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University of Alberta

BLAW 628

Units 9 and 10

November 20, 2014

1. Forest TenureBy the NRTA, 1930, Canada transferred public lands includin ti!ber located on pro"incialCro#n $ands, to Alberta. TheForests Actallo#s the riht to har"est Cro#n ti!ber to co!paniesand indi"iduals throuh "arious for!s of tenure. These are area based tenures by #hich thetenure holder has the riht to har"est a specified "olu!e of ti!ber fro! a specified area or allti!ber in that area % e.. Forest &anae!ent Aree!ents.

There are "olu!e based tenures by #hich the tenure holder has the riht to a percentae ofAnnual Allo#able Cut 'AAC( !easured in ti!ber "olu!e in a specified area or a specified"olu!e in a specified area % e.. Ti!ber )uotas or ti!ber per!its.

There are*

1( Forest &anae!ent Aree!ents+( Ti!ber uotas % issued a Ti!ber uota $icence*

'a( Coniferous Ti!ber uotas'b( -eciduous Ti!ber Allocation

3( Ti!ber er!its % issued Ti!ber er!its*'a( Co!!ercial Ti!ber er!its'b( Co!!unity Ti!ber rora!'c( Co!!unity Ti!ber er!its

'd( $ocal Ti!ber er!its'e( Forest roduct Tas

Forest &anae!ent Aree!ents*There are +0 F&As includin 3 /oint F&As. Areas co"er 2!+to ,1+0 2!+. F&A holders!anae the forest for perpetual sustained yield. They !ust also consider social, econo!ic anden"iron!ental factors and ta2e on a reater responsibility for forest !anae!ent consistent #ithsustainable resource de"elop!ent. There is an opportunity for public consultation durinde"elop!ent of a Forest &anae!ent lan 'F&s(. They are responsible for reforestation.F&s operational co!ponents are prepared for a10year ter! and sho# e4tent and si5e of area,specific stands identified for har"est and intended reforestation treat!ents. 6a"e rihts to

standin ti!ber. +0 years, rene#able e"ery 10 years. 7btained by Re)uest for roposal 'RF(.

Ti!ber uotas*Coniferous Ti!ber uota and -eciduous Ti!ber uota. 8olu!e for for!er, area or "olu!e forlatter. i!ilar but not identical. By auction, tender or direct sale. Rihts to har"ested ti!ber. +0years, rene#able. Reforest, or if s!all "olu!e can opt to pay a chare for reforestation.

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Ti!ber er!its*'a( Co!!ercial Ti!ber er!its. :enerally to years. By "olu!e. :enerally under,000 !3. By auction, tender or direct sale. Rihts to har"ested ti!ber. No rene#als.'b( $ocal Ti!ber er!it % to one year. To 0 !3.'c( Forest roducts Ta % to 30 days. To 3. Rihts to har"ested ti!ber. No rene#al.

+. Treaty &a2in and ;!ple!entation that see2s to li!it

Canada?s obliation to a best effort to obtain pro"incial co!pliance.

3. Cli!ate Chane %Te4tboo2 pp. @099, specifically pp. @.

pp. 39@1.'a( Rio Conference'b( yoto rotocol 199@

Canada areed to reduce reenhouse ases by D fro! 1990 le"els by +01+. Canadaratified the rotocol in 199@. En"iron!ent &inister eter ent #ithdre# fro! therotocol in -ece!ber +011 't#o hours after arri"in fro!

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scale of i!pact on pro"incial /urisdiction that is reconcileable #ith the funda!entaldistribution of po#er under the Constitution.>

ee case, para. 33*1. The national concern doctrine is separate and distinct fro! the national

e!erency doctrine of the peace, order and ood o"ern!ent po#er, #hich ischiefly distinuishable by the fact that it pro"ides a constitutional basis for #hat isnecessarily !atters of national concernI

+. The national concern doctrine applies to both ne# !atters #hich did not e4ist atConfederation and to !atters #hich, althouh oriinally !atters of a local orpri"ate nature in a pro"ince, ha"e since, in the absence of national e!erency,beco!e !atters of national concernI

3. For a !atter to )ualify as a !atters of national concern in either sense it !ustha"e a sinleness, distincti"eness and indi"isibility that clearly distinuishes itfro! !atters of pro"incial concern and a scale of i!pact on pro"incial /urisdictionthat is reconcileable #ith the funda!ental distribution of leislati"e po#er under

the ConstitutionI. ;n deter!inin #hether a !atter has attained the re)uired deree of sinleness,distincti"eness and indi"isibility that clearly distinuishes it fro! !atters ofpro"incial concern, it is rele"ant to consider #hat #ould be the effect on e4trapro"incial interests of a pro"incial failure to deal effecti"ely #ith the control orreulation of the intrapro"incial aspects of the !atter.

'b( Cri!inal la# po#eree Canada 'A.:.( ". 6ydro uebec, J199@K 3 .C.R. +13. To4ic substancepro"isions of CEA upheld on basis of federal po#er o"er co!!ercial la#.

'c( Federal pendin o#er % -escribed by Canada as*=Constitutionally, ho#e"er, the ter! =spendin po#er> has co!e to ha"e aspeciali5ed !eanin in Canada* it !eans the po#er of arlia!ent to !a2e pay!entsto people or institutions or o"ern!ents for the purposes on #hich it Jarlia!entKdoes not necessarily ha"e the po#er to leislate.>

;t is not e4plicit in the Constitution Act, 1867, but !ust deri"e fro! the po#er to le"yta4es 's. 91'3((, to leislate in relation to public property 's. 91'1('a(( and toappropriate federal funds 's. 19(.

ee also Ginterha"en tables $td. 8. Canada '19(, 3 -.$.R. 'th( 13.

'd( ee also local #or2s and underta2ins 's. 9+'10((, property and ci"il rihts in thepro"ince 's. 9+'13((, !atters of a local or pri"ate nature in the pro"ince 's. 9+'1((and s. 9+A reardin natural resources.

'e( ee also federal Trade and Co!!erce po#er. A sche!e for reulation ofinternational or interpro"incial trade is in e4clusi"e federal /urisdiction 'Caloil ;nc. ".Canada J19@1K .C.R. 3(.

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