BIRD HEALTH IS KING - Western Poultry Conference
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BIRD HEALTH IS KING (AND I AM THE COURT JESTER) SCOTT J. GUSTIN, DVM, MAM DIR. OF VET SERVICES, TYSON FOODS INC. FEBRUARY 24, 2020 AREAS OF CONCERN • Animal Health and Well-Being • Food Safety • Economics • Grower Relations
Transcript of BIRD HEALTH IS KING - Western Poultry Conference
BIRD HEALTH IS KING(AND I AM THE COURT JESTER)
SCOTT J. GUSTIN, DVM, MAM
DIR. OF VET SERVICES, TYSON FOODS INC.
FEBRUARY 24, 2020
AREAS OF CONCERN
• Animal Health and Well-Being
• Food Safety
• Economics
• Grower Relations
WHAT ARE THE COMMON PRODUCTION PROGRAMS CONCERNING ANTIBIOTICS
• Conventional Production
• Certified Responsible Antibiotic Use (CRAU)
• No Antibiotics Important to Human Medicine (NAIHM)
• No Antibiotics Ever (NAE) Process Verified
• Certified Organic
PROGRESSION TO NAE
• 1990’s– investigated long term feasibility of “ABF” programs
• 2000’s– on and off complexes in “ABF”, certified organic production
• 2013 – USDA approved “NAE” Production in one location
• 2014 – Eliminated use of all antibiotics in our hatcheries
• 2015 – Reached an 80% reduction of all shared class abx in broiler flocks in 4 years
• 2017 – Announced all brand labelled products are NAE
• 2018 – Less than 1% of our birds were treated with shared class antibiotics by vets*
* https://www.tysonsustainability.com/animal-welfare/antibiotics
ANIMAL HEALTH ISSUES IN BROILERS ON NAE
• Early mortality
• Omphalitis
• Vertically transmitted diseases
• Gut Health Mortality
• 14-35 days, Immunity/Control of
Coccidiosis and Managing NE
• Oddities
• Respiratory (Mycoplasma)
ANTIBIOTIC-FREE HATCHERIES
• Incoming quality– egg cuticle, house
moisture, nest management
• Sanitation! Monitoring!
• In-Ovo Process
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• Gentamicin removal from hatcheries was
eye-opening
• Bad hatchery bugs are gram-negatives!
• Salmonella effects at processing evident due to vertically
transmitted Salmonellas
• Clean up where the problem starts
• Breeder vaccination always a focus
• A fantastic application point for vaccines
• What else could work here?
Hatchery Antibiotic Use
GUT ART AND NAE PRODUCTIONAN EXHIBITION
• Bacterial infection
• Normal inhabitant of intestinal tract and
environment
• Two predisposing factors• Damage to the intestinal mucosa
• Increased numbers of intestinal C. perfringens organisms
• Clinical signs • Sudden increase in mortality around periods of cocci
challenge (depends on program)
• Peracute disease! Minimal signs of diarrhea or depression
• Lesions• Thickening and distended upper and middle intestine
• Diphtheritic membrane (turkish towel appearance) of
intestine
Diseases of Poultry 11th ed
Necrotic Enteritis
NECROTIC ENTERITIS
Normal Abnormal
Smooth normal color Turkish Towel
Make sure that every one on the live NAE team can diagnose NE and respond quickly
NE doesn’t always read the book and chickens keep growing on weekends!
EARLY N.E.WINDOW
LATE N.E.
WINDOW
UNDERSTAND YOUR PROGRAM
Pine Bluff, AR Medicated Article Usage Results expressed in pounds of drug per ton of feed. During transition weeks, per ton amounts are added together. Enter age to calculate settlement dates: Version 5.12
2/2
0/1
6
2/2
7/1
6
3/5
/16
3/1
2/1
6
3/1
9/1
6
3/2
6/1
6
4/2
/16
4/9
/16
4/1
6/1
6
4/2
3/1
6
4/3
0/1
6
5/7
/16
5/1
4/1
6
5/2
1/1
6
5/2
8/1
6
6/4
/16
6/1
1/1
6
6/1
8/1
6
6/2
5/1
6
7/2
/16
7/9
/16
7/1
6/1
6
7/2
3/1
6
7/3
0/1
6
8/6
/16
8/1
3/1
6
8/2
0/1
6
8/2
7/1
6
9/3
/16
9/1
0/1
6
9/1
7/1
6
9/2
4/1
6
10
/1/1
6
10
/8/1
6
10
/15
/16
10
/22
/16
10
/29
/16
11
/5/1
6
11
/12
/16
11
/19
/16
11
/26
/16
12
/3/1
6
12
/10
/16
12
/17
/16
12
/24
/16
12
/31
/16
1/7
/17
1/1
4/1
7
1/2
1/1
7
1/2
8/1
7
2/4
/17
2/1
1/1
7
2/1
8/1
7
2/2
5/1
7
3/4
/17
3/1
1/1
7
3/1
8/1
7
3/2
5/1
7
4/1
/17
4/8
/17
4/1
5/1
7
4/2
2/1
7
05 Starter
1413 ProPhorce SR 130 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
1423 XTRACT 6932 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .6 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8
1435 SAFMANNAN .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
2740 DECCOX (DECOQUINATE) 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
2860 NICARB-25 (NICARBAZIN)1. 1. 1. 1. 1. .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8
4/1
6
4/2
3
4/3
0
5/7
5/1
4
5/2
1
5/2
8
6/4
6/1
1
6/1
8
6/2
5
7/2
7/9
7/1
6
7/2
3
7/3
0
8/6
8/1
3
8/2
0
8/2
7
9/3
9/1
0
9/1
7
9/2
4
10
/1
10
/8
10
/15
10
/22
10
/29
11
/5
11
/12
11
/19
11
/26
12
/3
12
/10
12
/17
12
/24
12
/31
1/7
1/1
4
1/2
1
1/2
8
2/4
2/1
1
2/1
8
2/2
5
3/4
3/1
1
3/1
8
3/2
5
4/1
4/8
4/1
5
4/2
2
4/2
9
5/6
5/1
3
5/2
0
5/2
7
6/3
6/1
0
6/1
7
10 Finisher
1423 XTRACT 6932 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4
1435 SAFMANNAN .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
2827 MONTEBAN 1.8 1.8
2828 MAXIBAN 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
2860 NICARB-25 (NICARBAZIN) .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8
2903 SACOX / BIOCOX 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
2995 ZOAMIX 25% (ZOALENE) 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
3/2
6
4/2
4/9
4/1
6
4/2
3
4/3
0
5/7
5/1
4
5/2
1
5/2
8
6/4
6/1
1
6/1
8
6/2
5
7/2
7/9
7/1
6
7/2
3
7/3
0
8/6
8/1
3
8/2
0
8/2
7
9/3
9/1
0
9/1
7
9/2
4
10
/1
10
/8
10
/15
10
/22
10
/29
11
/5
11
/12
11
/19
11
/26
12
/3
12
/10
12
/17
12
/24
12
/31
1/7
1/1
4
1/2
1
1/2
8
2/4
2/1
1
2/1
8
2/2
5
3/4
3/1
1
3/1
8
3/2
5
4/1
4/8
4/1
5
4/2
2
4/2
9
5/6
5/1
3
5/2
0
5/2
7
14 WD - 1
1423 XTRACT 6932 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .6 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4
1435 SAFMANNAN .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
2827 MONTEBAN 1.2 1.2
2828 MAXIBAN 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
2903 SACOX / BIOCOX .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8
2995 ZOAMIX 25% (ZOALENE) 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
3/1
2
3/1
9
3/2
6
4/2
4/9
4/1
6
4/2
3
4/3
0
5/7
5/1
4
5/2
1
5/2
8
6/4
6/1
1
6/1
8
6/2
5
7/2
7/9
7/1
6
7/2
3
7/3
0
8/6
8/1
3
8/2
0
8/2
7
9/3
9/1
0
9/1
7
9/2
4
10
/1
10
/8
10
/15
10
/22
10
/29
11
/5
11
/12
11
/19
11
/26
12
/3
12
/10
12
/17
12
/24
12
/31
1/7
1/1
4
1/2
1
1/2
8
2/4
2/1
1
2/1
8
2/2
5
3/4
3/1
1
3/1
8
3/2
5
4/1
4/8
4/1
5
4/2
2
4/2
9
5/6
5/1
3
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First Shows up in setttlements
First Shows up in setttlements
First Shows up in setttlements
Pine Bluff, AR
NextPrevious
BUT IT ISN’T BAD EVERYWHERE…
• Complexes can have a very different
risk for enteritis!
• Different predominant CP strains
• Different feed ingredients
• Different breeds
• Different climate
COCCI PROGRAMS IN NAE PRODUCTION
ANTI-PARASITICIDES/CHEMICALS
• These are in-feed anticoccidials
• Nicarbazin, Decoquinate, Robenidine,
Clopidol, Diclazuril, Zoalene, Amprolium
• Must manage usage and plan ahead
• Higher Cost, Product Availability?
• Later NE breaks 24-30 days
VACCINES
• 5 Broiler products applied at hatcheries
• A more “sustainable program”
• Vaccine Coverage
• Severity of NE episodes, early breaks
• More options and development of these
products is working
A FAILING PROGRAM
• Must be addressed quickly
• Water soluble palliative treatments
that work at 2-3/1000 mortality may
not work here
• Either immunity is failing or
coccidiostat has failed if it is cocci
• Mortality and Food safety
implications
IS IT THE FEED?
Sample Description Site Count (cfu/ml) Count adj (cfu/g) Avg. CP Count LOG10
23390 Starter Feed Wville 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00
23395 Starter Feed SS 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00
23400 Cookie Meal 1850100 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00
23401 Meat and Bone Meal 1850143 2.00E+02 2.00E+02 2.30
23606 Broiler finisher feed Bol 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00
23608 NA Blend Bol 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00
23609 Soybean Meal Bol 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00
23610 Poultry Fat Bol 1.00E+02 1.00E+02 2.00
• You can use animal protein, but have to consider
imbalances that may surface
• Unfortunately we want to use more early, which can be problematic
• Wheat and DDG’s can increase incidence of NE
• Poor quality fats can play an indirect and direct role
• We don’t feed Clostridia, we FEED the Clostridia!
• Everything in moderation
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Nutritional Effects
PROBIOTICS, PREBIOTICS, AND PHYTOGENICS/EO’S
SNAKE OILS, PIZZA TOPPINGS AND FOO FOO DUST!
COMBINED APPROACH TO GUT HEALTH AND ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES
Gut health
Phytogenics/Essential Oils
Prebiotics
Probiotics
Organic Acids
WHAT HAS OUR RESEARCH TAUGHT US
We had to do our own homework, no formal vetting process
Partnerships with private research firms, universities and internal facilities
Real world Clostridial and Salmonella challenge studies have limitations
We didn’t expect them to be antibiotics– so just get us part of the way…
• But… what are the costs in your plant for product
scheduling, segregation, labeling, and potential
downgrade?• $5-10k per Abx treated house?
• How many houses/week are you treating?
• We can debate sub-clinical NE, but you can’t debate
mortality and lost lbs.
• Density and veg. fed. aspects much more costly
• Feed cost/ lb meat!
• Need to see the Food Safety or other benefits of these
products!
IS COST IMPORTANT?
Max 81 $6.00 Chemical C-stat $7.75
Probiotic $1.50
Prebiotic $1.25
Organic Acid $2.50
EO/Phytogenic $3.00
that’s 1 cent/lb! difference! $16.00
FINAL POINTS
• Clostridium perfringens and NE are not “direct” food safety issues today, but gut health (along
with mgmt. practices) CAN influence incoming Salmonella loads to the plant*
• https://thepoultrysite.com/articles/necrotic-enteritis-control-helps-reduce-salmonella-colonisation
• Our NAIHM locations do NOT perform better on Salm WBC or Parts than NAE locations
• However, NAE production does have the greater potential to have “blow-ups”
• Each complex/region has a unique Clostridial and Salmonella spp. ecosystem
• Antibiotic usage or lack thereof has not affected Campylobacter WBC or Parts rates one iota.
• Clean out, disinfection, and loss of good flora (yeah I said it)
• High Growth Rates
• Wheat Diets/High Nutrient Density
• Speed to Market of New Products
• De-integrated systems of production• Tougher to do in small companies and fill orders
• Commitment to success• Too many “point of difference” products already?
• Welfare implications
• If it was easy, you’da already done it!
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Why will Canada NOT Succeed in ABF/NAE?
• Stockmanship and Precision
• Which customer dictates your business (Foodservice or
Retail?)
• Innovation and Technology
• Reshaping the growth curve
• R&D in your backyard!
• Investment
• You will do it the right way!
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Why WILL Canada Succeed in ABF/NAE?
