Black Box Testing

Testing Implementasi Sistem

Pertemuan 3

Oleh :Rifiana Arief, SKom, MMSI

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Outline

• Black Testing Definition• Advantages and Disadvantages Black Box testing• Black Box Testing Type• Test case Design methods

What is Black-Box testing ?

● Testing without having an insight into the details of underlying code

input outputUnit

● Testing based on specification

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What is Black-Box testing ?

● Advantages● no need for source code● can be used for unit as well as system-level testing

●Disadvantages● don't test hidden functions

●Approaches:● Error guessing● Equivalence Partitioning● Boundary Value Analysis● Decision tables● Cause-Effect Graphing● Tests derived from functional requirements (e.g. use cases)

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Type of Black-Box testing ?

●Security Testing●Networks●Access right

●Type of Users

●Performance Testing●Load testing●Stress |Testing

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Type of Black-Box testing ?

● Usability Testing● User interface testing● Manual support Testing● Spell Checking

● Functionality Testing● Configuration Testing● Compatibility Testing● Functional Testing

● What Client wants● Installation Testing ● Input domain Testing

● Boundary Values● Equivalence Class partition 6

1. Equivalence Partitioning

2. Boundary Value Analysis

3. Error Guessing

Test case Design methods

• Equivalence class is a subset of data that is representative of a larger class• Divide input domain into equivalence classes • Attempt to cover classes of errors • One test case per equivalence class, to

reduce total number of test cases needed

InputInputDomainDomain

Equivalence partitioning

A program which accepts credit limits with a given range Say,

$10,000 – $15,000

This would have three equivalence classes:-

1. Less than $10,000 (Invalid)

2. Between $10,000 and $15,000 (Valid)3. Greater than $15,000 (Invalid)

Example

Less than 10,000 Between 10 and 15 More than 15,000

9800 12500 18000

Equivalence Partitions

• Complements equivalence partitioning , selects the test cases at the “edge” of equivalence classes.

• In practice, more errors found at boundaries of equivalence classes than within the classes

• Divide input domain into equivalence classes

A technique that consists of developing test cases and data that focus on the input and output boundaries of a given function

Boundary Value Analysis

In the same credit limit example: the boundary analysis would test

1. low boundary plus or minus one ($ 9,999 and $10,001)

2. On the boundary ($10,000 and $15000)

3. Upper boundary plus or minus one ($14999 and $15001)

Example

1. Value immediately below range 2. First value of range 3. Second value of range 4. Value immediately below last value of range 5. Last value of range

6. Value immediately above range

Range of Boundary Values

Based on the theory that test cases can be

developed based upon the intuition and

experience of the Test Engineer.

In an example where one of the inputs

is the date and the Test Engineer

may try February 29, 2000 or 9/9/9999

Error Guessing

Metode Pengujian Black Box• Metode ujicoba blackbox memfokuskan pada keperluan fungsional dari

software. • Karna itu ujicoba blackbox memungkinkan pengembang software untuk

membuat himpunan kondisi input yang akan menguji seluruh syarat-syarat fungsional suatu program.

• Ujicoba blackbox bukan merupakan alternatif dari ujicoba whitebox, tetapi merupakan pendekatan yang melengkapi untuk menemukan kesalahan lainnya, selain menggunakan metode whitebox.

• Tidak seperti metode whitebox yang dilaksanakan diawal proses, ujicoba blackbox diaplikasikan dibeberapa tahapan berikutnya. Karena ujicoba blackbox dengan sengaja mengabaikan struktur kontrol, sehingga perhatiannya difokuskan pada informasi domain.

Ujicoba blackbox berusaha untuk menemukan kategori kesalahan :

• Fungsi-fungsi yang salah atau hilang• Kesalahan interface• Kesalahan dalam struktur data atau akses

database eksternal• Kesalahan performa• Kesalahan inisialisasi dan terminasi