Black Freemasons Secret society that many founding fathers were

members of. Major American and European movement.

One of the few organizations that admitted black members.

Rejected membership in Boston due to race, although he was a Patriot.

In 1775 was granted a license from a British lodge to create African Lodge No. 1.

Prince Hall Masons Post War for Independence, American masonry

refused to grant the African Lodge full membership.

Origins of IndependentBlack Churches Biracial churches - Never embraced

African Americans as equals• Subordinate churches

Independent churches Philadelphia between 1780s and early

1800s Episcopalian and Methodist

The First Black Schools Early 1700s

– Slave and free children– North and South– Ran by white clergy

After Revolution– Black people established schools for black children– Produced a growing class of literate African

Americans

Migration Prince Hall Colonization – Africans migrating back to

Africa Petitioned Massachusetts legislature to support colony

– supported move to Sierra Leone and Liberia.

Paul Cuffe and colonization End the Atlantic slave trade by migration Spread Christianity Refuge for free black people Make profits

Slave Uprisings

Gabriel’s conspiracy, 1800

American and French Revolution influenced

Natural human rights Frightened white southerners Plan for revolt in Va. With white support Two slaves told the authorities of the plan. October Gabriel and 25 others were captured and

hanged. Raised hope for freedom among slaves

The White Southern Response

Legacy of slave uprisings Deepened reactions against equality Feared race war that emancipation would cause Southern states tightened control on black population Outlawed assemblies Placed curfew on slaves and free blacks Made manumissions more difficult Revived slave patrols Became suspicious of outsiders Forcing free black people out of southern states

War of 1812

1806 -British troops capture Americans and force them to serve in navy.

America tried to invade and take over Canada – resisted by the British and American Indians

British troops tried and failed to capture New Orleans and Baltimore.

War of 1812

1814 – British troops invade Washington and burn the capitol and Presidents building.

Frances Scott Key – National Anthem

The War of 1812 White prejudice and fear of black revolts Militia Act of 1792 Eliminated armed black participation in state militias Navy ended black service on warships, 1798 Southern states refused to enlist blacks in 1812 Concerned black men with guns would aid slave revolt Battle of New Orleans – took place a month after the

peace treaty had been negotiated.

Missouri Statehood Missouri applies for statehood, 1819 Eleven free and Eleven slave states Tallmadge Amendment accepted in

house, rejected in senate Proposed gradual emancipation, age 25 African-American crowd galleries to

hear debates Southern threats of secession

The Missouri Compromise Compromise to keep political balance Northern states afraid of southern majority

in congress Henry Clay – the Great Compromiser Missouri enters US as a slave state Maine separates from Mass. Enters as a

free state. Slavery banned north of 36º30´, allowed to

the south

Missouri Compromise

Cool Down

What effect do you think the 36º30´ line created by the Mo. Compromise had on North and South relations?