Nova runda i Društvo prijatelja UK

Britansko pivarstvo i britanski stilovi - Bitter i Porter

Brief history of brewing in UK

• 4500 BC – First traces of beer in UK• 43 AD – Romans like beer!!!!• 500 AD - Anglo-Saxons came to Great Britain• 1200 – Polluted water• 1400 – Brewing with hops in GB• 1718 – Porter• 1790 – IPA• 1839 – “Bitter rail”

Beer

• Malt/Slad• Yeast/kvasac• Hops/hmelj• Ale (top fermented), Lager (bottom

fermented) = Beer

Brewing

Cask ale

It was this day a twelvemonth since we left England, in consequence of which a peice [sic]

of cheshire cheese was taken from a locker where it had been reservd for this occasion

and a cask of Porter tappd which provd excellently good, so that we livd like English

men and drank the hea[l]ths of our freinds in England.

The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks, August 25 1769

First version of Porter

• Need for a hoppy beer in London• First written mention 1760 – Obadiah

Poundage (English brewer since 1690)• Entire (4 mashings) – developed 1718• Butts (longer maturing)• Very dry brown malt (smoked with wooden

branches - cheaper) – 100% of grist• Beer, Mild, Stale

Size of cacks

Myth: Mr. Ralph Harwood

-3 kinds of beverage: ale, beer, twopenny-three threads-entire butt -small brewery, bancrupted 1747

Growth of popularity in lower class

-Fellowship porters-Ticket porters

Second version of Porter

• Sir Humphrey Parsons (Red Lions Brewery)• Huge wooden VATS (better durability, long-term

cost savers, safer???) – first used 1736• Growth of big London Porter brewers• 12 London brewers control 42% of London

Porter production• Maturing for 1 year (Brett infected)• 1750 - Opening of Porter brewhouses across UK

(1764 first Porter brewery in Dublin)

VATS for Porter maturing

October 1814 – London Beer Flood

• Henry Meux’s Horse Shoe brewery • 571 tons VAT• London “rookeries” (slum) – St. Giles• “many were killed suffocated in the crush of hundreds trying

to get a free beer” • “patients already there for illnesses unrelated to the beer

disaster smelled the ale and began a riot, accusing doctors and nurses of holding out on the beer they thought was being served elsewhere in the hospital”

• Act of God

Horse Shoe Brewery and The Rookery

Third version of Porter

• “Stout Porter” phrase emerges• Invention of saccharometer• Combining of pale malt and brown malt• Tax duty – adding substitutes to Beer (Porter)• Industrial revolution – cheaper production

costs

Famous Porters

Fourth version of Porter

• 1817 – patent by Daniel Wheeler• Tax friendly malt • Combining pale malt and black malt (difference

between Irish Porter and London Porter)• Vanishing of “The Porter”• Common practice of mixing “different” styles of

Porter (fresh/mild, stale/old)• Open letter of Charles Barclay• Sales decrease after 1850, fall of London brewers

Black and Brown malt

Porter’s end ?

• Rise of Burton upon Trent• The Biggest London brewers switches to ale• Porter is being made from the same mash• Stronger version of Porter is called Stout• 1872 – no more of “Porter only” breweries• World war 1• World war 2 – killer of Britain’s beer styles

Alfred Barnard, 1889

“Our old Friend porter, with its sombre hue and foaming head, is no longer the pet of fashion, but a bright and sparking bitter, the colour of sherry and the condition of champagne,

carries off the palm”

Impact on other countries

• Ireland• USA• Canada• South Africa• Australia and New Zealand• Russia• India

Imperial Stout

Style revival

Bitter

“I’m getting rather hoarse, I fear,After so much reciting:

So, if you don’t object, my dear, We’ll try a glass of bitter beer”

Lewis Carroll, 1869

Symbol of UK

Thirst for paler and bitter beers

• 1830• 1842 – first mention• Decrease of porter sales• Beer = Porter, Ale = mild• 4 main styles • Truman goes to Burton (PA1 and PA2)• Pale ale = Bitter• No clips

Hand pump clips

Thing of prestige

• 1852 – french affair• Mid and higher classes• Coke in malsters• IPA (India Pale Ale)• Rise of Burton• “Bitter rail”• 1860 – Bitter in every brewery• 1875 – IPA, BA, LBA

Bitters today

NOVA RUNDA CRAFT BREWERY

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