and vessel masters

& Make sure that the Ballast water management plans are duly implemented

' Project HSE manager

& Audit the MODU and at least one of the supply vessels by checking:

8



/ 8512268 / July 2016 179

) the ballast water management plans;

) the proper fi lling of the log book;

) the actual ballast water management system.

& Supervising the compilation of the final report

8.8.8 Schedule

' Before mobilisation of vessels

& Preparation and approval of plans for vessels that do not yet have any.

' Execution phase:

& Implementation of the Plan

& Preparation of summary report

8.8.9 Budget

The costs of will be included in the operating costs of the vessel. Auditing and reporting costs areestimated at 2 man-weeks.

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8.9 DRILLING CUTTINGS AND FLUID DISPOSAL PLAN

8.9.1 Objectives

Because all drilling will used water based mud and the target formations are expected to have gasrather than oil, conditions are set for disposing of drilling cuttings and spent fluids at sea. The goal ofthe present plan is to define the appropriate procedures and controls for doing so in a controlledmanner.


' National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (final draft) 22nd April 2015


June 2015


The drilling cuttings and fluid disposal plan only concerns the MODU.

8.9.4 Tasks

The Drilling Contractor is to document the details of its drill ing cuttings and fluid disposal planincluding:

' Specifying the characteristics of the rig relevant for the disposal of cuttings and fluids

& E.g. temporary storage capacities, fluid recycling systems, confirmation of the length ofthe caisson used for discharges

' Detailing the analytical testing procedures used to ascertain that the materials beingdischarged meet the legal requirements

& barite contamination by mercury and cadmium

& oil content

& chloride concentration of the fluids

& quality assurance system for the sampling and analysis

' Procedures on board for authorizing discharge, including:

& Taking into account the dispersion of fluids and cuttings and any specific environmentalrisks,

& Emergency procedures for drilling mud and cuttings

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& Optimization of the amount of chemicals

& Method of discharge, normally via a caisson to avoid affecting the biologically riochersurface waters

& Monitoring performed during the discharge, e.g. turbidity

& Logging and reporting of drilling mud and cuttings discharges

In parallel, TEPM will organize toxicity testing of the each of the mud mixtures.

8.9.5 Related plans

' Operational discharge management plan


' For each source of barite that is used (i.e. supplier or type of product), a sample will betaken and sent to an independent laboratory to check that mercury and cadmium.Documentary evidence will be collected regarding the Hg and Cd content of barite, i.e.supplier data sheets and independent test reports

' During the first discharges and the main discharges, Secchi disk measurements will beperformed from sea surface level both upstream and downstream of the discharge caisson,which may be completed by turbidity profiles below the surface. These measurements willbe repeated at another date if the sea conditions differ.

' A short report summarizing all cuttings and fluid disposal operations and relevantinformation (e.g. sea conditions) will be prepared at the end of the campaign.

' More complete monitoring of the biota and sediment composition will be performed at alater date in the form of Post-project monitoring, as this operation would require specializedresources that are best mutualized by monitoring several projects at the same time.


' Planning

& Drilling manager

) Approve the plan, in coordination with HSE

' Implementation


) Execute the plan

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' Monitoring

& Cotnractor HSE coordinator

) Ensure that the chemical analyses are duly performed

) Verify low level of impact with Secchi disk and turbidity measurements andrecord the values

) Collate end of campaign synthesis report


) Confirm consistency of the discharges with the plan

8.9.8 Schedule

' Project preparation phase:

& Preparation of the Dril ling Cuttings and Fluid Disposal Plan

' Implementation phase

& Execution of the plan and preparation of summary report

8.9.9 Budget

Disposing of cuttings and fluids in an environmentally sound manner is part of the Total way of doingbusiness. Therefore, the only overheads are analytical and instrumentation costs, estimated at 10 000EUR.

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8.10 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.10.1 Objectives

The Waste Management Plan (WMP) objectives are to provide a framework to ensure that wasteproduced during the drill ing campaign is handled and disposed of under conditions that prevent impactson the environment both in Myanmar and in the country of the port used for operations30. The key stepsare to:

* Minimize the generation of waste material by judicious use of raw materials and reuse or recyclingof materials, when feasible;

* Treat or dispose waste with a minimum impact on the surrounding environment, and;

* Enhance awareness of the staff on-site about proper waste management procedures.


* IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Offshore Oil and Gas development, 5th June2015

* MARPOL 73/78 Annex V


This waste management plan is applicable to the drilling contractor and support vessel provider.

8.10.4 Tasks

The Drilling Contractor and Support vessel contractor will develop Waste Management Plans that cover,in compliance with local and international regulations:

* Define the typology of waste streams according to final means of elimination, degree of hazardassociated with each stream

& E.g. Non-hazardous wastes encompass household waste and similar from industrialactivities. Hazardous wastes are those creating a hazard due to flammability, reactivity,corrosiveness, toxicity to humans and the environment, and requiring careful and

30 Note that harmonizat ion of port waste management facilities is underway at the ASEAN level through the ASEAN PortsAssociat ion. Therefore any insight into other ports of the ASEAN zone are of interest in the Myanmar context.

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controlled disposal; hazardous wastes cover a broad range of waste types that shouldnot be mixed together (e.g. spent oils and waste paints)..31

Table 8-2 Typical waste types expected during the drill ing campaign

Non-hazardous waste Hazardous waste

Scrap metal,

Wood,

Paper, cardboard, etc.

General packaging materials

Plastics

Domestic waste

Chemical residues, paints, spent oils

Contaminated packaging materials

Special maintenance waste, batteries,filters and other

Medical waste

Cartridges from copiers or printers

Etc.

& Special attention should be paid to the segregation of potentially recyclable waste andappropriate containers should be clearly marked. To some extent recyclability dependson the quantities involved: large amounts of a homogeneous waste may be worthcollecting separately, however priorities also depend on the amount of space availableon board for segregation. Typical wastes that can be recycled include: metal scrap, usedbatteries, spent oil to be recycled, plastic water bottles, wood, paper, cardboard, etc.;

* In line with TEP Myanmar and coY_]LN_Z]m _LYOL]O & L bL _P ^PR]PRL_TZY ^NSPXP bTWW MPimplemented, with each work crew segregating its wastes into a manageable number of streams.All waste must be collected and disposed of in appropriate bins / skips / containers that areadequately labeled. Personnel will be trained in waste sorting and collection (adapted to positionand to waste generated). Note that it may be worthwhile considering better segregation than thereceiving port can currently manage, so that the crew is well trained for future conditions (i.e.accept the fact some of the waste will be lumped together).

* Firmly establish that no waste is to go overboard, with very few exceptions (essentially limited tocomminuted food waste disposed of in accordance with MARPOL)

* Means of storing and transportation until final disposal. All hazardous waste transfer must complywith Myanmar regulations and/or MARPOL rules.

& E.g. Keep waste storage facilities in good condition, chose appropriate waste containersand fit waste containers with lids. This may require systems for volume reduction, and forstoring wastes in various physical forms.

31 A useful s tarting point for defining waste streams is the European Waste Catalogue. Although it may appear daunting atfirst, it actually provides a practical solution for sort ing wastes as most work positions /activities would actually generateonly a few of the waste streams.

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& Some types of waste such as oil are more wisely kept onboard until it can be disposed ofin port facilities, i.e. it may be more reasonable not to transship them.

* Record all waste generation and movements, until final disposal. This may entail calibrating thevolumes of each type of container (possibly using photographs). One acceptable solution is tokeep separate registers for solids, l iquids and gas. Wastes have to be manifested when they aretransship or offloaded. It is mandatory that:

& Staff which transport waste are aware of its nature.

& Identification sheet has to be provided to the carrier, including the nature, hazardouswaste characteristic and measures to be taken in case of accident;

& The specific contractor in the waste treatment or disposal facility provides a certificate ofdisposal.

& In accordance with regulation 9 of MARPOL annex V, a record is to be kept of eachdischarge operation or completed incineration. This includes discharges to the sea, toreception facilities or to other ships.

Wastewater produced by living quarters must be treated before discharge to sea, as per MARPOL, AnnexIV - Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships. The Waste Management Plan willinclude procedures which explain the wastewater treatment process:

* Identification of discharge points and associated environmental issues;

* Defining discharges objectives in terms of quantity and quality (in accordance withnational/international regulations and Total E&P standards). The wastewater treatment systemsshould be dimensioned for the maximum expected population on board.

* Defining responsibility and resources for measurements, recording and discharge reporting for allfacilities in operation;

* Defining material and procedures used for discharges treatment, in order to respect predefinedthreshold values.

The Waste Management Plan prepared by the contractor will be approved by Total E&P Myanmar.Particular attention falls on the respect of national regulation and MARPOL Convention (Appendix V inparticular).

The Waste Management Plan and waste logs will be available on board the vessel at all the times.

8.10.5 Related plans

' The combination of the records from the Waste Management Plan, the OperationalDischarge Management Plan, the Drilling cuttings and fluid disposal plan, the Ballast recordbook and the spill and blowout records, together with the emissions that can be derived fromthe SEEMP should account for all releases of substances from the MODU and vessels.

' Chemical Management Plan: additional requirements applicable to hazardous waste

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' Waste generation and transportation records will be consolidated on a weekly and campaignbasis, and confirmed by spot checks of the bin contents (quality of segregation and quantities)

' An assessment will be performed of the port waste receiving facilities, identifying positive pointsand potential areas of improvement, and documented in writing.


' Planning

& Contract managers :

) Ensure that contrractual clauses can enforce waste management onto thecontractors

& Drilling contractor and support vessel operators:

) Develop waste management plans

& Person in charge of HSE on the project

) Approve contractor Waste Management Plans

' Implementation

& Offshore Installation Manager (OIM) and support vessel masters

) Ensure all waste is minimised, segregated, stored,and shipped to shore ordisposed of according to the Waste Management Plan

& Contractor HSE coordinator

) Inspect waste management practices (quality of segregation and other non-compliances with Waste Management Plans) and report to OIM and vesselmasters

) Consolidate weekly waste records

' Control

& Person responsible for Environment and Safety on Site (RSES)

) Check that waste management is properly implemented on site

8.10.8 Schedule

' Project preparation phase :

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 187

& assess and document the waste management facilities at the port used for operations

& develop and approve the Contractor Waste Management Plans and contractual meansfor enforcing it

' Project execution phase:

& manage the waste in compliance with the Waste Management Plan

' Project demobilization:

& collate waste management statistics of the whole campaign for future planning

8.10.9 Budget

Sound management of waste is part of the TEPM way of doing business. Therefore, the onlybudgetary line related to waste management is related to the assessment of the port wastemanagement facilities, estimated at one man-week plus travel expenses.

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8.11 BLOWOUT CONTINGENCY PLAN

8.11.1 Objectives

Drill ing for gas occasionally leads to accidental loss of well control and a Blowout Contingency Plan isrequired to regain control under such situations.

A specific point regarding a jackup type rig as opposed to floating rigs is that it cannot move awayquickly from the well in case of an emergency.


' IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Offshore Oil and Gas development, 5th June2015


' This plan will cover the one and only well that is included in the project

8.11.4 Tasks

Prior to the start of the drilling, TEPM will

' Develop the Blowout Contingency Plan in compliance with applicable international best practiceand Total in-house rules, including key issues such as:

& Well control strategies: e.g. well kill ing procedure, identification of solutions for drillingrelief wells etc.

& Logistics and interfacing details with for mobilizing World class specialized resources

' Ensure that all personnel involved in the Plan know their role

' Test the components of the plan

& Hardware: particularly the Blowout Preventer and all means of controlling it, in line withmanufacturer recommendations

& Organisation: perform at least one drill at the start of the drilling campaign and oneduring the campaign, at an unexpected time


' Emergency management plan: this would cover all emergency management aspects related toa Blowout but not directly related to drilling

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' Development of the blowout prevention plan

' Performance of at least one blowout drills during the early stages of drill ing

' Successful testing of the blowout preventer

' Installation of the blowout preventer


' Planning

& Drilling manager:

) Develop the Blowout Contingency Plan

' Blowout situation

& Offshore Installation Manager (OIM):

) Organize safeguard measures for personnel of the rig, e.g. evacuation

' Person Responsible for Safety and Environment on Site:

& Decisions regarding the well asset.

& Role as defined in Blowout contingency plan to be developed; usually this involvesIncident Commander role as soon as the rig staff are safe

8.11.8 Schedule

' Project preparation phase:

& Development of the Blowout contingency plan

& Testing of Blowout preventer

' Drilling

& Installation of Blowout Preventer as soon as technically possible (i.e. when the well issufficient to support its weight) and post-installation tests

& Maintain a constant level of alertness

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8.11.9 Budget

Blowout contingency planning is part of the normal TEPM way of doing business, so there are nospecial budgetary lines for this ESMP item.

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8.12 OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN

8.12.1 Objectives

Note that no oil is expected from the well as this is a gas project. The spill contingency plan thereforeprimarily addresses hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals.


' IMO International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC) 1990

' IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Offshore Oil and Gasdevelopment, 5th June 2015

' Note: It is a legal requirement to report any incidents both to Coastal StateAdministration and the Flag State Enforcement Agency.


' All project vessels over 400 gross tonnes, including the MODU will have their ownSOPEP (Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan) /SMPEP (Shipboard MarinePollution Emergency Plan) to cover ship level incidents.

' A project level spill plan, which takes into account the existence of the nearby Yadanafield (e.g. existence of resources)

8.12.4 Tasks

' The Drilling and vessel contractors are responsible for developing their own SOPEP /SMPEP plans

& For vessels over 400 tonnes, the plan already exists under the name SOPEP (ShipOffshore Pollution Emergency Plan), in accordance with MARPOL Convention.SOPEP dril ls will be regularly performed, and properly documented and logged.Particular attention is to be paid to the oil spill prevention measures mentioned in theprocedures for refueling at sea, which seems to be the main risk of pollution duringthe drilling campaign. If an oil spill does occur, the approved SOPEP plan is to befollowed and the reporting of any oil spill, regardless of quantity, is to becommunicated to TOTAL, which will liaise with relevant local authorities.

& Minor spills will be managed by cleaning instructions and absorbent productsutil ization to contain any accidental spillage (oil / chemicals). The WasteManagement Plan shall address the way to handle the recovered polluted absorbent

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products. The insurance coverage will be provided in case an oil spill occurredduring the course of operations.

' A project level spill plan will be developed, , in accordance with regulations and Totalinternal rules. This plan may be simply an adaptation of a plan for the Yadana field.Items to cover include:

& Description of operations: products involved, currents,

& Spill risk assessment listing the various scenarios and ranking of their importance

& Tier level definitions

& Distribution of roles and training

& Sensitivity mapping

& Cooperation with other agencies

& Minimum requirements for each Tier level

& Mobilization of extra resource


' Chemical management plan : details on noxious products other than hydrocarbons

' Emergency response plan: general organization of emergency management for alls ituations, including large spills

' Waste management plan: management of spil l waste


' Successful implementation of the plan will be based on drill records, and spillnotification records if any.

8.12.7 Roles and responsibilites

' Vessel masters and Offshore Installation Manager (OIM):

& Development and implementation of vessel-level SOPEP/SMPEP plans

' Person Responsible for Safety and Environment on Site (RSES):

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& As defined in the spill contingency plan. Normally, this would cover the managementof spil ls extending beyond the immediate drilling area, and coordination with nearbyYadana field

8.12.8 Schedule

' Preparation phase

& Development and approval of the Oil spill contingency plan

' Execution phase

& Drills and tests

8.12.9 Budget

The plans are part of the standard TEPM way of doing business and therefore do not include specificbudgetary lines for this project.

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8.13 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

8.13.1 Objectives

The objective of the emergency response plan is to provide an organizational framework for handlingemergency situations should they arise despite all the precautions that are taken.


' SOLAS

' MARPOL 73/78


June 2015


This plan covers all personnel and equipment involved in the project, including the MODU, supplyvessels and helicopter. All situations beyond routine cases are to be covered, and the emergencyresponse plan is to act as a flexible framework for handling a variety of conditions e.g. hurricanes,vessel collisions etc.

8.13.4 Tasks

' The contractor will first submit to Total its own emergency response plan, which shallbe adequate for the type of risks that may occur. Reference to best availableemergency response technology is expected. In addition to communication andcommand structures, specific points that need to be covered include:

& Monitor weather for hurricanes

& Monitor tsunami forecasts

& Downmaning rules based on these forecasts

' The next step will be to relate this contractor plan with the TEPM emergencymanagement organization via a contractually binding bridging document that specifiesthe interface between the Total HSE management system and that of the contractors,including emergency management requirements.


' Blowout contingency plan: additional planning for blowout incidents

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' Oil spill contingency plan: additional planning for incidents involving a spill


' Evaluation of performance during a major drill involving Total branch and the rig, heldnear beginning of drilling


' Implementation

& Vessel masters and Offshore Installation Manager (OIM):

) Address safety of the vessels and personnel

& Person Responsible for Safety and Environment on Site:

) As per Bridging document, normally this would entail coordination with otherTotal resources, such as those available on the neighbouring Yadana field

8.13.8 Schedule

' Preparation phase: development of the plan

' Start of implementation phase: perform one drill to check interfaces

' Implementation phase: Maintain state of readiness (e.g. one mobilisation exercise forstaff based in Yangon ), including update of duty roster

8.13.9 Budget

Emergency response planning is fully integrated into the Total way of doing business. There aretherefore no special budget lines for this point.

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8.14 COMMUNICATIONS PLAN

8.14.1 Objectives

The objectives of the Communications Plan is to facilitate the relations between the exploration drillingproject and other maritime users, particularly users of the sea area around the well, primarilyfishermen, and any other parties that may be affected by the project.


' Myanmar Environmental Conservation Law

' Myanmar Environmental impact assessment rules


The main coverage is for the potential sea users of the area around the well, particularly fishermen, butall other parties affected by the project should also be covered.

8.14.4 Tasks

The key actions to be undertaken are:

' Keep the maritime authorities informed about the project

' Keep the fishing communities informed about the project

' Have a fisheries liaison officer onboard, who can speak the languages most likely spoken byfishermen

' Ensure that project vessels have all the navigation and communications tools required foridentifying and communicating with other craft, including loudspeakers for vessels without radios

' Establish a security exclusion zone

' Mark the security exclusion zone

' Ensure that any information regarding non-project vessels passing in or near the project area isshared between the bridges of the vessels on site (MODU and support vessels)


' Grievance mechanism: in case the communication plan fails

' Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan: energetic implications of the routing

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' Project key performance indicators include:

& Number of vessels that came within sight of the MODU

& Number of vessels engaged


' Planning

& Person in charge of HSE on the project (Yangon)

) Inform maritime authorities and fishing communities on the project (location,OL_P^h% LYO ^`M P\`PY_Wd VPP[ _SPX `[OL_PO L^ ]P\ T]PO $L^ L XTYTX`Xinform these parties when the project has terminated)

) Brief fisheries liaison officer on his role

' Lookout


) Manage the Fisheries Liaison Officer

& Fisheries Liaison officer

) Keep a look out and engage approaching vessels

) Report to RSES

& Offshore Installation Manager (OIM) Vessel masters

) Facilitate integration of Fisheries Liaison Officer into the bridge teams

8.14.8 Schedule

' Project preparation:

& Briefing of the Fisheries Liaison Officer

& Informing the maritime authorities and fishing communities.

' Execution

& Lookout for craft in the area

& Maintain the exclusion zone

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8.14.9 Budget

The costs associated with this measure are related to the presence of a fisheries liaison officer onboard.

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8.15 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM

8.15.1 Objectives

The objective of implementing a grievance mechanism is to ensure that all people who have a justifiedcomplaint regarding the project can get a suitable response.


' IPIECA Community grievance mechanisms in the oil and gas industry. 20th January 2015


The grievance mechanism is mainly intended for users of the sea area around the project (e.g.fishermen) and for people living along the logistics routes (e.g. helicopter fl ight paths).

8.15.4 Tasks

' Develop a grievance mechanism for sea users and other potential complainants. Keycomponents include:

& A complaints register, as per the following table. A spreadsheet or simple paper registerimplementation is expected to be sufficient owing to the remoteness of the projectlocation and the short duration of the drill ing assignment.

Table 8-3 Complaints register

Date Complaintdescription

Description ofagreementsand othermeasures

Name ofthecomplainant

Signature

ObservationsComplainant

TOTAL E&PMyanmar

& A person or small group in charge of acknowledging the complaints, maintaining theregister, redirecting issues to the correct person to solve it (or decide whether thecomplaint is irrelevant) and finally ensure that the decision is communicated to thecomplainant.

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& A network of personnel related to the project (notably the TEPM switchboard, but alsostaff from the helicopter operator, other contractors, or the port used for operations) whoare likely to be contacted in the event of a complaint.

' Note that the following points are included in the TEPM commitments register:

& Check that contractor is in compliance with Myanmar labour law (employment contracts,insurance, etc.), thanks to due diligence audit process.

& Optimize the number of journeys to minimize shipping

& Select sea routes to avoid shipping

& Optimize rotation times of helicopters to avoid noise


' Communications plan: inform parties that a grievance mechanism is in place


' The following key performance will be included in project reporting:

& Number of open complaints

& Amount of time required to solve the complaints


' Registration of complaints

& TEPM project staff in Yangon

) prepare the register and disseminate knowledge of its existence

& All personnel likely to receive complaints (TEPM and contractor switchboards, fisheryliaison officer)

) redirect complaints to the person in charge of the register

' Response


) be aware of the complaints relevant to the offshore section of the project andsolve the issues under his/her control

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8.15.8 Schedule

' Project preparation and implementation phases:

& Preparation of the register and briefing of staff who may receive complaints from thepublic

& Recording of complaints and tracking of the solutions

' Project closeout

& Summarization of lessons learned

8.15.9 Budget

Establishing a grievance mechanism is part of the normal way for TEPM to do business. Moreover,owing to the very low number of complaints anticipated during the project, the cost of implementing thegrievance mechanism is expected to be minimal.

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8.16 TRAINING AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME

8.16.1 Objectives

A prerequisite to sound environmental management is that all participants be aware of the impactsrelated to their activities and know what mitigation measures are to be implemented to alleviate them.Furthermore, depending on the experience of the crews actually involved and on how they haveworked together previously, some more general training may also be required on how to execute themeasures. However, due to the short duration of the drill ing project, such supplementary training willobviously be limited.

The environmental training and awareness programme is usually merged with training programmes onsafe work practices.


' Environmental Conservation Rules (5th June 2014)

' ISO 9001 and ISO 14001


The Training and Awareness Programme applies to all project components: i.e. the MODU, supportvessels, and any port personnel directly contracted by the project. Helicopter crews will also beinvolved as they are well placed to observe any environmental anomalies, such as pollution, that mayresult from the project.

8.16.4 Tasks

The Drilling and support vessel contractors will each prepare:

' a list of topics to be addressed. A good starting point is to quickly present the impacts of theproject as indicated by the present ESIA, and the various components of the ESMP formitigating them. E.g. The following points must be addressed:

& waste minimization and segregation for all staff (the type of segregation will be adapteddepending on duties); prohibition of discharge of waste to sea

& training for various emergencies: spill response (SOPEP/SMPEP)

& sailing cautiously in the vicinity or marine mammals and avoiding damaging the seabedby dragging anchors

' a training matrix indicating what groups of personnel have to undergo which training.

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It is anticipated that most of the training will occur on board the MODU. The duration of the sessionsshould be adapted to the profile of the trainees and designed to promote a positive environmentalattitude and rouse interest and motivation. Types of training may include:

' Inductions when arriving onboard the MODU may be used for convening key messagessuch as environmental policy, top management endorsement and a few practical rulesonboard to illustrate this such as behaviour to adopt in case an environmentally unsoundsituation is observed.

' Toolbox-talk type training on the work location, including both the expression of orders, andan opportunity for the attendees to put forward suggestions.

' Face-to-face and small group discussions, particularly with supervisory staff. This form oftraining is particularly useful for establishing a good working relationship between HSE staffand the supervisors.

' Possibly classroom / cinema room meeting for covering generic issues.

TEPM will facilitate work between parties (e.g. by mutualizing training requirements expressed by thevarious contractors), comment and approve the training and awareness programmes prior to the startof the campaign.


The training and awareness programme should refer to points in each of the ESMP sub-plans.


Training records signed by the participants will be provided for each training session.


' Delivery of training

& Offshore Installation Manager (OIM):

) make sure that staff do attend the sessions as per training matrix

& HSE coordinator:

) it is anticipated that he/she will deliver most of the training (occasionallysupported by other project members as required)

& Vessel masters:

) will organize toolbox talks for port staff if required

' Control

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& Person Responsible for Safety and Environment on Site (RSES):

) ensure that the training and awareness programme is implemented

) organize any support from TEPM that the HSE coordinator may require (e.g.videoconferencing with TEPM HSE staff in Yangon)

8.16.8 Schedule

' Project preparation phase

& Finalisation and approval of the Training and Awareness Programme (contents andtraining matrix)

' Implementation phase

& Delivery of the training, particularly at the beginning of the project

8.16.9 Budget

Task-related environmental training falls under general HSE management of the project and is part ofthe normal way that TEPM does business. No special budgetary line is required for this topic.

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8.17 MONITORING PLAN

8.17.1 Objectives

The purpose of the Monitoring Plan is to ensure that environmental conditions are not significantlyaffected by the project, as determined by observations of the environment, as opposed to theimplementation of controls of the impact factors performed in the other plans.


' Environmental Conservation Law,30th March 2012


Monitoring will normally cover only the location of the well.

8.17.4 Tasks

The monitoring consists of several components

' The main component will consist of observations on the seabed regarding:

& the impact of the cuttings on sediment near the well location and on seabed faunalassemblages, and

& visual signs of dropped objects and other disturbances.

This type of observation has routinely been performed by TEPM previously on a near systematicbasis. However, since this task requires the mobilisation of heavy dedicated resources whichwould not be economically justified for a single well site; it will therefore be scheduled as part ofthe next campaign of monitoring of existing facilities and collection of baseline information.

' Observations of any special anomalies on the sea surface visible from the air and other vantagepoints will be collected during normal helicopter flights from the helicopter crews and passengers

& a simple flight debriefing form will be available at the helilounge on the rig and in theTEPM Yangon office (HSE), and the Helicopter Landing Officer will encourage recordingany unusual observations upon arrival.

& photographs may be included if appropriate authorisations can be secured;

& the forms will also cover any observations from other vantage points (e.g. from craneoperators).

' Finally, observations pertaining to the water column during discharges are described under theDrilling Cuttings and Fluid Disposal Plan.

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' Drilling cuttings and fluid disposal plan: includes some basic observations on plume dispersalin the water column


' Key performance indicators:

& Number of aerial / vantage point observations records per week

& Number of occasions during which turbidity profiles / Secchi disk readings are taken


' Drilling campaign

& Person in charge of HSE for the project

) Prepare observations form and collect findings

' Monitoring campaign

& Specialised monitoring contractor

) Record seabed conditions

8.17.8 Schedule

' Drilling campaign

& Aerial observations using the scheduled helicopter flights

& Water column turbidity profiles or Secchi disk depths

' Next TEPM Baseline and monitoring campaign:

& Seabed observations, including,

) Sediment analysis

) Benthic fauna analyses

8.17.9 Budget

The most costly part of the monitoring will be the mobilisation and logistics components, which will bemutualised with the other monitoring campaigns.

9


Public consultation and disclosure r 06/16

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SECTION 9. PUBLICCONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

9.1 PRELIMINARY CONSULTATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OFFISHERIES AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT(REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES)

After a short meeting with the Ayeyarwady General Administration, a preliminary consultation took placeon 29th June 2016 in Pathein, capital of the Ayeyarwady region.

GSP XPP_TYRm^ LRPYOL TYNW`OPO3

' Introduction on Total Exploration & Production Myanmar

' Presentation of the drilling project

' Presentation of the ESIA methodology and results

' Discussion

No major issue was raised by either the Department of Fisheries of the Environmental ConservationDepartment.

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Figure 9-1 Meeting with Department of Fisheries and Environmental Conservation Department

9



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Figure 9-2 Attendence sheet

9.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION WITH MYANMAR FISHERIES FEDERATION INYANGON

The Myanmar Fisheries Federation were consulted on 6th July 2016 in Yangon. The participantswere:

1) U Han Htun (CEO)

2) U Hla Tin, Deputy Head of Office

3) Charles

4) Daw Swe Swe Win,

5) Saw Hudson

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 210

The following points were discussed:

1) According to U Han Htun, the fishing capabilities of Myanmar fishing boats are within the

water depth between 50 and 80 m. In the proposed project area, even boats from Ye, Myeik

from Tanintharyi Division can come to fish.

2) He suggested providing this information to Tanintharyi, Ayeyarwady and Mon state because

fishing boats from these regions can come and fish in the proposed project area.

3) U Han Htun asked about the practices of waste, bilge water and mud discharges during

drilling operation.

4) He said because of public consultation organized by Oil and Gas companies, he is now

aware of and understands the nature of seismic survey and the unlikely environmental

impacts. Even the fishermen are now aware of the seismic activ ities and the preconceived

wrong idea is disappearing.

5) He requested the information of seabed describing topographic features such as presence of

seamount, shipwreck etc... Woodside has given them such information. So they got to know

why fishing boats are fishing in the same area where large seamounts are presented which

is visible in the picture of 2D seismic survey.

6) According to him, there are two researches performed in 1978 and 1980 and 2013 and 2015

by Norwegian scientists. The result is that about 90% of fish biomass is exploited and only

10% remained in Myanmar Sea. Although pelagic and demersal fishes are researched,

semi-pelagic species like tuna have not been researched so far.

7) He thinks that the proposed project is not like the accident of Gulf of Mexico which polluted

several fishes and marine mammals.

8) Being an NGO, he raised questions to the Department of Fishery how they will take action in

order to stop the decrease of fish biomass. Although the government tried to enforce the

closing fishing period, it seems not effective.

9) TEPM will provide marine mammal observation reports and the seismic information which

will be passed on only after discussion with the management.

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Figure 9-3 Consultations at MFF (left) and at the Department of Fishery (right)

9.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION WITH FISHERMEN IN PYAPON(AYEYARWADY DIVISION)

Following the recommendations of the authorities in Pathein, a consultation was held in Pyapon on 15th

July 2016, on the grounds that this coastal town is the best site for meeting with the fishing communities.The main points discussed are as follows:

Public Consultation with fishermen in Pyapon

9



/ 8512268 / July 2016 212

Figure 9-4 Public consultation in Pyapon

U Than Chaung i (MFF representative)

Q: What do you mean by Nm 50? From which location do you measure it? We like to know the exactinformation of when, where and how long the drill ing operation will be so that we could avoid the clashbetween TEPM and fishermen. We are aware that the government is doing business with TEPM andshare the benefit. We don't want any problem to occur on our fishing business. We understand that Totalwill issue mariner notice to the Dept of Fishery. Then Dept of Fishery will announce it in the newspaper.AZ^_ ZQ _SP QT SP]XPY OZYm_ SLaP LNNP^^ _Z _SP YPb [L[P]' The area is close to M3 PTTEPI.

Answer: The drilling operation will start from March to April 2017 and the duration is estimated for 35 days.Total will define a 500 m exclusion zone and no ship/vessel entry is allowed. You can fish outside this500 m zone. TEPM supply vessel will be standby. If boats are accidentally entered in the exclusion zone,standby boat together with Navy will guide them to leave the area peacefully. The exact locationprescribing Latitude and Longitude will be provided once it is confirmed. TEPM will provide flyers andmariner notices to the concerned organizations in time.

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 213

Dept of Fishery:

Q i You mentioned how you supported the community in Kanbauk pipeline area. What is your plan tosupport to the Ayeyarwady division?

Answer: Daw Swe Swe Win, we just launched the Solar retail program in Pyapon. The products are notfree of charge products and are for sale. We are working with resellers who sell these solar products andwe train them. This Solar programme is connected with the microfinance entities who provide micro loansfor those who wish to purchase the solar products. It is the first time for Total to come to Ayeyarwadydivision. We normally work in the Tanintharyi Division due to the government instruction to perform thedevelopment program where the project locates. We will have A6 block near Ngwe Saung. should thisproject be confirmed and developed, a socio-eco programme would be launched in Ayeyarwady division

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Figure 9-5 Attendance sheet - Fishermen

9



/ 8512268 / July 2016 215

Figure 9-6 Attendance sheet i Government officials

9



/ 8512268 / July 2016 216

9.1 DRAFT ADVERTISEMENT FOR M5-M6 DRILLING PROJECT

Advertisement for M5-M6 Carbonate Exploration Drilling EIA Report

Total Exploration & Production Myanmar is going to carry out an exploration drill ing program in M5-M6block located in the Andaman sea, 60 km south of the territorial water of Ayeyarwady Division,Myanmar. This survey is scheduled to commence in early 2017 using a Jack-Up Drilling Rig andrequire 50 estimated days to complete.

Complying with the EIA Rules and Procedure, TEPM was required to conduct an EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA) for this exploration drilling project. This EIA has been prepared by Total EPMyanmar and Artelia Environmental Consulting Co.,Ltd. In line with EIA procedure (2015), thestakeholder engagement has been carried out at the national and local levels in Naypyidaw, Yangonand Ayeyarwady Region. EIA report for M5-M6 Carbonate Exploration drill ing is available to see at:

* GZ_LW 9D AdLYXL]m^ bPM[LRP http://www.total.com/fr/dossiers/total-au-myanmar-

engagement-et-responsabilite

* Total EP Myanmar office in Yangon: No. 5, Sacred Tooth Relic Lake Avenue, Punn Pin

Gone Quarter No.5, Mayangone Township, Yangon,

* 5]_PWTLm^ ZQQTNP TY KLYRZY3 BZ .,(/*& GSPTY DSd` EZLO& ?dL`V_LOL GZbY^ST[& KLYRZY -

Myanmar

* Chief Minister Office, Ayeyarwady Region, Pathein

* Thanintharyi Chief Minister Office,

* Pathein Division Fisheries Department office, Ayeyarwady Region, Pathein

* Pyarpon Department of Fisheries, Ayeyarwady Region, Township Fisheries Office, Pyarpon

* Environmental Conservation Department, Ayeyarwady Region, Pathein

Feedback and comments on the report can be provided in writing to [email protected],[email protected] anO 5]_PWTLm^ ZQQTNP^ TY KLYRZY Md cccc 5[]TW +)*0'

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/ 8512268 / July 2016 217

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References r 06/16

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SECTION 10. REFERENCESWorks/Publications

Ansari, Z.A.; Furtado, R.; Badesab, S.; Mehta, P; Thwin, S. (2012). Benthic macroinvertebrate communitystructure and distribution in the Ayeyarwady continental shelf, Andaman Sea. Dans Ansari et al,Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Distribution (pp. 272-278). Indian J. Mar.Sci. Vol 41, No. 3 (June 2012).

Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project. (2012). Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis .Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) Confirmation Workshop, (pp. Volume 2 - Backgroundand Environmental Assessment). Phuket, Thailand.

CEPF. (October 2012). Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot.

Colman. (1997).Whale Shark Interaction Management with Particular Reference to Ningaloo Marine Park,1997-2007. Western Australia Wildlife Management Program No. 27 - WA Department ofConservation and Land Management (CALM). Perth.

Department of Fisheries Myanmar. (2003). National Report of Myanmar on the Sustainable Developmnetof the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME).

DOF. (2003). National Report of Myanmar, Sustainable Management of the Bay of Bengal Large MarineEcosystem.

Egashira, K.; Ave A.T. (2006). Cropping characteristics in Myanmar with some cases studies in ShanState and Mandalay Division. journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, p. 51:373.

EU. (2012). Safety of offshore oil and gas operations: lessons from past accident analysis - Ensuring EUhydrocarbons supply through better control of major hazards. JRC Scientific and Policy Reports.

Fugro. (2013). Badamyar Environmental Baseline Survey - Report No. J/1/25/2483. UK.

IFC, I. F. (2007). Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines - Offshore Oil and Gas Development.

Istituto OIKOS and BANCA. (2011). Myanmar Protected Areas - Context, Current Status and Challenges .Italy: Ancora Libri.

Joint Nature Conservation Committe (JNCC). (2010, August). Statuatory nature conservation agencyprotocol for minimising the risk of injury to marine mammals from pill ing noise. Aberdeen, UK.Consulté le December 2014, sur http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/mar/mcbem-2014-01/other/mcbem-2014-01-submission-jncc-02-en.pdf

Krakstad, J.-O., Michalsen, K., Krafft, B., Bagoien, E., Alvheim, O., Stromme, T., et al. (2013). CruiseReports "Dr. Fridtjof Nansen", Myanmar Ecosystem Survey. Bergen: Institute of MarineResearch.

Nedwell et al. (2003). Assessment of sub-sea acoustic noise and vibration from offshore wind turbinesand its impact on marine wildlife; initial measurements of underwater noise during construction ofoffshore windfarms, and comparison with background noise.

NOAA. (2010). Oil and Sea Turtles: biology planning and response, US Department of Commerce,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Response

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and Restoration. p. 116.

OGP, I. A. (2003). Environmental aspects of the use and disposal of non aqueous drill ing fluids associatedwith offshore oil & gas operations.

Sopana Booonyapiwat, Md. Nasiruddin Sada, Jay Kishore Mandal, Manas Kumar Sinha. (2007). SpeciesComposition, Abundance and Distribution of Phytoplankton in the Bay of Bengal. The Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management in the Bay of Bengal, pp. 53-64.

U. Soe-htun et al. (2001). Notes on seagrasses along Myanmar Coastal Regions. Bull. Mar. Sci. Fish,Kochi University, No. 21, pp. 13-22.

UNEP; MOECAF; GEF. (2011). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan . Myanmar .

Weir, C. R. (2007). observations of Marine Turtles in relation to Seismic Airgun Sound off Angola. MarineTurtle Newsletter 116, 17-20.

Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society. (2004). Oceans of Noise.

Witherington BE; Martin RE. (2003). Understanding and Resolving Light Pollution Problems on Sea TurtleNesting Beaches. Florida Marine Research Institute (FMRI) Technical Report TR-2:73.

BirdLife International

Myanmar Protected Areas, Istituto Oikos and Banca, 2011

Kyoto University Research Information Repository, 2012 Interaction between Fishing Activities and MarineTurtles in Myanmar, W IN / habitat: IUCN red List 2014

Salmon M (2003). Artificial night lighting and sea turtles. Biologist, 50(4): 163-168.

Salmon M, Wyneken J, Fritz E and Lucas M (1992). Seafinding by hatchling sea turtles: Role ofbrightness, silhouette and beach slope as orientation cues. Behaviour, 122(1-2): 1992.

Dolman, S.J.; Simmonds, M.P.; Keith, S. Marine wind farms and cetaceans, IWC/SC/55/E4

Laidre, K., Henriksen, O.D., Teilmann, J. & Dietz, R. 2001. Satellite tracking as a tool to study potentialeffects of an offshore wind farm on seals at Rdsand. Technical report for the Ministry of theEnvironment and Energy, Denmark.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2013) Bangladesh and Myanmarprepare for Tropical Cyclone, May 2013.

http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/

http://www.ramsar.org/wetland/myanmar

Reports

November 1994 i EBS on the Yadana field including the first marine survey around Yadana platformsarea and pipeline route (Iare & Fugro, 1995);

December 2003 i EBS of SEIN field before construction of WP3 extension (Creocean, 2004a). EMS ofYadana field after Phase 1 of Yadana development (April 1997) (Creocean, 2004b);

November 2010 i EMS of Yadana and SEIN fields revisiting some of the sampling stations that weresurveyed in 2003 surveys (Sogreah Magelis, 2011);

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December 2013 i EMS of Badamyar development in Block M5 centred over the proposed WellheadPlatform 4 (Fugro, 2013).

Socio-economic Environment

Press articles

Aung San Yamin, 3rd April 2014, Burma Bans Foreign Fishing Boats from Its Waters, The Irrawady.

Beech Hannah, 30th January 2009, A Closer Look at Burma's Ethnic Minorities, TIME.

Chuenniran Achdataya, 11th July 2014, Myanmar Sinks Thai Trawler, Bangkok Post.

Offshore Energy Today, 26th March 2014, Myanmar awards new offshore blocks.

Reports

ADB (2013) Framework of Inclusive Growth Indicators 2013, Myanmar.

ADB (December 2012) Asian Development Bank and Myanmar, Factsheet.

ADB (August 2012) Myanmar in Transition: Opportunities and Challenges.

APFIC (2004) Status and potential of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific, Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok.

APFIC (Khin Maung Aye & Win Ko Ko), 30 September i 4 October 2013, Regional Expert Workshop onTopical Trawl Fishery Management, Phuket, Thailand.

Asia Foundation (September 2013) State and Region Government in Myanmar.

Bay of Bengal large marine ecosystem project (BOBLME). (2012) Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis vol.1 and 2.

Buchanan John et al. (February 2013) Developing Disparity - M\ `feXc Eem\jkd\ek `e >lidXtjBorderlands, Transnational Institute (TNI), Burma Center Netherlands (BCN), Amsterdam.

Chie Ikeya, 2005/2006, The 'Traditional' High Status of Women in Burma: A Historical Reconsideration,journal of Burma Studies Volume 10 pp51-81

Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population (August 2014) Population and HousingCensus of Myanmar, 2014, Provisional Results, Census Report Volume I.

Driel, W.F. van & T. A. Nauta (2013) Vulnerability and Resilience Assessment of the Ayeyarwady Delta inMyanmar, Scoping phase, Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) Project, GlobalWater Partnership (GWP) and Delta Alliance, Delft-Wageningen, The Netherlands.

FAO (5i9 October 2009) Report of the Second Workshop on the Assessment of Fishery Sector Status inSouth and Southeast Asia, Bangkok.

FAO (2014) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, Opportunities and Challenges.

FAO Corporate Document Repository, Coastal State requirements for foreign fishing, Myanmar, availableat http://www.fao.org/docrep/v9982e/v9982e2w.htm.

Flewwelling Peter, Hosch Gilles (December 2003) Country review: Myanmar, Fishery Policy and PlanningDivision, Fisheries Department, available at:http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e0d.htm.

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Gausland Ingebret (March 2003) Seismic Surveys Impacts on Fish and Fisheries, Report for NorwegianOil Industry Association.

Global Justice Center (May 2013) The Gender Gap and WZXPYm^ DZWT_TNLW DZbP] TY AdLYXL]'

Hume Tim, 6 July 2014, Curfew imposed after deadly clashes between Buddhists, Muslims in Myanmar,CNN.

Integrated Household Living Condition Assessment Project Technical Unit (June 2011) IntegratedHousehold Living Conditions Survey in Myanmar (2009-2010), Poverty Profile.

Kyaw Julius (7-9 September 2011) Department of Fisheries, Present Status of Off-shore FisheryResources and Information on Tuna Fishery in Myanmar, Special Meeting on Improvement ofTuna Information and Data Collection in the Southeast Asia. Songkhla Province, Thailand.

Kya Kyaw, Dr., SEAFDEC (2010) Countries profile of Myanmar Addressing the IUU Fishing in theSoutheast Asian Region.

Ministry of Immigration and Population (August 2014) Census Report Volume 1.

Morgan Gary R, Staples Derek J. (2006) The History of Industrial Marine Fisheries in Southeast Asia,Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. APFIC ad-hocpublication.

New Than Than, February (2003) Gendered Spaces: Women in Burmese Society, Transformations, No.6.

Nixon Hamish et al. (September 2013) State and Region Government in Myanmar, 96 p.

PE Myint, 2004, National Report of Myanmar on the Sustainable Management of the Bay of Bengal LargeMarine Ecosystem, BOBLME, GCP/RAS/179/WBG.

Pitcher Tony J. (2007) An Estimation of Compliance of the Fisheries of Myanmar with Article 7 (FisheriesManagement) of the UN Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing.

SEAFDEC Training Department, Report of the Expert Meeting on Deep-sea Fishing and Its Impact toEcosystem, workshop from 31 August to 2 September 2010 at Jasmine City Hotel, Bangkok,Thailand.

SHIGETOMI Shinichi, OKAMOTO Ikuko (2014) Local Societies and Rural Development, Self-organizationand Participatory Development in Asia, Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO.

Staples D. (2009) Status and potential of offshore resources in South and Southeast Asia. Asia-PacificFishery Commission, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

Tripartite Core Group (July 2008) Post Nargis Joint Assessment.

UNFPA (June 2010) Report on Situation Analysis of Population and Development, Reproductive Healthand Gender in Myanmar.

UNICEF (2013) A Snapshot of Child Well-being in Ayeyarwady Region.

UNDP (June 2004) Myanmar Agricultural Sector Review and Investment Strategy, Volume 2: AgriculturalSector Investment Strategy.

UNDP (2013) Human Development Report 2013.

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UNDP (2013) Annual Report 2013, Myanmar.

World Health Organization (2012) Myanmar Health Profile 2012.

World Health Organization (2012) OECD, Health at a Glance Asia/Pacific 2012.

World Bank Group (October 2013) Myanmar Economic Monitor.

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SECTION 11. APPENDICES

ETTIRHM\"3 Complement legal framework

Total Policies and Specifications

Total has developed a Group Environmental Management System (GEMS), which has been adopted byTEPM). At Group level, Total has made two key declarations:

* Corporate HSE Charter: establishes ten key objectives in matters pertaining to health, safety,environment and quality.

* Exploration and Production HSE Policy: consists of twelve fundamental rules, which reinforce theCorporate Charter.

Based on Group policy, TEPM has developed a country-specific HSE management system and anEnvironment Policy Statement.

TEPM produced a Code of Conduct in 1995, with subsequent revisions in 2005 and 2011 and available inEnglish and Burmese.

TEPM Code of Conduct (2011)

In Myanmar, as in every country where Total operates, NZX[WTLYNP bT_S _SP NZX[LYdm^ =PLW_S& FLQP_d LYOEnvironmental Charter is essential. Therefore, the following principles will be implemented:

* Meet high ethical standards in working practices: To treat everyone fairly and with respect, to offerequal employment opportunities, to make sure that wages are fair and working conditions are safe,to respect the culture and tradition of local communities.

* Develop a mutual understanding with local communities: To inform them about the activitiesplanned, to establish a meaningful dialogue with local communities, to promote trust andunderstanding.

* Contribute to the development of the welfare of the local population: To train and develop localemployees, to transfer technology and expertise, to help improve the quality of life in the areaconcerned.

The Code is a statement of principle that has guided Total E&P Myanmar's actions in its capacity asProject operator. It also has legal standing; since it is appended to most agreements signed withsubcontractors working on projects and is binding on them. Its application is closely reviewed.

Total is committed to conducting Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Studies based on theTotal Exploration & Production General Specification GS-EP-ENV-*+) j9YaT]ZYXPY_LW >X[LN_5^^P^^XPY_ ZQ 9#D LN_TaT_TP^k' >_ ^_T[ WL_P^ _SL_3

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r=e Aem ifed\ekXc EdgXZk =ssessment Study is systematically undertaken during the initial stage of anyoffshore and onshore E&P project, including seismic survey, exploratory drilling, field development and[\Zfdd jj`fe`e s-

Myanmar legal and administrative framework

Institutional Environmental Governance

GSP BL_TZYLW 7ZXXT^ TZY QZ] 9YaT]ZYXPY_LW 5QQLT]^ $B795% bL^ QZ]XPO TY *22) Md AdLYXL]m^ ATYT^_]d ZQForeign Affairs (MFA) to act as a central management agency for environmental matters. This agency wasdivided into four sub-committees:

* Conservation of Natural Resources;

* Control of Pollution;

* Research, Information and Education; and

* International Cooperation.

It had a Chairman, a Secretary and a Joint Secretary. All three representatives were simultaneouslysenior officials in the MFA, the NCEA Chairman also being the Minister of Foreign Affairs. The NCEA wassubsequently reorganized into the National Environmental Conservation Committee (NECC) in April 2011.

In 1994, the NCEA formulated the National EnvironmeY_ DZWTNd $B9D% bSTNS ]P[]P^PY_^ AdLYXL]m^fundamental policy on environmental protection. The NCEA also assists the ministerial departments indrafting environmental legislation and published the Myanmar Agenda 21 in 1997 which sets outprogrammes for sustainable consumption and environmental conservation works. The Myanmar Agenda21 calls for the integrated management of natural resources and provides a blueprint for achievingsustainable development. The NCEA was replaced in April 2011 by the National EnvironmentalConservation Committee (NECC) as the central organization for the national environmental managementin Myanmar. Then, in September 2011, the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry(MOECAF) replaced the Ministry of Forestry as the focal agency for environmental management.

Following the 2015 elections, the newly elected government undertook a streamline and reorganise thevarious ministries. Of particular relevance for this EIA, this 2016 restructuration affected the Ministry OfEnvironmental Conservation and Forestry and the Ministry of Mines, which merged under the name ofMinistry Of National Resources and Environmental Conservation.

The Environmental Conservation Department, which among other tasks is in charge of controlling andreviewing Environmental Impact Assessments, is thus now part of MONREC.

The ministerial departments relevant to the M6 Block are:

* Ministry of Planning and Finance;

* Ministry of Electric Power and Energy;

* Ministry of Industry;

* Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population;

* Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation; and

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* Ministry of Transport and Communications.

The ECD manages natural resources conservation and sustainable utilization, pollution control of water,air and land for the sustainable environment. It cooperates with other government organizations, civilsociety, private sector and international organizations concerned with environmental management. ECD iscurrently engaged in:

* The development of further legislation;

* The coordination of environmental conservation activities;

* Developing plans for climate change mitigation and adaptation; combating desertification; andozone layer protection;

* Providing national reporting in line with international agreements.

A major recent legislative development is the Myanmar Environmental Conservation Law (30th March,2012), comprising 14 Chapters and 42 Articles, and implementing the Myanmar National EnvironmentalPolicy of 1994.

An Environmental Conservation Committee has been formed with the duty of enacting and guiding furtherenvironmental legislation.

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Legislation

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedure specifies the type and scope of environmentalassessment required for all investment projects that could cause environmental and social harm.

EIA serves three main functions:

* Integration of environmental issues into planning and decision making;

* Anticipation and minimization of environmental damage; and,

* Public participation in decision-making and environmental conservation.

Along with the EIA Procedure, the environmental quality guidelines aim to minimize levels of air, noise andwater pollution. The EIA Procedure and environmental quality guidelines reflect the Myanmar<ZaP]YXPY_m^ []ZR]P^^ TY [`__TYR TY [WLNP WLb^& ]PR WL_TZY^ LYO []ZNP^^P^ _Z XLYLRP T_ PNZYZXd TY Lmore environmentally sustainable fashion.

National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines

As specified in the EIA Procedure, all projects are obliged to use, comply with and refer to applicablenational guidelines or standards or international standards adopted by the Ministry.

These national Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines provide the basis for regulation and control ofnoise and vibration, air emissions, and liquid discharges from various sources in order to prevent pollutionfor purposes of protection of human and ecosystem health.

Air emissions

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Projects with significant sources of air emissions, and potential for significant impacts to ambient airquality, should prevent or minimize impacts by ensuring that: (i) emissions do not results in concentrationsthat reach or exceed national ambient quality guidelines and standards, or in their absence current WorldHealth Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines32 for the most common pollutants are summarized inthe table below; and (ii) emissions do not contribute a significant portion to the attainment of relevantambient air quality guidelines or standards (i.e., do not exceed 25% of the applicable air quality standards)to allow additional, future sustainable development in the same air shed.

Industry-specific air emissions guidelines

Parameter Averaging period Guideline value (µg/m3)

Nitrogen dioxide1-year

1-hour

40

200

Ozone 8-hour daily maximum 100

Particulate matter PM10a 1-year

24-hour

20

50

Particulate matter PM2.5b 1-year

24-hour

10

25

Sulphur dioxide24-hour

10-minute

20

500

a Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter

b Particulate matter 2.5 micrometer or less in diameter

32 Air quality guidelines global update, 2005, World Health Organization

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Appendices r 06/16

/ 8512268 / July 2016 227

Effluent levels

This guideline is primarily applicable to discharge in offshore locations (i.e. greater than 12 nautical milesfrom shore). Discharge water quality to near-shore waters should be established on a case specific basistaking into account the environmental sensitivities and assimilative capacity of receiving waters.

Effluent levels guidelines

Param eter Guideline

Drilling fluids and cuttings (water-based drilling fluid)

Water based drilling fluid, re-inject or ship to shore; no discharge to sea.

Water based drilling fluids and cuttings, re-injec t or ship to shore; no discharge tosea except:

* Mercury 1mg/kg dry weight in stock barite;* Cadmium 3mg/kg dry weight in stock barite;

* ALcTX`X NSWZ]TOP NZYNPY_]L_TZY X`^_ MP WP^^ _SL_ QZ`] _TXPm^ LXMTPY_concentration of fresh or brackish receiv ing water;

* Discharge via a caisson at least 15 meters below sea surface

Produced water Re-inject, discharge to sea maximum one day oil and grease discharge should notexceed 42mg/l; 30 day average should not exceed 29mg/l

Sewage

Com pliance with MARPOL 73/78a

Food waste

Storage displacement water

Bilge water

Deck drainage

a In near-shore waters, carefully select discharge location based on environmental sensitivities and assimilat ive capacity ofreceiv ing environment.

International Agreements and Conventions

The international Agreements and Conventions in relation to environmental and social policy to whichMyanmar is a signatory and that are relevant to the proposed project are as follows.

International agreements and convention relevant to the M05-M06 Block project

Internat ional Convent ions or Protocols Myanmar signatory year

Stockholm Convention on Persistent OrganicPollutants (POPs)

2011

International environmental treaty, s igned in 2001 and effectivefrom May 2004, that aims to eliminate or restrict the produc tion

and use of persis tent organic pollutants (POPs).

Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservationand Management of Dugongs (Dugong dugon) andtheir Habitats throughout their Range

2007

Aims to promote internationally coordinated act ions to ensurethe long-term survival of dugongs and their seagrass habitats

throughout their extensive range.

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International Plant Protect ion Convention (1952)

2006

Multilateral t reaty overseen by the Food and AgricultureOrganization that aims to secure coordinated and effect ive

actions to prevent and to control the introduct ion and spread ofpes ts of plants and plant products

RAMSAR Convent ion

2005

International treaty for the conservation and sustainableutilization of wetlands recognizing the fundamental ecologicalfunctions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, sc ient if ic,

and recreat ional value.

Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Centrefor Biodiversity

2005

An ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) is established. TheCentre shall have its seat in the Republic of the Philippines.

GSP NPY_]P [ ][Z^P T^ _Z jfacilitate cooperat ion andcoordination among the members of ASEAN, and with relevantnational governments, regional and international organisations,on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversityand the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the

use of such biodiversity in the ASEAN regionk'

Memorandum of Understanding concerningConservation and Management of marine turtles andtheir habitats of the Indian Ocean and South EastAsia33

2001

Intergovernmental agreement that aims to protect, conserve,replenish and recover and their habitats in the Indian Ocean

and South-East Asian region, working in partnership with otherrelevant actors and organizat ions

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Cartagena

2000

Is an international agreement on biosafety, as a supplement tothe Convention on Biological Diversity. The Biosafety Protocol

seeks to protec t biological diversity from the potential risksposed by genetically modified organisms resulting from modern

biotechnology.

Asia Least Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy(ALGAS)

1998

A project developed by the Asian Development Bank whichdrew up a least-cost greenhouse gas abatement strategy for

Asia. 12 countries participated inc luding Myanmar. Itsobjec tives included the development of nat ional/regional

capac it ies for the preparat ion of GHG inventories, theidentification of GHG abatement opt ions, and the preparat ion

of a portfolio of abatement projects for each country.

Convention on International Trade in EndangeredSpecies of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

1997

Multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animalsensuring that the international trade in specimens of wildanimals and plants does not threatens the survival of the

spec ies in the wild and it accords varying degrees of protection

33 http:/ /www.ioseaturtles .org/

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to more than 35000 species.

Convention for the Protect ion of the World Cultural andNatural Heritage

1994

Each state party of the convention recognized that the duty ofjensuring the identification, protection, conservation,

presentat ion and transmission to future generations of thecultural and natural heritage s ituated on its territory, belongsprimarily to that State. It will do all it can to this end, to the

utmos t of its own resources and, where appropriate, with anyinternational assistance and co-operation, in particular,

f inancial, artist ic, scient if ic and technical, which it may be ableto obtaink.

Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro

1992

Mult ilateral treaty aiming to develop national strategies for theconservat ion and sustainable use of biological diversity. It is

seen as the key document regarding sustainable developm ent.

United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC)

1992

Internat ional environmental treaty negot iated at the UnitedNations Conference on Env ironment and Development

(UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Riode Janeiro, 1992. The object ive of the treaty is to "stabilizegreenhouse gas concentrat ions in the atmosphere at a level

that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference withthe climate system". Myanmar ratified in 1994.

London Amendm ent to the Montreal Protocol, London1990

1990

To reinforce the measures laid down in the 1987 MontrealProtocol by extending its scope to new subs tances and

establishing f inancial mechanisms.

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete theOzone Layer

1989

Internat ional treaty designed to protect the ozone layer byphasing out the product ion of numerous substances that areresponsible for the ozone depletion. The treaty is structured

around several groups of halogenated hydrocarbons that havebeen shown to playa role in ozone depletion. All of these

ozone depleting substances contain either chlorine or bromine.For each group, the treaty provides a timetable on which the

production of those substances must be phased out andeventually eliminated.

Vienna Convent ion for the Protect ion of the OzoneLayer

1988

Multilateral Environmental Agreement agreed upon the ViennaConference in 1985 which acts as a framework for the

international efforts to protect the ozone layer.

International Convent ion on the Prevention of Pollutionfrom Ships, 1973 as modif ied by the protocol of 1978(MARPOL 73/78)

1988

International convention designed to minimize sea pollut ionand to preserve the marine environment from the

contamination by oil and other harmful substances andaccidental discharges of such substances.

Myanmar has only rat if ied annex I/ II. Nevertheless,

11


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recommendation of annex IV and V were also considered

International Convent ion on Standards of Training,Certif ication and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978(STCW)

1988

This convention concerns the projec t particularly by its 2010amendment which asks for new requirements for marine

environment awareness training and training in leadership andteamwork ; and new training guidance for personnel operat ing

Dynamic Positioning Systems.

E>D5A Z] 7C@E9< 7ZYaPY_TZY 0+ jNZWWT TZY]PR WL_TZY 0+k

1987

The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea1972 (Colregs) are published by the International Marit im e

Organizat ion (IMO) and set out, among other things, the "rulesof the road" or navigation rules to be followed by ships and

other vessels at sea to prevent collisions between two or morevessels

SOLAS Convention (Safety Of Life At Sea)

1987

International maritime safety treaty. It ensures that shipsflagged by s ignatory States comply with minimum safety

standards in construct ion, equipment and operat ion.

United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)34

1986

International agreement which defines the rights andrespons ibilit ies of nations with respect to their use of the world's

oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, theenv ironment, and the management of marine.

ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature andNatural Resources, Kuala Lumpur

1985

j$*% The Contracting Part ies, within the framework of theirrespec tive nat ional laws , undertake to adopt singly, or where

necessary and appropriate through concerted act ion, themeasures necessary to maintain essent ial ecological processand life-support systems, to preserve genetic divers ity, and to

ensure the sustainable utilization of harvested naturalresources under their jurisdiction in accordance with scientificprinciples and with a view to attaining the goal of sustainable

development.

(2) To this end they shall develop national conservationstrategies, and shall co-ordinate such s trategies within the

framework of a conservation strategy for the Regionk.

34 http:/ /www.un.org/depts/los/convent ion_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS-TOC.htm

11


Appendices r 06/16

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Convention on Wetlands of International Importance(RAMSAR), Iran

1971

International treaty for the conservation and sustainableutilization of wet lands. In Myanmar this treaty entered into force

in 2005.

Plant Protect ion Agreement for the Southeast Asia andthe Pacif ic Region, Rome

1956

The Contracting Governments established a regionalcommittee, to be known as the Plant Protect ion Committee for

the South East As ia and Pac ific Region to:

a) the determinat ion of procedures and arrangementsnecessary for the implementation of this Agreement and themaking of recommendat ions to the Contract ing Governments

accordingly;b) the rev iew of reports submitted by the Contract ing

Governments of progress in the implementat ion of thisAgreement;

c) the consideration of problems requiring co-operation on aregional basis and of measures for mutual assis tance.

Convention on the International Maritime Organizat ion1948

Establishment of the Internat ional Maritime Organization (IMO)by the State Parties. Myanmar acceptance in 1951.

11


Appendices r 06/16

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ETTIRHM\"4 Description of the existing natural and social environment

It is important to note that several Environmental Baseline surveys (EBS) were conducted in the Yadanafield and SEIN field located at ~7 km to the southeast of the Badamyar field (and M6 Block), namely:

* November 1994 i EBS on the Yadana field including the first marine survey around Yadanaplatforms area and pipeline route (Iare &Fugro, 1995);

* December 2003 i EBS of SEIN field before construction of WP3 extension (Creocean, 2004a).EMS of Yadana field after Phase 1 of Yadana development (April 1997) (Creocean, 2004b);

* November 2010 i EMS of Yadana and SEIN fields revisiting some of the sampling stations thatwere surveyed in 2003 surveys (Sogreah Magelis, 2011);

* December 2013 i EMS of Badamyar development in Block M5 centred over the proposedWellhead Platform 4 (Fugro, 2013).

In particular, the EBS study carried out in 2013 by Fugro involved several in-situ physico-chemicalmeasurements and laboratory analyses. Biological and chemical analyses were also carried out on bothseawater (2 sampled stations) and sediment (10 sampled stations) located within the proposed well head,WP4 pipeline route and LCP-WP4 platforms locations. The study also provided a comparison of its resultsand the results from the previous environmental studies carried out in the Badamyar field mentionedabove.

These previous EBS surveys carried out in adjacent areas of the M6 Block were used as reference and/orR TOLYNP QZ] _ST^ ^_`Od' GZ NZX[WPXPY_ _SP^P ^_ OTP & _SP lAL]TYP XLXXLW ZM^P]aL_TZY ]P[Z]_m [P]QZ]XPOon the M5/M6 3AA-3CA during the 3D seismic survey has also been used to update the environmentalarea of the project and its surroundings.

Physical environment

Geology and geomorphology

The geology of the prospected area is characterized by silts and clays for upper layers due to theimportant sediment deposition coming from Irrawaddy River (e.g., annual load of about 265.106 metrictonnes of silty clay).

Contribution from the Irrawaddy River constitutes 86% of the central trough's sediment, the differencebeing foraminiferal carbonate. Areal patterns of sediment indicate that transport of Irrawaddy sedimentinto the basin is related to bottom topography.

In general, the sub-sea geology is simple and contains no major structural features, like faulting andanticline/syncline systems.

Results from the EBS report for the Badamyar development (Fugro, 2013) showed that in M5 Blocksediment appeared to get finer with depth; a common pattern caused by weaker currents in deeper watersallowing a higher proportion of fine-grained particles to settle out of suspension. Although the survey areawas dominated by fine-grained sediment, described as mud, one station located at 5 km north-west ofBlock M5 had a greater dominance of sand particles compared to the other mud dominated stations. It istherefore expected that the same type of sediment pattern from the adjacent Block M5 can be found onBlock M6 as well.

11


Appendices r 06/16

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In conclusion, both M5 and M6 blocks are located on the continental shelf with no specific anomaliesrecorded during previous Badamyar EBS. So, the vicinity of proposed exploration drilling wells has thesame geology and seabed features and properties.

Submarine topography

The seafloor topography around the project area is about 1.5-2°, dipping southeast. Frequent smalldewatering features/pockmarks are seen over the site. No sonar contact is visible, as well as noobstructions/geo-hazards are detected in the vicinity of the well.

In addition, the seabed morphology displays several active normal faults.

Biological environment

Marine mammals

GbZ XLUZ] R]Z`[^ ZQ XL]TYP XLXXLW^ ZNN ] TY AdLYXL]m^ bL_P] 4 YLXPWd ^T]PYTLY LYO NP_LNPLY^' GSPsirenians are represented by a single species, the dugong (Dugon dugon). The Cetaceans are organizedinto two groups - the ondotocetes or toothed whales, and the mysticetes, or the baleen whales:

* Toothed whales (Ondotocetes) include all whales that have teeth such as the killer whale, spermwhale and pilot whale and all dolphins and porpoises. In total, there are 73 species. The teeth inthese animals vary in shape and number.

* Baleen whales (Mysticetes) do not have teeth but baleen plates which are made from asubstance similar to keratin. These plates hang from the upper jaw and have frayed edges whichthe whale uses to sieve out plankton and fish after it has taken a mouthful of water.

A total of 29 marine mammal species have been recorded by the IUCN with different levels ofvulnerabil ity.

* 2 species are endangered (EN) facing very high risk of extinction in the wild: the Blue Whale(Balaenoptera musculus) and the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus);

* 4 species are classified as vulnerable (VU) facing high risk of extinction in the wild: the Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides), the Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaellabrevirostris), the Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and the Dugong (Dugong dugon). TheDugongs are rare and are mostly found west of the Irrawaddy Delta and further north of the maincoastline.

* 1 species is near threatened (NT): the Indo-pacific Hump-backed Dolphin (Sousa chinensis).

The marine mammal species typically found in Myanmar marine waters are listed in the table below withtheir corresponding IUCN protection status.

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Appendices r 06/16

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Marine reptiles

Marine turtles are one of the internationally listed aquatic endangered species for long term protection andconservation. Nesting of turtles is observed around the Andaman Sea, Gulf of Mottama (Gulf ofMattaban), Thamihla Island and Bay of Bengal. Currently in Myanmar, the Department of Fisheries hasrecorded at least 35 nesting sites in areas along the coastal region. Among those, six are closelyconserved through monitoring and surveillance of turtle landing sites, clutches and numbers of hatchlingsable to return to the sea.

The marine reptile species typically found in Myanmar marine waters are listed in the table below withtheir corresponding IUCN protection status.

Family Genus Species Common namesRed liststatus

Populationtrend

CHELONIIDAE Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle CR decreasing

CHELONIIDAE Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley VU decreasing

CHELONIIDAE Caretta caretta Loggerhead EN

CHELONIIDAE Chelonia mydas Green turtle EN decreasing

DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback CR decreasing

CROCODYLIDAE Crocodylus porosus Salt-water Crocodile LC

ACROCHORDIDAE Acrochordus granulatus Wart Snake LC stable

ELAPIDAE Astrotia stokesii Stokes' Sea Snake LC unknown

ELAPIDAE Enhydrina schistosa Beaked Sea Snake LC stable

ELAPIDAE Hydrophis ornatusOrnate Reef SeaSnake LC unknown

ELAPIDAE Hydrophis stricticollis Collared Sea Snake DD unknown

ELAPIDAE Lapemis curtus Shaw's Sea Snake LC unknown

ELAPIDAE Pelamis platura Pelagic Sea Snake LC stable

ELAPIDAE Thalassophina viperina Viperine Sea Snake LC unknown

HOMALOPSIDAE Bit ia hydroides The Bitia LC unknown

HOMALOPSIDAE Cerberus rynchops Asian Bockadam LC unknown

11


Appendices r 06/16

/ 8512268 / July 2016 237

Five species are commonly seen nesting regularly in Myanmar. They are olive ridley, loggerhead, green,hawksbill and leatherback turtles. However, loggerhead and leatherback turtles are assumed to be almostextinct.

The table below shows the geographical distribution of marine turtle species in Myanmar.

Distribution of marine turtles in Myanmar

Location/Habitat Leatherback Loggerhead Green Hawksbill Olive ridley

Source: Kyoto University Research Information Repository, 2012 Interaction between Fishing Activitiesand Marine Turtles in Myanmar, W IN / habitat: IUCN red List 2014

During the 3AA-3CA 3D seismic survey, a green turtle was sighted surfacing 200 m away from the vessel,and a single dead olive ridley turtle was encountered. Moreover, two unidentified turtle were also sighted200 m away from the vessel.

Fish

The endangered marine fish species typically found in Myanmar marine waters are listed in the tablebelow with their corresponding IUCN protection status.

Location

Rakhine * * * * *

Ayeyarwady * * * *

Yangon * * * *

Mon * *

Tanintharyi * * * *

Habitat

Marine * * * * *

Coastal * * * * *

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Coastal environment

Myanmar supports some of the most extensive and least disturbed coastal marine ecosystems inmainland Southeast Asia. An extensive coastline accommodates half a million hectares of brackish andfreshwater swampland that supports essential ecological functions and habitats as spawning, nursery andfeeding grounds for aquatic organism like fish, prawns and other aquatic fauna and flora of economicimportance (UNEP; MOECAF; GEF, 2011).

Irrawaddy River and Delta

The Irrawaddy River is located in regional Myanmar and originates from the confluence of the Mali andNmai Rivers. Both rivers find their sources in the Himalaya glaciers located north of Myanmar. Thecatchment area is located in the northern part of Myanmar and has an area of 404,100km2. The riveroriginates in the north-south trending Tebasserun-Shon fold belt. From its headwaters, the river flowsgenerally southwards for 1,295 km; near the town of Henzada it branches into several tributaries, formingan extensive delta and empties into the Andaman Sea.

The delta system of the Irrawaddy River extends in a great alluvial fan from the limit of tidal influence nearMyanaung (18°15'N) to the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, 290 km to the south. This alluvial plain isbounded to the west by the southern Arakan Yoma range and to the east by the Pegu Yoma. The city ofYangon, situated on the southernmost spur of the Pegu Yoma, lies at the SE edge of the delta. The entirearea is overlain by a thick layer of recent alluvium displaced by the Irrawaddy.

Three main types of soil have developed: meadow gley clay soils, meadow swampy soils and saline gleysoils. The flow in the Irrawaddy is at its lowest in February and March and there is a sharp rise in level inApril-May as a result of melting snow in the upper catchment, and a further steep rise in May-June withthe onset of the monsoon. The maximum flow occurs in July or August. Most waterways are natural watercourses, and there is no extensive system of dredged canals, the only major canal being the Twante canalwhich links Yangon with the western part of the delta.

The upper and central portions of the delta are almost entirely under cultivation, principally used for ricecrops. Until about 1850, much of this region comprised a complex of permanent and seasonal lakes,swamps and marshes, and vast areas of seasonally inundated plains and swamp forest. However,following the rush of settlers from Upper to Lower Burma in the late 19th Century, the construction ofembankments and reclamation of land for agriculture has kept pace with the increase in population. Thesystem of embankments provides a unique example of partial flood protection. The major dykes formhorseshoes around the areas between the main rivers, with the downstream ends left open. In the eventof extreme flooding, the lower parts act as flood basins, thus slightly reducing the flood peak. The oldembankments have been maintained, and projects are contemplated to extend the system even further.Despite these reclamation schemes, there stil l remain large tracts of land that are deeply flooded duringthe monsoon and retain water even during the dry season. In addition, there are numerous permanentoxbow lakes and associated marshes, particularly along the Irrawaddy between Myanaung and Henzada,along the Myitmaka, and along the upper Bassein and Daga rivers.

The lower third of the delta, stretching 130 km from east to west, is completely flat with no local relief.About 520,000 ha of land are below the high spring tide level and subject to tidal inundation. Much of thisarea is covered by mangrove forest, and cultivation is limited to the higher areas of ground. Sandy ridges,such as old beaches and sand banks, provide refuges for wildlife during the highest tides. Although themangrove vegetation has been exploited for a very long time, there are some relatively intact standsremaining. The area is dissected into a number of islands and peninsulas by a series of large, southerly

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flowing rivers and a complex of smaller, interconnecting water courses, all of which are at leastintermittently saline due to tidal intrusion.

Drainage is directly into the Bay of Bengal through nine major river mouths, the Bassein, Thetkethaung,Ywe, Pyamalaw, Irrawaddy, Bogale, Pyapon, China Bakir and Yagon. These rivers carry a heavy silt load,and their waters are very turbid. The delta is actively accreting seawards, and as a result the sea is veryshallow for some distance out to sea. Water depths are less than 5.5m across the whole coastline frontingthe delta and up to 28km offshore in the east. The present rate of advance of the delta is estimated at 5-6 km per 100 years, equivalent to about 1,000 ha per year. Several small islands, some of which arevisible only at low tide, have developed offshore.

The Irrawaddy Delta is one of the most densely populated parts in the country. Virtually all land notdesignated as Reserved Forest has been converted to intensive agriculture particularly for rice cultivation.Rivers are used for artisanal and commercial fishing.

The Irrawaddy is one of the most heavily silted rivers in the world, not only because of deforestation andsignificant erosion in the watershed, but also due to a long history of intensive agriculture along the riverbanks. Virtually all land outside the Reserved Forests has already been converted into agricultural land,and the mangrove forests within the Reserved Forests are now disappearing at a rapid rate. Large partsof the Kyagan Kwinbauk, Kakayen and Pyinland Reserved Forests have already been deforested andconverted into agricultural land.

The populations of Estuarine Crocodile Crocodylus porosus, sea turtles and River Terrapin Batagur baskahave been drastically reduced by commercial exploitation and are now seriously threatened. The crocodilepopulation continues to be exploited by the People's Pearl and Fisheries Corporation, which removed anaverage of 465 hatchlings per year during the period 1978-83 for rearing at a crocodile farm in Yangon.Other threats to the remaining crocodiles include habitat destruction, collection of eggs for food, hunting ofadults and juveniles, and entanglement in fishing nets. The number of sea-turtle eggs collected annually inthe Irrawaddy Delta declined from 1,500,000 in 1911 to an average of 400,000 during the period 1978/79to 1981/82. This decline in egg harvests has been reflected in a decline in adult turtles and theabandonment of some former nesting beaches. Mature turtles are taken by fishermen and caught bytrawlers in their nets throughout the delta, and Hawksbill Turtles Eretmochelys imbricata are hunted fortheir "tortoise shell". At the turn of the century, approximately 70,000 eggs of the River Terrapin Batagurbaska were collected annually in the delta. Although the species is now on the verge of extinction in thedelta, the adult terrapins and their eggs continue to be taken wherever they are found.

Coastal flora - Mangroves

With the exception of agriculture, mangrove ecosystems contribute to maintain biological resources whichare not only significant for the conservation of biological diversity but also of direct economic significanceto Myanmar.

Mangroves are found in all regions of Myanmar but the Irrawaddy delta area has the most extensivemangrove habitats in the country. Other mangrove habitats are found along the sheltered coasts in theRakhine and Tanintharyi regions. The original surface area covered by mangrove forest in Myanmar was320,106 ha in early 1900.

According to the National Report of Myanmar on Sustainable Management of the Bay of Bengal LargeMarine Ecosystem (2003), as many as 24 species of mangrove trees have been recorded along theMyanmar coastline. Species identified include Rhizophora, Sonneratia, Avicennia, Bruguiera and

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Xylocarpus spp which are dominant, the first one being used to call mangrove area i.e Rhizophora forest(Department of Fisheries Myanmar, 2003).

ALYR]ZaP^ LWZYR _SP AdLYXL]m^ NZL^_ are of great importance to the local population; they areparticularly used as a source of firewood and charcoal for cooking, wood for construction and fisheries.

Coastal flora i Seagrass

Seagrass are submerged flowering plants found mostly along the coastline. Healthy seagrass protect theshore, promote biodiversity, store carbon, cycle nutrients and help support numerous industries (e.g.fishing, tourism). Seagrass plays an important role in the life cycles of a number of important species inMyanmar, such as dugongs, marine turtles, etc. Seagrass occur generally in shallow water (as theyrequire light for photosynthesis) providing habitats and food for numerous species.

There is little information on the status of seagrass resources in Myanmar. Based on the data prepared bySoe-htun in 2001, Myanmar has nine species of seagrass belonging to five genera from two families.These are Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Halodule pinifolia, H. uninervis, Syringodium isotoefolium,Enhalus acoroides, Halophila beccarii, H. decipiens, H. ovalis. Among these species, Cymodocearotundata, C. serrulata and Enhalus acoroides are dominant in the seagrass beds (U. Soe-htun et al,2001).

However, these species are found mainly in the Rakhine and Tanintharyi coastal regions. No seagrassare present in the Irrawaddy Delta and Gulf of Martaban coastal region where water turbidity is very highbecause of the enormous sediment discharges from upstream watersheds (UNEP; MOECAF; GEF,2011).

Sensitive and Protected areas

Myanmar possesses significant levels of coastal biological diversity, such as:

* Marine biodiversity in the coastal areas;

* Coastal and inland mangroves;

* Tropical evergreen forests;

* Moist deciduous, dry deciduous forests.

With a coastline of 2,278 km, several large estuarine and delta systems, and numerous offshore islands,Myanmar possesses a considerable diversity of coastal wetland habitats, including coral reefs, sandybeaches and mudflats. Several major rivers including the Ganges in the north and Irrawaddy, Sittang andSalween in the Gulf of Martaban have created soft shores where mangroves develop extensively.

A protected area is an area of sea and/or land especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance ofbiological diversity and managed through legal or other effective means.

The main sensitive protected marine areas located in the proximity of the M5-M6 Block project area arepresented in the following sections.

) Meinmahla Kyun Island

An estuarine island in the delta of the Irrawaddy River, almost entirely comprised of alluvial deposits fromthe Bogale River. The island is flat, with low cliffs to the south and west dropping to a narrow sandybeach. Numerous creeks and channels intersect the island which also features sand dunes and mudflats.

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The sea throughout the entire area is highly turbid and very shallow, being no deeper than 5.5m up to28km offshore. The tidal range is 2.0-2.5 m. The Island is a wetland classified as a mangrove ecosystemreserve and wildlife sanctuary. The reserve is occupies an area of 52.79 square miles (~137 km²) and wasestablished in 1986.

An estimated 2,600 estuarine Crocodiles Crocodylus porosus inhabit the island, representing about two-thirds of the entire population in the eastern delta. Other wildlife includes Panthera tigris, P. pardus, Cuonalpinus, Lutra sp and Elephas maximus. The island is likely to be of considerable importance for bothresident and migratory waterfowl, but almost no information is available. Species observed on the Islandincude 250 Egretta spp and one Leptoptilos dubius in late 1982. It has a total of 29 mangrove tree species(Istituto OIKOS and BANCA, 2011).

Land use includes intensive fishing in the creeks but there is no resident population on the island, onlytemporary camps are established by fishermen. According to FAO, there is some illegal logging on theisland, and the waterways are heavily fished (Istituto OIKOS and BANCA, 2011).

) Kadonlay Kyun Island

Situated at ~10 km off the coast of the Irrawaddy Delta, opposite the mouth of the Bogale River, DeltaForest Division is a low, flat island, formed exclusively of silt deposits from the Bogale River. It comprisesgrassy areas and sand dunes bordered by broad sandy beaches and mudflats with some mangroveforest. The surrounding sea is very shallow, hampering access to the island.

The Island is an important nesting site for sea turtles, which lay approximately 1,000 nests each year.According to local information, the turtles are mostly Loggerheads (Careta careta), but considerableconfusion has arisen over identification, and it is now thought that the majority are Olive Ridleys(Lepidochelys olivacea). A few Green Turtles Chelonia mydas appear each year, and a singleLeatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) nests every two or three years. In addition, the island may stillsupport a very small number of River Terrapins Batagur baska. Some migratory shorebirds have alsobeen observed on the island in November/December. Sea turtle eggs are collected by the KadonkaniCooperative, which stations keepers on the island during the main turtle nesting season from Septemberto February. Otherwise the island is uninhabited and difficult to approach due to the extreme shallownessof the surrounding waters (Istituto OIKOS and BANCA, 2011).

Researchs performed in 1983 by Salters reported that an average of 122,000 turtle eggs was collectedeach year during the period 1978-82. Sustained harvesting of turtle eggs at this level has almost certainlybeen the main cause for the decline in the number of eggs available for collection, probably mirroring adecline in the number of breeding adult turtles. Fishing nets and baited lines also contribute to turtlemortality. Excessive harvesting of the eggs of the River Terrapin has resulted in the near extermination ofthe species (Istituto OIKOS and BANCA, 2011).

) Thamihla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary

Thamihla Kyun is a small, offshore island to the west of the Irrawaddy Delta, measuring about 1,100m by730m. The topography is undulating, with low cliffs to the south and west dropping to narrow, sandybeaches. Much of the island is pock-marked with bomb craters. With the exception of the north, the islandis surrounded by a rocky reef, about 270m in width, comprising sandstone and shale. There are threesmall freshwater reservoirs on the island, the largest covering approximately 0.6 ha.

Sandy beaches are backed by typical beach vegetation with Hibiscus sp, Terminalia catappa, Casuarinaequisetifolia and Cocos nucifera. The sheltered northern part of the island has good cover of Bombax

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malabaricum, Ficus spp. Lagerstroemia macrocarpa, Xylia dolabriformis, Terminalia belerica and Lanneagrandis. Evergreen shrubs and bamboo constitute a fairly dense understorey. The southern part of theisland is more exposed, and supports a poorer cover with patches of open grassland and bare rockinterspersed with evergreen thickets.

Formerly a major green and Olive Ridley turtle nesting site where an extension was recommended tocreate a marine reserve. Harvesting of sea turtle eggs and fishing are the main land use. There is noresident local population on the island. The People's Pearl and Fisheries Corporation maintains arepresentative and a small number of labourers, and a policeman and forest guard are resident. In 1983,there was a temporary military garrison on the island. The island has a sheltered anchorage of some 3-5min depth (Istituto OIKOS and BANCA, 2011).

Sea turtles are seriously threatened by the intensive egg-collecting and offshore trawling activities of thePeople's Pearl and Fisheries Corporation. Between 1.5 and two mill ion eggs were harvested annually atthe beginning of this century. By 1980, this harvest had fallen to an average of 150,000 eggs per year.The People's Pearl and Fisheries Corporation is still permitted to collect nearly all the turtle eggs, whilst itstrawling operations offshore are thought to be responsible for about 100 turtle deaths each year (IstitutoOIKOS and BANCA, 2011).

) Offshore Islands

The following offshore islands are the closest islands in terms of location with regards to the proposedexploration drilling project:

* Preparis Island is the nearest island located at ~125 km west of of the proposed exploration drill ingarea (14°52'28"N 93°37'36"E). It is an island of 7 km long and 1.8 km width covered with denseforest; Coral reef formations are known to exist around the island. The island makes up thenorthern end of the Andaman Islands chain.

* The Coco Islands are a pair of strategically important islands located in the eastern Indian Oceanand politically administered by Myanmar under Yangon Division. Geographically, they are part ofthe Andaman Islands archipelago and are separated from the North Andaman Island (India) by the20 km wide Coco Channel.

* GSP XLTY T WLYO& <]PL_ 7ZNZ > WLYO $*-f)0q))rB 2,f++q),r9%& T^ L[[]ZcTXL_PWd *) km long and2 km wide. Many green turtles nest on the beaches of the Great Coco Island. A series of researchprograms on marine turtle conservation have been conducted by Burma's Department ofFisheries. Data collection on tissue samples of green turtles for population genetic and taggingstudies was conducted at Great Coco Island from March to April 2006. Prior to this, Great CocoIsland had never been surveyed for marine turtle conservation by the Department of Fisheries dueto its remote location. The survey found an estimated 150 sea turtles nesting and between 90,000and 100,000 hatchlings and juveniles.

* Little Coco Island lies 15 km to the southwest from the Great Coco Island. It is approximately 5kmlong and 1km wide. It is located at more than 160km from the proposed exploration drilling area.

* Narcondam Island is a small (3 km*4 km) volcanic island located in the Andaman Sea. This islandis part of the Indian Union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is located at ~150 km southof the proposed exploration dril ling area.

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) International Protected Sites

The Ramsar Convention identified one site in Myanmar i Moyingyi wetland wildlife sanctuary in the Bagoregion. A state-owned area comprising floodplain and a storage reservoir that is important for floodcontrol. Originally constructed as a reservoir to provide water to the Bago-Sittaung canal (linking the Bagoand Sittaung rivers) for transport of timber by boat, the site now functions as a source of fresh water fordownstream areas where rice cultivation takes place. It floods in the wet season (May-October) and fromCN_ZMP] _Z AL]NS SZ _^ ZaP] +)&))) XTR]L_Z]d bL_P]MT]O ' GSP^P TYNW`OP _SP RWZMLWWd _S]PL_PYPO 6LP]m^Pochard Aythya baeri, Sarus Crane Grus antigone and Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, as well as>1% of the regional population of the Northern Pintail Anas acuta. The communities use the site forfishing, grazing, duck-rearing and some rice-growing; and there is a small tourist facility to accommodatebirdwatchers35. This site is not considered to be affected by the exploration drilling project.

Additionally, 57 Important Bird areas are identified in Myanmar from which the most relevant for the M6Block is considered to be the Ayeyarwady Delta (including Meinmahla Kyun Island). This area includes 4threatned species of birds (1 of leact concern - Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea, 2 vulnerable - LesserAdjutant Leptoptilos javanicus and Sarus Crane Antigone antigone and 1 critically endangered - Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea)36. This area is located at ~50 km of the project and can be potentiallyaffected by it.

) Indo-Burma Hotspot

The Indo-Burma Hotspot is a biodiversity hotspot which comprises all non-marine parts of Cambodia, LaoPDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, plus parts of southern China. With its high levels of plant andanimal endemism, and limited remaining natural habitat, Indo-Burma ranks among the top 10 biodiversityhotspots for irreplaceability and the top five for threat. Indo-Burma holds more people than any otherhotspot, and its remaining natural ecosystems, already greatly reduced in extent, are subject to intenseand growing pressure from habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, and over-exploitation of naturalresources (CEPF, October 2012).

Seabirds

The marine bird species typically found in Myanmar marine waters are listed in the table below with theircorresponding IUCN protection status.

35 http:/ /www.ramsar.org/wetland/myanmar

36 http:/ /www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=16306

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Marine IUCN threatened species

Order Family Genus Species Common name IUCN status

HYDROCHARITALESHYDROCHARITACEAE Halophila beccarii

Ocean Turf Grass,Species code: Hb VU

NAJADALES ZOSTERACEAE Zostera capensis Species code: Zp VU

LITTORINIMORPHA BITHYNIIDAE Gabbia alticola CR

RAJIFORMES MYLIOBATIDAE Aetobatus flagellumLongheaded EagleRay

EN

RAJIFORMES MYLIOBATIDAE Aetomy laeus vespertilioOrnate Eagle Ray,Reticulate EagleRay

EN

RAJIFORMES PRISTIDAE Anoxypristis cuspidataKnifetooth Sawfish,Narrow Sawfish,Pointed Sawfish

CR

RAJIFORMES RAJIDAE Dipturus crosnieri Madagascar Skate VU

RAJIFORMES RHINOBATIDAE Glaucostegus granulatusSharpnoseGuitarf ish VU

RAJIFORMES RHINOBATIDAE Glaucostegus thouin Clubnose Guitarf ish VU

RAJIFORMES RHINOBATIDAE Glaucostegus typus

CommonShovelnose Ray,Giant ShovelnoseRay

VU

RAJIFORMES NARKIDAE Heteronarce garmani Natal Electric Ray VU

RAJIFORMES DASYATIDAE Himantura uarnak

Reticulate Whipray,HoneycombStingray, LeopardStingray, MarbledStingray

VU

RAJIFORMES PRISTIDAE Prist is microdon

Largetooth Sawfish,Freshwater Sawfish,Leichhardt'sSawfish, SmalltoothSawfish

CR

RAJIFORMES PRISTIDAE Prist is pectinataSmalltooth,W ideSawfish CR

RAJIFORMES PRISTIDAE Prist is zijsron NarrowsnoutSawfish

CR

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RAJIFORMES RHINOBATIDAE Rhinobatos obtusus Widenose Guitarf ish VU

RAJIFORMES RHINOPTERIDAE Rhinoptera javanicaFlapnose Ray,Javanese CownoseRay

VU

RAJIFORMES RHYNCHOBATIDAE Rhynchobatus djiddens isGiant Guitarfish,WhitespottedWedgefish

VU

RAJIFORMES RAJIDAE Rostroraja albaBottlenose Skate,Spearnose Skate,White Skate

EN

RAJIFORMES DASYATIDAE Taeniura Meyeni+

Black-blotchedStingray, Black-spotted Stingray,Blotched FantailRay, FantailStingray, Giant ReefRay, RoundRibbontail Ray,Speckled Stingray

VU

ORECTOLOBIFORMESGINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE

Nebrius ferrugineus Tawny Nurse Shark VU

ORECTOLOBIFORMES STEGOSTOMIDAE Triakis fasciatumLeopard Shark,Zebra Shark VU

LAMNIFORMES ALOPIIDAE Alopias pelagicusPelagic Thresher,Thresher Shark,Whiptail Shark

VU

LAMNIFORMES ALOPIIDAE Alopias superciliosusBigeye ThresherShark VU

LAMNIFORMES ALOPIIDAE Alopias vulpinusCommon ThresherShark

VU

LAMNIFORMES ODONTASPIDIDAE Carcharias taurus

Sand T iger, GreyNurse Shark, GreyNurse Shark, SandTiger Shark, SpottedRagged-tooth Shark,SpottedRaggedtooth Shark

VU

LAMNIFORMES LAMNIDAE Carcharodon carcharias Great White Shark VU

LAMNIFORMES LAMNIDAE Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin Mako VU

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LAMNIFORMES LAMNIDAE Isurus paucus Longfin Mako VU

LAMNIFORMES LAMNIDAE Lamna nasus Porbeagle VU

SQUALIFORMES CENTROPHORIDAE Centrophorus granulosus Gulper Shark VU

SQUALIFORMES CENTROPHORIDAE Centrophorus squamosus

Deepwater SpinyDogf ish, LeafscaleGulper Shark,Nilson's DeepseaDogfish

VU

CARCHARHINIFORMES CARCHARHINIDAE Glyphis siamens is Irrawaddy RiverShark

CR

CARCHARHINIFORMES TRIAKIDAE Scylliogaleus queckettiFlapnoseHoundshark

VU

CARCHARHINIFORMES SPHYRNIDAE Sphyrna lewiniScallopedHammerhead EN

CARCHARHINIFORMES SPHYRNIDAE Sphyrna mokarran

Great Hammerhead,Hammerhead Shark,Squat-headedHammerhead Shark

EN

CARCHARHINIFORMES HEMIGALEIDAE Hemipristis elongata Fossil Shark,Snaggletooth Shark

VU

CARCHARHINIFORMES CARCHARHINIDAE Lamiopsis temmincki Broadfin Shark EN

CARCHARHINIFORMES CARCHARHINIDAE Negaprio acutidensSharptooth LemonShark VU

CARCHARHINIFORMES CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinus hemiodon Pondicherry Shark CR

CARCHARHINIFORMES CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinus leiodon

SmoothtoothBlacktip Shark,SmoothtoothBlacktip

VU

CARCHARHINIFORMES CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinus longimanus

Oceanic WhitetipShark, Whitet ipOceanic Shark,White-tipped Shark,Whitetip Shark

VU

CARCHARHINIFORMES CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky Shark VU

PERCIFORMES SCIAENIDAE Argyrosomus hololepidotusMadagascar Kob,Madagascar Meagre

EN

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PERCIFORMES SERRANIDAE Epinephelus marginatus Dusky Grouper EN

PERCIFORMES SERRANIDAE Epinephelus lanceolatus

Brindle Bass,Brindled Grouper,Giant Grouper,Queensland Groper

VU

SYNGNATHIFORMES SYNGNATHIDAE Hippocampus kuda

Common Seahorse,Estuary Seahorse,Spotted Seahorse,Yellow Seahorse

VU

TESTUDINES DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback,Leathery Turtle,Luth, TrunkbackTurtle

CR

TESTUDINES CHELONIIDAE Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle CR

TESTUDINES CHELONIIDAE Lepidochelys olivaceaOlive Ridley, Pac if icRidley

VU

PELECANIFORMES SULIDAE Morus capensis Cape Gannet VU

CETARTIODACTYLA BALAENOPTERIDAE Balaenoptera borealis

Sei Whale, CoalfishWhale, PollackWhale, Rudophi'sRorqual

EN

CETARTIODACTYLA BALAENOPTERIDAE Balaenoptera musculus

Blue W hale, PygmyBlue W hale,Sibbald's Rorqual,Sulphur-bottomWhale

EN

CETARTIODACTYLA BALAENOPTERIDAE Balaenoptera physalus

Fin Whale, CommonRorqual, Finback,Fin-backed Whale,Finner, HerringWhale, Razorback

EN

CETARTIODACTYLA PHOCOENIDAE Neophocaena phocaenoides

Finless Porpoise,Black FinlessPorpoise, FinlessBlack Porpoise

VU

CETARTIODACTYLA PHYSETERIDAE Physetermacrocephalus

Sperm Whale,Cachelot, PotWhale, SpermacetWhale

VU

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Socioeconomic environment

Administrative organization

The Union of Myanmar is administratively divided into seven states, seven regions (called divisions priorto 2010), six self-administered zones and one self-administered division. These administrations are eachheaded by a Chief Minister, appointed by the President of the Union and chosen among the region andstate Hluttaws (regional parliaments made up of elected civilian and representatives of the armed forces).The Chief Minister is assisted in his missions by a cabinet of ministers that he appoints himself, and that isresponsible for various sectorial policies at the regional level (such as forestry and mines, agriculture andlivestock, etc.).

States and regions are sub-divided into 67 districts and 325 townships, further divided into wards andvillage tracts (groups of vil lages). Districts and townships are headed by administrators appointed by thegovernment and coming from the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of HomeAffairs. Village tract administrators, who used to be centrally-appointed, are now directly elected bycitizens since the Ward and Village Tract Administration Law has been passed in 2012.

Fisheries sector

Myanmar has a coastline of 2,280 km, a marine area of 486,000 km2, and an inland water area totall ing124,280 km2. The potential for development of both inland and marine fisheries is therefore substantial.This sector already represents the fourth most important export earning sector and generates along withlivestock 9.9% of the GDP37. It employs almost 8 million people, a third of them active fishermen38, whichrepresents 15% of the total country population. Moreover, as in many Asian countries, fish and otherproducts are important for the Myanmar diet. In 2002, per capita consumption of fish amounted to21kg/year and constituted 60 to 70% of the total protein intake for the population39.

Offshore Oil and Gas Operation

Myanmar offshore oil and gas resource^ ]P[]P^PY_ LY TX[Z]_LY_ [Z_PY_TLW ZQ R]Zb_S QZ] _SP NZ`Y_]dmêconomy, attracting interest from the national and international oil and gas industry. In 2012, 34% of theForeign Direct Investments in the country were directed at oil and gas exploration and production40.

>Y L XZaP _Z MZZ^_ _ST^ ^PN_Z]& _SP ATYT^_]d ZQ 9YP]Rd ]PNPY_Wd NZYNWÒPO _SP jAdLYXL] CQQ^SZ]P 6WZNV6TOOTYR EZ`YO +)*,k& LbL]OTYR +) ZQQ SZ]P MWZNV^ _Z TY_P]YL_TZYLW NZX[LYTP^41. Ten deep-water blocksand ten shallow-water blocks located in the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal were attributed to oilmajors and independent companies, such as Statoil, Eni, Shell, Total, ConocoPhillips, BG Group, andWoodside Energy.

37 According to the Institute of Marine Research f igures, available at[http://www.imr.no/forskning/utviklingssamarbeid/surveys/myanmar_2013/en]

38 Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem i BOBLME

39 Pe Myint, National Report of Myanmar on the Sustainable Management of The Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem,BOBLME, GCP/RAS/179/WBG, 2004

40John Buchanan, Tom Kramer, Kevin Woods, Developing Disparity - M\ `feXc Eem\jkd\ek è >lidXtj >fi[\icXe[j,

Transnational Ins titute (TNI), Burma Center Netherlands (BCN), Amsterdam, February 2013

41 Offshore Energy Today, Myanmar awards new offshore blocks, March 26, 2014.

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Block M5-M6 Carbonate exploration drilling campaign · MYANMAR Block M5-M6 Carbonate exploration...

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