welcome

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- By Pratikshya Nepal

BLACK RICE- A SUPER FOOD

Commentator:

Prof. Pashupati MishraConvenor:

Mr. Yadav K.C.

Introduction Objectives Literature Review Material and methods Conclusion

Table of contentsBLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

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FOOD:• According to Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary: Food is

any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or that plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth.

• Comprises of nourishing and nutritive components: carbohdrates, fats, proteins, essential nutrients and vitamins.

• Has a defined effect on a person’s physical, mental, or physiological well-being, as well as in people’s metabolism and immune systems, protecting them from disease.

INTRODUCTION

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SUPER FOOD

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• A Non- Medical term popularised in media describing the foods with highly benificial composition.

• No any legal or official definition.

• comprises of extraordinary nutritional potency and health benefits, beyond normal food.

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Seed of Oryza sativa Linne (Gramineae), and is a type of ancient rice.

medium grained glutinous whole grain rice with sweet and nutty flavor and good aroma.

Also known as the ‘forbidden rice’ or ‘Emperror’s rice’ Unpolished black rice has a hard surface and a white

inner area. Loaded with antioxidants,Vitamins, Fiber, and valuable

anti-inflammatory properties.

BLACK RICE

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Profound amount of phytochemicals: polyphenols, antioxidants, mainly anthocyanin, which are located in the inner portion of the rice bran.

Has distinct black colour, which actually turns deep purple when cooked.

Consequential health benefits of black rice, aside from its calorific and nutritional value makes it enlisted as a super food.

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To introduce black rice as a super food. To specify the nutrient profile of black rice. To present an overview on health benefits of

black rice. To highlight about the black rice production in

Nepal.

OBJECTIVES

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Rice

History of Black Rice

Nutrients profile of Black Rice

Health benefits of Black Rice

Other uses of Black Rice

Black Rice in Nepal

LITERATURE REVIEWBLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

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RICEBLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

A monocot seed of grass species Oryza sativa(Asian) and Oryza glaberrima (african)

A cereal grain, most widely consumed as staple food for more than 50% of the world's human population, especially in Asia.

The agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize.

In Nepal, contributes nearly 20% to the Agricultural Gross Domestic Product (AGDP) and provides more than 50 % of the total calorie requirement of the Nepalese people.

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Complex carbohydrate that supplies energy, fiber, essential vitamins and minerals and beneficial antioxidants.

Rice grain consists of: Hull, Bran , Germ and Endosperm

Contd..

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Varieties of rice

Basis of classification Varieties Description

Length and shape

Long grain rice

Medium grain rice

Short grain rice

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Short grain rice

Texture : Sticky rice:

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Basis of classification varieties Description

Texture

• Sticky

• Parboiled

Aroma

• Basmati

•Jasmine

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Basis of classification varieties Description

Colour

Non-pigmented:• Polished rice

• Brown rice

Pigmented:• Red rice

• Black rice

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Originated in china during ancient times, about 3 centuries ago.

Considered as ‘luck-success rice’ during Han period of China.

Known as Forbidden rice, Black tribute rice or Emperor’s rice.

Reserved by the Emperors for their own consumption. Considered as ‘hematopoietic rice’ and ‘Medical rice’ in the

Ming period. Used as blood-tonifying purple rice porridge.

Contd..

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

History of Black Rice

Contains over a dozen of minerals, abundant vitamins(mainly vitamin B) and at least 17 amino acids with high amount of antioxidants. Basic components include:Anti-oxidants :

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Nutrients profile of Black riceBLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Fat soluble

Water soluble

Vitamin E:Tocopherols,Tocotrienols γ-oryzanol Proanthocyanidins Carotenoids: B-carotene, zeaxanthin

Lutein

AnthocyaninsFlavanolsPhenolic acidPhytic acid

Saturated fatty acids: Palmitic acid Stearic acid

Unsaturated fatty acids: Mono unsaturated: Oleic acid. Poly unsaturated: Linoleic acid.

FibreIron Protein and amino acidsVitamin B, Phosphorus, zinc and other minerals

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Nutrients content (/100g)

Black rice White rice Brown rice

Carbohydrate(g) 76.17 79.3 76.2Fat(g) 2.68 0.6 2.7Protein(g) 8.5 6.8 7.9Fibre(g) 3.4 0.6 2.8Iron(mg) 3.5 0.53 1.8

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Comparison with white rice and brown rice

Sources: (Blackrice.com; Nutritiondata.com)

White rice is devoid of bran layer, rich in vitamins, fibre, minerals and antioxidants.Black rice serves with nutrient level similar to the brown rice, with extra essential amino acids and mainly antioxidants.

Antioxidants(/g)

Black rice White rice Brown rice

Anthocyanins 3.5mg nil nilFlavanols 0.5mg 21µg 24µgγ-oryzonals* 0.8mg 8.2µg 12.3µgCarotenoids 6.5µg - -Tocopherols* 21.5µg - 1.7µgTocotrienols 0.06mg nil nil

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Comparision in terms of antioxidantsContd..

Source: *(Mayer, 2014) (Caro et al., 2013)

Black rice competes with the antioxidant potency of fresh fruits.

Antioxidant content in black rice is aproximately six times higher than that of brown rice/white rice, mainly anthocyanins.

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Nourishes kidney yin, strengthens spleen system and warms liver system.

‘One spoonful of black-rice bran --or 10 spoonfuls of cooked black rice -- contains the same amount of anthocyanin as a spoonful of fresh blueberries, yet, black rice offers more fibre and vitamin E antioxidants, but less sugar.’

Protects heart health

Helps detoxify the body

A naturally gluten free grain

Aids in satiety and weight management

Beneficial in Iron Replacement Therapy

Keeps away from cancer

Anti- diabetic and Anti-inflammatic

Good for skin, hair and eyes

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Black rice sap incorporated in anti-aging, anti-wrinkle formation and skin-whitening cosmetics in China.Used in edible vinegar and alcohol production.Used in making various gluten-free products : cakes, cookies , tortillas, noodles, muffins, etcServed as dessert in various restaurants- nutty flavour and sweet taste. Used as functional food colorant and can be used in various dye products.Boosts the health value of breakfast, cereals and beverages.

Other uses of Black rice

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Dr. Giri Raj Tripathi, Associate professor at Central Dept. of Biotechnology, TU initiated the experiment on black rice in 2008.

In 2013, It was revealed that ‘G-60’ variety of black rice is most suitable for the cultivation, generally at 1000-2000 altitude.

Dwarf- nature and high amount of anthocyanins of the variety makes it favourable against winds and pest infestation (Suitable in Nepal)

Commercial cultivation has been started in various places in Kathmandu vallley: Sankhu, Tokha, Bungmati, Bhaktapur as well as in Bhakundebesi, Kavre.

Black rice in Nepal

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

‘G-60’ black rice has a shorter life-span(110 days) than that of common paddy, but with relatively lower productivity.

Price of black rice in the Nepalese market is Rs.500/kg ; whereas the cost of production is same as that for the common paddy.

For a developing nation like ours, cultivation of black rice can provide dual benefit of health and economy.

Recommended to take with white rice in the ratio of 1:9 (per serving)

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Commercial plantation of ‘G-60’ black rice in Bungmati, Kathmandu

27The ‘G-60’black rice of Nepal is now going Organic!

Raw materials and sources:The samples of ‘G-60’ black rice will be brought from Kathmandu and that of other common varieties of rice (White/Brown) from the local market.

Methodology: Physical Analysis: Determination of l/b ratio, bulk density,

Thousand kernel weight and the cooking quality.Chemical Analysis: Determination Total sugar , array of amino

acids and proximate analysis of the samples.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

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BLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

Black rice is a carbohydrates-rich mini packet loaded with abundant proportion of antioxidants, fibre, vitamins and minerals.

Despite of being hidden for many centuries, black rice is now unleashed, revealing its real colours when it comes to treating and preventing life- threatening diseases such as cancer, diabetes, dermatitis, asthma, etc.

Thus, it is not just a food-but a super food.

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CONCLUSIONBLACK RICE- A SUPERFOOD

For a developing country like ours, black rice production and consumption can uplift both economic status as well as the overall health concerns.

Our present method of black rice processing is very manual which is tedious and reduces the quality of rice.

Due to lack of suitable black rice thresher machine and suitable rice mill, physical quality of the rice is very poor and need to be upgraded for market purpose.

Introduction of better post-harvest technologies is a must for upliftment of trade in black rice cultivation and production in Nepal.

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