Bird use of Delaware wetlands during fall migration based ... · PDF fileBird use of Delaware...
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Bird use of Delaware wetlands during fall migration based on weather radar observations
Jeffrey J. Buler1, Tim D. Schreckengost1, Jaclyn Smolinsky1, James McLaren1, Deanna K. Dawson2, Eric L. Walters3
1 Dept. of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology
2 Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
3 Dept. of Biological Sciences
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WSR-88D Weather Surveillance Radar – 1988 Doppler
(a.k.a. NEXRAD)
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Initiation of nocturnal migration
Onset of migration
From Diehl and Larkin 2005
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Reflectivity (Z or cm2/km3) (relative bird density)
Radial Velocity (m/s)
Sample volume Tilt = 0.5°
360° rotation
WSR-88D operation and data products
Temporal sampling rate 5 – 10 minutes
Volume scan
Low High
Bird layer
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Range from radar (km)
2 – Height distribution of birds (Where are the birds?)
Height distribution of birds
Prop
ortio
n of
bird
s det
ecte
d
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
1 – Beam propagation (Where is the beam?)
Adjustment for range bias
0 5 10
Buler & Diehl. 2009. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.
Exlcude data if <10% of
distribution sampled
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Buler & Dawson (2014)
Autumn (2008 & 2009)
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Pooled Autumns 2008 – 2014 (n = 91 days)
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Pooled Autumns 2008 – 2014 (n = 91 days)
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Forest Forestedwetland
Developed Agriculture Marsh
Mea
n bi
rd d
ensit
y (c
m2
/hec
tare
) Bird density among habitat types
9,841 5,310 1,920 38,036 4,428
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Annual trend (cm2/ha per year)
Trend in migrant use from 2008 - 2014
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Annual trend (cm2/ha per year)
Trend in migrant use from 2008 - 2014
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2014 2008 2012
Prim
Annual trend (cm2/ha per year)
Declining bird use on Prime Hook NWR
LANDSAT SWIR Band
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Stan
dard
ized
bird
den
sity
Irene 8/28/11
Sandy 10/31/12
Areas of declining bird use at Prime Hook NWR
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Photo: Michael Menefee
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Wintering waterfowl feeding flight
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“Raw” waterfowl exodus 1/1/2016
Reflectivity (dbZ)
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Change in bird density over 13 year period (1995 – 2007)
Change in wetness index over years
Steep decrease
Steep increase
No change
From Buler et al. (2012) Sacramento Valley of California
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∆ wetness
RegressionCoefficient (Std Dev)
< -2
-2 - -1
-1 - 1
1 - 2
> 2
∆ bird density
5 km From Buler et al. (2012)
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Acknowledgements
• Barry Truitt, The Nature Conservancy
Undergraduate students Matt Levendosky
Janine Antalffy Lauren Cruz Laura Young