Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217...
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![Page 1: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back
table.
Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential of Hydrogen”).
In your packet, read over the Acids and Bases Notes Worksheet and answer the questions at the bottom.
Pick up a lab answer sheet and put your name on it when finished. Then read over the lab instructions (green) at your table.
![Page 2: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acids & BasesThey are everywhere..
In your foodIn your house
EVEN IN YOU!!!!!
![Page 3: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is an acid? An acid is a solution that has an
excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.
![Page 4: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Properties of an Acid
Tastes Sour Conduct Electricity Corrosive, which means
they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin,and paper
Some acids react strongly with metals
Turns blue litmus paper red
Picture from BBC Revision Bites http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/acids_bases_1.shtml
![Page 5: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Uses of Acids
Acetic Acid = Vinegar Citric Acid = lemons, limes,
& oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch.
Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function.
Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics.
Car batteries
![Page 6: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is a base?
A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions.
Another word for base is alkali.
Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions
![Page 7: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Properties of a Base
Feel Slippery Taste Bitter Corrosive Can conduct electricity.
(Think alkaline batteries.) Do not react with metals. Turns red litmus paper
blue.
![Page 8: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Uses of Bases Bases give soaps, ammonia,
and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties.
The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease.
Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases.
Your blood is a basic solution.
![Page 9: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
pH Scale
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
Acidic solutions have pH values below 7
A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.• Pure water has a pH of 7.
• Basic solutions have pH values above 7.
![Page 10: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
pH Scale
• A change of 1 pH unit represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution.
• For example, if one solution has a pH of 1 and a second solution has a pH of 2, the first solution is not twice as acidic as the second—it is ten times more acidic.
![Page 11: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Acid – Base Reactions
A reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization. An acid-base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions.
![Page 12: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Acid – Base reactions
Each salt listed in this table can be formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.
![Page 13: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335
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Indicator
A substance or instrument that indicates if a substance is an acid, base or neutral.
Look at the list of indicators in your packet.
![Page 15: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reactions with indicators
Indicator Acid color
Neutral color
Base color
Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink
Bromthymol blue
Yellow Green Blue
Litmus Red ----- Blue
![Page 16: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
pH paper
pH paper changes color to indicate a specific pH value.
![Page 17: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Acids and Bases in Solution HCl + H20 H3O + + Cl- (more
hydronium ions, more acidic) NaOH in water Na+ + OH- (more hydroxide
ions, more basic) NaOH + HCl NaCl + HOH Acid + Base
yields type of salt and water NH3 + H20 NH4
+ + OH- ammonia gas + water yields ammonium and hydroxide ions
![Page 18: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Situations in which pH is controlled
“Heartburn” Planting vegetables and flowers Fish Tanks and Ponds Blood Swimming pools
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Acid Rain
Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids.
.
![Page 20: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Rapid changes in pH can kill fish and other organisms in lakes and streams.
Soil pH is affected and can kill plants and create sinkholes
![Page 21: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What is a SALT? A salt is a neutral substance produced from the
reaction of an acid and a base. Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the
positive ion of a base. One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4
![Page 25: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Neutralization Reaction
A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water.
Example
H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O
![Page 26: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Digestion and pH
Digestion-process by which foods are broken down into simpler substances.
Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth)
Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. (stomach and small intestines)
![Page 27: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
pH in the Digestive System
Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars.
Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin.
Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them
![Page 28: Block Day Stack your FCAT Website Review Packet on the back table. Read and complete pages 214-217 in your textbook on Acids, Bases and pH (the “potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e165503460f94b00bb8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
Digestive system
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To Do:
Complete the lab.
When finished, read and complete Chapters 5-7 in textbook.