Black Civil Rights1954-1970

Black Civil Rights1954-1970

IntroductionIntroduction

BackgroundBackground

• In 1619, nineteen Blacks stepped ashore at Jamestown, Virginia. During the next 250 years, some 15 million black slaves arrived in the new world.

• [Derogatory terms for Blacks diagram]

• In 1619, nineteen Blacks stepped ashore at Jamestown, Virginia. During the next 250 years, some 15 million black slaves arrived in the new world.

• [Derogatory terms for Blacks diagram]

Timeline to 1930sTimeline to 1930sLegalised slavery1619-1860s

Civil War between North and South 1860s

Slaves freed 1863 Emancipation Proclamation

‘Jim Crow’ segregation in South

1900-1930s: massive black migration to the North

Background continued…Background continued…• Pre 1860 – Legalised Slavery

– Southern economies based on crops that needed labour, tobacco, rice and cotton

– Black slaves sold to the slave markets in America to plantation owners

– 1860 civil war – North vs. South, slavery an issue

• 1860-1865 Civil War– Victory for the North– 1862 President Abraham Lincoln issued the

Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves from the start of 1863

• Pre 1860 – Legalised Slavery– Southern economies based on crops that needed

labour, tobacco, rice and cotton– Black slaves sold to the slave markets in America to

plantation owners– 1860 civil war – North vs. South, slavery an issue

• 1860-1865 Civil War– Victory for the North– 1862 President Abraham Lincoln issued the

Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves from the start of 1863

• 1865-1877 Reconstruction– In South, Negroes kept in their place of

subordination by ‘Black Codes’– 1867 Congress gave Blacks the right to vote

and be elected to public office– Blacks who tried this were terrorised by

groups including KKK

• 1877-1900 ‘Jim Crow’ segregation– 1900, 90% of Blacks lived in Southern states,

segregation by Jim Crow laws included:• Segregation of toilets, trains, buses, hotels,

telephone booths, jails, hospitals, places of work, schools, cinemas etc… (continued well into 1960s)

• 1865-1877 Reconstruction– In South, Negroes kept in their place of

subordination by ‘Black Codes’– 1867 Congress gave Blacks the right to vote

and be elected to public office– Blacks who tried this were terrorised by

groups including KKK

• 1877-1900 ‘Jim Crow’ segregation– 1900, 90% of Blacks lived in Southern states,

segregation by Jim Crow laws included:• Segregation of toilets, trains, buses, hotels,

telephone booths, jails, hospitals, places of work, schools, cinemas etc… (continued well into 1960s)

• 1900-1930 Migration to North– Industrial employment in North – flow occurred with Blacks moving

to North. White people in North had to get used to living next to Blacks

– North still had patterned discrimination– Discrimination included:

• Black housing (ghettos), blacks tended to be unskilled labourers, many Northern College barred Blacks

• 1930-1954 Discrimination Challenged– 1909 NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of

Colored People)– Harlem renaissance, Black writers– WWII changed situation – demand for workers and soldiers– 1941 Fair Employment Practices Commission (no discrimination)– Blacks put into Marine Corps– 1947 President Truman set up a committee on civil rights– 1950-53 Army desegregated

• 1900-1930 Migration to North– Industrial employment in North – flow occurred with Blacks moving

to North. White people in North had to get used to living next to Blacks

– North still had patterned discrimination– Discrimination included:

• Black housing (ghettos), blacks tended to be unskilled labourers, many Northern College barred Blacks

• 1930-1954 Discrimination Challenged– 1909 NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of

Colored People)– Harlem renaissance, Black writers– WWII changed situation – demand for workers and soldiers– 1941 Fair Employment Practices Commission (no discrimination)– Blacks put into Marine Corps– 1947 President Truman set up a committee on civil rights– 1950-53 Army desegregated