BIPV - Best Practices from Germany -...

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BIPV - Best Practices from Germany

Building Integrated PV Symposium 2013

23. April 2013, Toronto

AHK – Canadian German Chamber

of Industry and Commerce INC

Astrid Schneider, Berlin Solar Architecture

Design, Research & Communication

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Astrid Schneider

Solar Architecture: Design, Research & Communication

Architect and specialized author in the field of Solar Architecture and BIPV

Projects include:

– Solar Architecture

– Design of building integrated solar systems (BIPV-projects)

– Product development BIPV

– Research projects BIPV

– Publications

– Consulting

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Astrid Schneider

Media Project:

‚Solar Architecture for Europe‘ (Film + Book) in 1996

Solar Architecture for Europe

04. Juni 2008 - Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecure

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Horno – a Village destroyed for Lignite Mining

City Hall in Horno with Solar Roof Integration with Sunslates


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Fossil Fuels: Lignite Mining in Germany

Lignite Coal Mining is still devastating landscapes and eats up villages,

especially of the ‚Sorbish‘ Community, living in Eastern Germany

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture

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Fossil Energy Civilisation

Source: Astrid Schneider

Fossil Power – we are ‘the consumers’ – this 3000 MW Lignite Power Station –

is emitting 5% of Germanys CO2-Emission trading volume alone

energy

energy

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture - Berlin - Vom Schutzdach zum Nutzdach - 27.11. 2007

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World Energy Reserves

200 Years

100 Years

today

Source: BP-Statistical Review of World Energy 2004

Oil Gas Coal

At energy consumption rates of 2003

41 Years

200 Years

70 Years

Airodynamik

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture – Berlin

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200 Years

100 Years

today

Source: BP-Statistical Review of World Energy 2012

Oil Gas Coal

At energy consumption rates of 2011

54 Years

112 Years

63 YearsAirodynamik

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture – Berlin

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200 Years

100 Years

today

Source: Ludwig-Bölkow-System-Technik

Oil gas coal

33 years33 years

12 years8 years

…. If everybody consumes like an American!

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Fossil Coal Civilisation – Solar Civilisation

Supplied

by fossil energy from

coal, gas and nuclear

power plants feeding

into the public grid

Supplied by self, renewable and

regionally generated energy by:

- solar power generated with solar

power collected with façade and

roof

- Combined heat and power plant

(CHP) in the cellar

- wind energy supplied by the grid

… and the remaining energy from the

public grid Source: Astrid Schneider

Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture - 21.01. 2008

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Solar Potential in Germany

Using 3% of sealed area we could

produce 30% of electricity demand in

Germany

this is

– 1357 Millionen m2 Solar Module

– 0.4 % German surface

Source: Prof. Dr. Volker Quaschning, FHTW Berlin

Astrid Schneider - [email protected] - Germany

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PV produces 5% of Germany’s Electricity

In 2012 Germany had 32,643 MW installed capacity of photovoltaic power plants, which produced 28,000 GWh of solar electricity – 4.7% of German electricity demand (all renewables share is 22.9% in 2012)

Renewable electricity produced in Germany from 1990 - 2012

Source: German Ministry for Environment - BMU / AGEE-Stat, 2013 - http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/

Photo-

Voltaic

4.7%

Biomass

6.9%

Wind

7.7%

Water

3.6%


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PV Installations: ca. 7.5 GW / Year in 2010-12

In the years 2010 – 2012 we had about 7500 MW installations of Solar Plants every year – this resulted in a very rapid rise in overall PV-Power as a share of the overall electricity system in Germany. We went from 1% in 2009 to 5% now.

Installed Capacity of PV-Systems and produced energy in Germany

Source: German Ministry for Environment - BMU / AGEE-Stat, 2013 - http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/


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Solar System Installation 7.5 GW per Year

Source: BSW – German Solar Industry Association - http://www.solarwirtschaft.de/

PV-Market in Germany: Growing installation numbers, sinking system

prices, and falling Feed in Tariff went hand in hand for a rapid

deployment

7.6 GW


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Solar Power Production up 300% in 3 Years

33 TWh

in 2013

(estimated)

Source: BSW – German Solar Industry Association - http://www.solarwirtschaft.de/

Solar Power Generation grew in unprecedented numbers the last years

From 11,680 GWh in 2010 to 28,000 GWh in 2012.


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16.4.2013: PV produces at noon 24% Electricity

Solar power is acting as a ‘game changer’ in Germany’s electricity system and markets.

Gas power stations, which were used to provide noon time high consumption are made workless from spring to harvest.

Stock market electricity prices are strongly falling in Germany from about 8 Cent per kWh in 2008 to about 3.5 Cent per kWh actually in spring 2013.

Source: EEX - Transparency Platform of German Grid Operators

provided by European Energy Exchange AG (operates electricity stock exchange) 16.04. 2013 http://www.transparency.eex.com/en/

Photovoltaic

15.9 GW

Wind – 5.2 GW

Others – 46.2 GW

(including water power, biomass etc.)

Sum: 67.3 GW


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18.4.2013: PV produces at noon 28% Electricity

Solar power is acting as a ‘game changer’ in Germany’s electricity system and markets.

Gas power stations, which were used to provide noon time high consumption are made workless from spring to harvest.

Stock market electricity prices are strongly falling in Germany from about 8 Cent per kWh in 2008 to about 3.5 Cent per kWh actually in spring 2013.

Source: EEX - Transparency Platform of German Grid Operators

provided by European Energy Exchange AG (operates electricity stock exchange) 16.04. 2013 http://www.transparency.eex.com/en/

Photovoltaic

19.2 GW

Wind – 16.7 GW

Others – 33.2 GW

(including water power, biomass etc.)

Sum: 69.1 GW

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The Solar Government Quarter

Overview:

– Installation of 776 kWp PV-

Modules with an area of

10,000 m2

– Installation von 900 m2

thermal Solar Collektors

– Renewable Energy System

• Solar Cooling

• Aquifer storage

• Bio Oil CHP

• Heat Pumps

• Energy network for heat, cold

and electricity

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... Under construction

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Das Solare Regierungsviertel

Govrenment Buildings in the

‚Spreebogen‘:

– 80% renewable energy supply

– ca. 1,1% by PV-Systems with

357 kWp


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Solares Regierungsviertel heute

How

Source: Luftbild Berlin


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Solar Government Quarter Berlin

Governmental area in Spreebogen, built by Federal Building Agency


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Federal Chancellery

Design: Axel Schultes and Charlotte Frank Architects, Berlin


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Federal Chancellery


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Energy System underneath the ‚Spreebogen‘ - Source: Bundesbaugesellschaft

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Aquifere-Storage

Aquifere-Storage:

Seasonal Cold Storage :

– in 60 Meter

+

Seasonal Heat Storage:

– in 280-300 m

– Made

fromlimestone

and salty water

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Aquifere for Seasonal Heat Storage

Heat Storage:

– in 280-300 m lime stone with

salty water ‚Sole‘

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German Parliament, Berlin

‚Reichstag Buildling‘ Architects: Lord Foster and Partners, London

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Lüftungsschema Reichstagsgebäude / Foster and Partners, London

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Die Photovoltaikanlage ist in die Süddachfläche integriert

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Die Photovoltaikanlage ist in die Süddachfläche integriert

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Architect: Lord Norman Foster and Partners

– Power PV Solar System: 37 kWp - ca. 300 m2 area

– ca. 630,000 m3 CO2-reduction

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Solar modules:

– Modul-Size: 3000 mm x 1095 mm and 1505 mm x 1095 mm

– Power: 412 Wp und 206 Wp

– Module Inverters

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Solar modules are perfectly integrated and nearly ‚invisible‘:

– are custom made

– Black solar cells

– Black rubber for interconnections

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Solarmodule:

– Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Solarmodule aus 12 mm ESG-Frontglas und 8 mm TVG-

Rückglas mit maßgeschliffenen Gehrungskanten zur Minimierung der Abstände

– Monokristalline vollquadratische Solarzelllen von ASE, 10 x 10 mm, Wirkungsgrad 15%


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Federal Chancellery



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Federal Chancellery



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Federal Chancellery

PV-System at flat roofs of office blocks


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Federal Chancellery

PV-System with 149 kWp - 1271 m2

28. Oktober 2008 - Astrid Schneider - Solar Architecture

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Federal Chancellery


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Federal Chancellery

Flat Roof Installation of PV – Filming with CNN for Green City Series


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Federal Chancellery

Blick auf die Flügel und den Lehrter Stadtbahnhof, sowie das

Wirtschaftsministerium im Hintergrund


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Main Station - Berlin

Ca. 200 kWp PV Glass-Glass-Modules


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Paul-Löbe-Haus: Officies for MP‘s

Direkt neben dem Reichstag

gelegen beherbergt das

Paul-Löbe Haus

– Abgeordnetenbüros

– Sitzungssäle

– Informations- und

Besucherzentrum

Die Bürotrakte sind kammartig an

einem zentralen Atrium gelegen.

Gebaut von Stefan Braunfels

Architekten Berlin


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Paul-Löbe-HausVerschattungsanlage mit

einachsig nachgeführten

Lamellen, in die amorphe

Solarzellen integriert sind:

– Nennleistung 123 kWp

– 3239 m2 Solarmodule

– 6048 Verschattungs-

Lamellen mit PV

Die weltgrösste gebäude-

integrierte Solaranlage mit

amorphem Silizium

Herstellung

– Solarmodule und PV-

Anlage: Solon AG, Berlin

– Hersteller Solarzellen:

TESSAG AG, Alzenau


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Paul-Löbe-Haus

View to the Atrium


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Paul-Löbe-Haus

– Die Atrium-Verglasung wird von einem

Raster aus Betonbindern getragen.

– Darüber befindet sich eine Stahl-Glas-

Konstruktion, welche die Lamellen trägt


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Paul-Löbe-Haus


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Paul-Löbe-Haus

Detail Glass louvers with amorphous solar cell


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Paul-Löbe-Haus

Section


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Paul-Löbe-Haus

Detail-Ansicht des amorphen

Solarmoduls

Shadovoltaik Wings ueber Atriums-

Verglasung


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Federal Ministry of Justice

PV-Module als Verschattungslamellen über zwei Atrien

Verschattungssystem: Colt International GmbH, Kleve


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Glas-Glas-Lamellen ohne und mit Photovoltaik, Leistung: 25 kWp


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Außenliegende Stahlkonstruktion


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Details Knotenpunkte

Projektbeteiligte Verschattungssystem:

– Planung und Ausführung Sonnenschutzanlage mit PV: Colt International GmbH, Kleve

– Fassadenplanung: Michael Gödde, Neuss

– Glaslamellen mit und ohne PV: Saint Gobain Glass Solar GmbH, Aachen


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Atriumsüberdachung mit PV-Lamellen über dem Sitzungssaal

Architekten: Schweger und Partner, Hamburg


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Upper House of Parliament

Leistung: 21 kWp

Module: Saint Gobain Glass Solar, Lamellen-Konstruktion: Bomin-Solar, Lörrach


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Leistung: 21 kWp

Module: Saint Gobain Glass Solar, Lamellen-Konstruktion: Bomin-Solar, Lörrach


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Lichtplanung: Bartenbach Lichtlabor, Aldrans


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Upper House of Parliament (Bundesrat)



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Architekten: Schweger und Partner, Hamburg



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PV-Facade Integration with Amorphous SI

Schott Fabrication Hall


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Tübingen sport hall with PV facade

PV modules as ‘cold facade’ installation in front of an opaque wall

System specifications:

– Architects: Allmann

Sattler Wappner

– Solar cell producer:

Sunways

– Number of modules:

970

– Facade area: 530 m2

– Installed capacity:

43.7 kW

– Yearly power output:

26,000 kWh/a

Source: Suntechnics (D)


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Tübingen sport hall with PV facade

PV modules as a ‘cold facade’ installation in front of an opaque wall

System specifications:

– Point fixings

– Multicrystalline solar cells

(silicon)

– Grey-greenish colour

– Laminate modules

• Glass

• EVA

• Solar cells

• EVA

• White backside foil

Source: Suntechnics (D)


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Shop in Cologne with PV Facade

PV modules as insulated glass facade installation with 12 kWp

Source: Solon AG, Berlin (D)


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Shop in Cologne with PV Facade

– PV modules as a ‘warm facade’

– Different sizes of custom-made

modules up to 3080 x 1165 mm

– Module layers:

• 2 x 6 mm glass with 2 mm resin

filling, as capsulation for

multicrystalline solar cells

• 14 mm gap

• 8 mm compound safety glassSource: Solon AG, Berlin (D)


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Sport hall with PV facade in Regensburg

PV modules as ‘warm facade’ installation in a semitransparent glass wall


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Sport hall with PV facade in Regensburg

PV modules as ‘warm facade’ installation, in a semitransparent glass wall

Installed capacity

10 kW

Distance

between solar

cells 2 cm,

calculated for

optimal

daylighting

Light-distri-buting

semi-transparent

glass elements


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EWE Arena Sporting Facility, Oldenburg

PV modules as a movable solar screenSource: Colt International AG


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Project data:

Architects: ASP-Architects

Solar Screen: Colt

International AG

– Solar Screen:

– 40 m x 6.5 m

– 160 m movable

– 72 PV-modules

– 14.76 kW capacity

– Grey moncrystalline

solar cells

– Glass-modules

– 3 inverters

EWE-Arena - Movable Solar-Screen

Source: Colt International AG


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Solar Center Mecklenburg Vorpommern

Investor: Solarinitiative Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e.V.

Building Design:

Gerd Vogt,

Huckstorf

Construction

managment:

Turner & Partner,

Rostock

Energy Concept:

Energiebüro und EST-Ingenieure,

Berlin

Solar window shutters:

Astrid Schneider,

Berlin


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PV Roof Tiles

PV shingles with monocrystalline solar cells, installed capacity: 15.6 kWp

Photo: Astrid Schneider


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Solarer Fensterladen

Solar shutter with grey multicrystalline solar cells and wooden frame

Source: Astrid Schneider, Solar Architecture, Berlin (D)


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Solar Window Shutter

Solar window shutter - power: 2 x 80 Wp = 160 Wp

The Solar window shutter is a

multifunktional building

element invented by the

architect Astrid Schneider:

– Solar electricity production

– Sun protection

– Heat protection (buffer

funktion in winter)

– Protection for the windows

against rain

– Protection against thieves

(compound safety glazing)

– Optical protection for

inhabitants



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Solarer Fensterladen

Translucent glass-glass-module



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Translucent glass-glass-module

Installed Capacity:

– 80 Watt per module

– 160 Watt per window

Solar energy output:

– ca. 90 kWh/ year

Type of solar cells:

– multicrystalline silicon

with grey colour

– Cell efficiency: 12 %

Module construction:

– Glass-glass module with

EVA-compoung

– Frame: made from wood



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Solar shutter with semitransparent solar cells manufactured by Sunways



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Solar Window Shutter - with LED-Lightening


And RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - green


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Solar shutter with semitransparent solar cells and RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - blue


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And RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - red


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And RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - white


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And RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - white


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and RGB LED lighting by OSRAM - detail view green


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EXPO 2005 in Aichi - Japan

Global Village auf der EXPO 2005 - Cafe mit organic food


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EXPO 2005 in Aichi - Japan

Global Village - REPP-Pavillion - Freigelände mit EE-Ausstellung


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Solarer Schiebeladen mit PV-Modulen

Passivhaus in der Schweiz, Architekt Reto Miloni


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Solarer Schiebeladen

Passivhaus in der Schweiz, Architekt Reto Miloni


90Passivhaus in der Schweiz, Architekt Reto Miloni

Solarer Schiebeladen


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Black Look – Better Design Options?

Indachsystem MSK / Suntech mit monokristallinen Solarzellen


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Farbige Solarzellen

Source: BP Solar

Different colours - an experimental issue

Quelle: SunwaysSource: BP SolarQuelle:BP-Solar


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Das BIMODE Projekt

Das BIMODE-Projekt nimmt Bezug zur Kunst des 20sten Jahrhunderts

unter den Gesichtspunkten der

• geometrischen Kunst

• konkreten Kunst

• strukturellen Kunst


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BIMODE-Projekt

Prototyp Streifen-Solarmodul

EntwurfJörg Paul Janka


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BIMODE-Projekt

Detail-Ansicht goldene, stahlblaue und

magentafarbene Solarzellen

Prototyp Dreieckiges Solarmodul

Entwurf Jürgen Claus


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BIMODE-Prototyp - Entwurf

Standard Solarmodule

mit monokristallinen

Zellen

Probleme:

• Lückenhaftes

Erscheinungsbild

• Große

Zellzwischenräume

• Oder großer

Verschnitt von

Zellmaterial


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BIMODE-Prototyp - Entwurf

Hexagonale Solarzellen als optimierte monokristalline Zellen


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Prototyp Modul mit hexagonalen Zellen

Rhombische Solarmodule

Realisation Prototyp: BP-Solar im Rahmen des BIMODE-Projektes

Bürofassade mit schräg

gestellten PV-Modulen


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Prototyp Modul mit hexagonalen Zellen

Realisation Prototyp: BP-Solar im Rahmen des BIMODE-Projektes

Entwurf: Astrid Schneider


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BIMODE-Prototypen Realisation

Grüne hexagonale Solarzellen mit Wellengrid


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Lessons Learned

So far small roof tiles have not been successful on the market, prices being about 50%

higher than standard PV systems


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Standard modules integrated in pitched roof

PV roofing elements: standard PV modules with monocrystalline cells,

interconnected with aluminium substructure and rubber profiles

Source: Astrid Schneider, Berlin - Solar World AG


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Solar modules on a cowshed roof

61 kWp standard modules


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Solar Modules on a farm roof

80 kWp standard modules


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Solar Module auf Flachdächern

Phönix AG - Fa. Schwab


0

6

Anlagenleistung: 516 kWp

2.400 Module von IBC mit ca. 220 Watt pro Modul

Investitionsvolumen: 2,3 Mio €

4457,- EUR pro kW

Solarmodule auf Daimler Benz Rastatt

Project by: IBC Solartechnik GmbH in Staffelstein


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Solarmodule auf Flachdächern

34 kWp in Kassel Bürgeranlage

Realisiert durch IBC Solartechnik

640 kWp - ‚Stute Lebensmittelwerke‘

Quelle: IBC Solartechnik GmbH in Bad Staffelstein


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Phönix AG - Fa. Schwab


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Flachdachaufständerung von Standardsolarmodulen

Betonsockel über extensivem Gründach


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Standard Solarmodule über Gründach

Extensive Begrünung mit

niedrig wachsenden Pflanzen

Das Substrat dient als

Beschwerung für die Aufständerung


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Finanzministerium in Mainz, realisiert durch Fa. Sunstrom GmbH


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Unisolar thin film for ‚tilted‘ flat roof elements

Suntimes flat roof system with metal substructure and Unisolar cells


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PV on an industrial building in Berlin

92 kWp ‘PV-Plate’ by Biohaus with thin-film aSi by Unisolar

Source: Parabel Solar, Berlin


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Solar modules on a residential building

120 kWp roofing foil with thin-film aSi by Unisolar

Source: Parabel Solar, Berlin


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PV roof for an industrial workshop hall

Source:Thyssen-Kriupp SolarTec


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PV roof for an industrial workshop hall

Prefabricated PV roofing elements are

directly installed as ‘the roof’

– Roof: 25 x 17 meters, 15° inclined

– Wooden structure 2.5 metres

distance

Solar roof elements:

– 17 m long

– 1 m wide

– 11.5 cm thick

PV-system:

– 768 W / element

– 25 elements

– 19.2 kWp PV-system

– Cost: €147,000

Source:Thyssen-Kriupp SolarTec


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PV facade for an industrial building

PV-System ‘solartec’ produced by Thyssen-Krupp-Hösch


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