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BIS

Emergency exit and fire

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CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIRE

SAFETY OF BUILDINGS (GENERAL):EXIT REQUIREMENTS

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EXIT REQUIREMENTS

Ample provision for escape of population of abuilding when on fire is vital and all routes shouldbe constructed to ensure that the population

reaches a place of safety in the shortest period oftime without undue hindrance by smoke, fumes,debris and the like.

Every building meant for human occupancy

should be provided with exits sufficient to permitsafe escape of occupants, in case of fire or otheremergency.

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Types of exit

An exit may be a doorway,

a corridor or

passageway(s) to an internal staircase, or

external staircase, or

to a verandah or

terrace(s) which have access to the street, or

roof of a building, or

a refuge area.

An exit may also include a horizontal exit leading to anadjoining building at the same level.

Lifts and escalators should not be considered as exits.

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General

Where necessary, adequate and reliable illuminationshould be provided for exits.

Fire check doors should at appropriate places along theescape routes to prevent spread of fire and smoke and

particularly at the entrance to lifts and stairs where afunnel or flue effect may be created, including anupward spread of fire.

All exits should provide continuous means of access tothe exterior of a building or to an exterior open spaceleading to a street.

Exits should be so arranged that they may be reachedwithout passing through another occupied unit

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Capacity of Exits

The unit of exit width, used to measure the capacity of anyexit, should be 50 cm. A clear width of 25 cm should becounted as an additional half unit. Clear widths less than 25cm should not be counted for exit width.

Occupants per unit exit width should be in accordance withTable 2.

Horizontal Exit AllowanceWhen horizontal exit isprovided in buildings of mercantile, storage, industrial,business and assembly occupancies, the capacity per storey

per unit width of exit of stairways in Table 2 may beincreased by 50 percent; and in buildings of institutionaloccupancy, it may be increased by 100 percent.

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Arrangement of Exits

Exits should be so located that the travel distance onfloor should not exceed the distance given in Table 3.

The travel distance to an exit from the dead end of acorridor should not exceed half the distance specified

in Table 3, except in educational, Assembly and institutional occupancies in which case it

should not exceed 6 m.

Whenever more than one exit is required for any room,

space or floor of a building, exits should be placed asremote from each other as possible and should bearranged to provide direct access in separate directionsfrom any point in the area served.

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Number of Exists

General Requirement

All buildings which are more than 15 m in height and allbuildings used as

educational (B),

assembly (D), institutional (F),

industrial (G),

Storage (H), and

hazardous (J) occupancies and mixed occupancies with anyof the aforesaid occupancies, having area more than 500m2on each floor should have a minimum two staircases.

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They should be of enclosed type; at least oneof them should be on external walls ofbuildings and should open directly to the

exterior, interior open space or to an openplace of safety.

Further, the provision, or otherwise ofalternative staircase should be subject to therequirements of travel distance beingcomplied with.

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All locking devices which would impede or prohibitexit, such as chain type bolts, limited opening slidingtype locks and burglar locks which are not disengagedeasily by quick-releasing catches, should be prohibited.

All closet door latches should be such that evenchildren may open the doors from inside.

All bathroom door locks or fasteners should bedesigned to permit the opening of the locked or closeddoor from the outside in an emergency without the

use of a special key. Every below-street-level sleeping room should have

direct access to the outside of the building.

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Industrial(G)

Not less than two exits should be provided forevery floor or section, including basements usedfor industrial purposes or uses incidental thereto.

In buildings used for aircraft assembly or otheroccupancy requiring undivided floor areas solarge that the distance from points within thearea to the nearest outside walls where exitdoors could be provided are in excess of 45 m,

requirements for distance to exits may besatisfied by providing stairs leading to exit tunnelsor to overhead passageways.

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Industrial(G)

In cases where such arrangements are not

practicable, permit other exit arrangements for

one storey buildings with distance in excess of

the maximum distances specified in 2.6. Basements used only for storage, heating and

other service equipment, and not subject to

industrial occupancy should have exits inaccordance with the requirements of Group H

occupancies.

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Industrial(G)

If completely automatic sprinkler protection isprovided and if the heights of ceiling curtain boardsand roof ventilation are such as to minimize thepossibility that employees will be overtaken by the

spread of fire or smoke within 180 cm of the floor levelbefore they have time to reach exits,

Provided, however, that in no case may the distance oftravel to reach the nearest exit exceed 120 m where

smoke venting is required as a condition for permittingdistances of travel to exits in excess of the maximumotherwise allowed.

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The following exceptions should apply to special purpose

industrial occupancies:

Exits need be provided only for the persons actuallyemployed; spaces not subject to human occupancybecause of the presence of machinery or equipment

may be excluded from consideration. Where unprotected vertical openings are necessary to

manufacturing operations, these may be permittedbeyond the limits specified for industrial occupancy

provided every floor level has direct access to one ormore enclosed stairways or other exits protectedagainst obstruction by any fire in the open areasconnected by the unprotected vertical openings orsmoke therefrom.

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The following exceptions should apply to high hazardindustrial occupancies:

Exits should be so located that it will not be necessary totravel more than 22 5 m from any point to reach thenearest exit.

From every point in every floor area, there should at leastbe two exits accessible in different directions; where floorareas are divided into rooms, there should be at least twoways of escape from every room, however small, excepttoilet rooms, so located that the points of access theretoare out of or suitably shielded from areas of high hazard.

In addition to types of exits for upper floors specified forGroup G occupancies, slide escapes may be used asrequired exits for both new and existing buildings.

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FIRE

It covers the requirement for fire prevention,

life safety in relation to fire, and fire

prevention of buildings. The code specifies

planning and construction features and fireprotection features for all occupancies that

are necessary to minimize danger to life and

property

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Fire

Fire escapes should not be taken into account in calculatingthe evacuation time of a building.

All fire escapes should be directly connected to the ground.

Entrance to the fire escape should be separate and remote

from the internal staircase. Care should be taken to ensure that the wall opening or

window opens on to or close to a fire escape.

The route to the fire escape should be free of obstructionsat all times.

The fire escape should be constructed of non-combustiblematerials, and any doorway leading to the fire escapeshould have the required fire resistance.

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Fire

No staircase, used as a fire escape, should be inclined at an anglegreater than 45 to the horizontal.

Fire escape stairs should have straight flight not less than 75 cmwide with 20 cm treads and risers not more than 19 cm. Thenumber of risers should be limited to 15 per flight.

Hand rails should be of a height not less than 100 cm and notexceeding 120 cm.

Spiral Fire EscapeThe use of spiral staircase should be limited tooccupant load and to a building not exceeding 9 m in height unlessthey are connected to platforms, such as balconies and terraces toallow escapees to pause.

Spiral fire escape should be not less than 150 cm in diameter andshould be designed to give adequate headroom.

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Fire Tower

Fire towers are the preferred type of escape route forstoreyed buildings and their application should beconsidered as the safest route for escape.

Their number, location and size should depend on thebuilding concerned, and its associated escape routes.

In every mercantile, industrial, business, assembly buildingsother than theatres, institutional and residential buildings,over 6 storeys or 25 m in height, at least one requiredmeans of egress should be a fire tower.

The enclosure of fire towers should be constructed of wallswith a 4 h fire-resistance rating without openings otherthan the exit doorways with platform, landings andbalconies of not less than 3 h fire-resistance rating.

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FIRE PROTECTION SAFETY SIGNS

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BIS reference

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.12

349.1988.pdf

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.16

44.1988.html

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.16

44.1988.html

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.12349.1988.pdfhttps://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.12349.1988.pdfhttps://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.1644.1988.htmlhttps://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.1644.1988.htmlhttps://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.1644.1988.htmlhttps://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.1644.1988.htmlhttps://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.12349.1988.pdfhttps://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.12349.1988.pdf

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Thank You