Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Chapter 12 23 and 25 March Operation involves both electrons and...
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![Page 1: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Chapter 12 23 and 25 March Operation involves both electrons and holes, so is called “bipolar” Junction E-B is forward.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051621/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a0b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Chapter 1223 and 25 March
• Operation involves both electrons and holes, so is called “bipolar”
• Junction E-B is forward biased, so electrons from the E (emitter) to the B (base)
• Junction B-C is reverse biased, so minority carrier electron concentration in B region at the B-C edge is close to zero.
• In the B region, there is large gradient of electron (minority carrier) concentration; the electron injected from E region will diffuse across the B region into the B-C space charge region
• An electric field due to the B-C reverse bias will sweep the electrons to the C (collector) region
• The B regions must be thinner than the minority carrier diffusion length in order to make as many electrons as possible to reach the C region.
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Operation modes of BJT
11
Mode BE junction BC junction Currents
Active Forward Reverse ic = βiB
Cutoff Reverse Reverse iE= iB= iC=0
Saturation Forward Forward ic < βiB
Reverse active Reverse Forward ic = βRiB
Analysis:
Active mode: most useful bias mode when using a bipolar junction transistor as an amplifier
Cutoff mode: no electron injected to the base, all currents are zero. Used as “off” state in digital circuits or open switch
Saturation mode: used as “on” state in digital circuits or closed switch
Reverse active mode: emitter and collector regions switch roles. Seldom used.
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