Bipolar Disorder Report by Aiko Escobido of Lipa City Colleges Group 2

7/29/2019 Bipolar Disorder Report by Aiko Escobido of Lipa City Colleges Group 2

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Bipolar Disorder

By: Aiko Escobido

LIPA CITY COLLEGES


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So, what ISBipolar Disorder?

Bipolar Disorder is a

serious brain disorder thatlimits ones ability to

function and to feel a normalrange of moods. Bipolardisorder is also known asmanic depression. Thisserious mental illness

involves mood swings thatrange anywhere fromdepression to mania.

Bipolar Disorder is a

serious brain disorder thatlimits ones ability tofunction and to feel anormal range of moods.Bipolar disorder is also

known as manicdepression. This seriousmental illness involvesmood swings that rangeanywhere from depression

to mania.

So, whatIS

Bipolar Disorder?

Affects nearly 5.7 million Americans!!!


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A History of Bipolar Disorder

A History of Bipolar Disorder

You may not have known that Bipolar Disorder is actually one of theworlds oldest diseases. Using early medical records, researchers have foundsymptoms of this disease recorded from since the second century. Aretaeus ofCappadocia (a medical philosopher) first recognized and linked symptoms of maniaand depression, but his findings were ignored. Then, in 1650, scientist RichardBurton wrote a book called The Anatomy of Melancholia. Even today, he is credited

as being the founding father of depression as a mental illness. Others who madesignificant findings in the field of this illness include:

Jules Falret (1854), established a link between depression and suicide

Francois Baillarger, characterized distinction between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Emil Krappelin (1913), established the term manic-depressive

The National Association of Mental Health (NAMI) was founded in 1979. Alot of significant research was done in 1980, and included findings like thedistinguishment between adult and childhood bipolar disorder. Even today, methodsfor treating bipolar disorder are still being tested and probable causes beingresearched.


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Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Depression Form:

- constantly feeling sad or

worthless

- sleeping too much or too little

- feeling tired and having littleenergy

-appetite and weight changes

-problems focusing

- thoughts of suicide

Manic Form:

- increase in energy level

- less need for sleep

- easily distracted

- nonstop talking

- increased self confidence

- focused on getting things done, butdoes not accomplish much

- is involved in risky activities eventhough bad things may happen

*Mood Questionnaires such as the one onwww.bipolar.com orwww.bipolardisorder.com can help you decide if you have bipolar disorder

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http://www.bipolar.com/http://www.bipolar.com/


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Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder

Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder has two main forms, manic anddepressive. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders (DSM-IV) has specific criteria for bothforms of bipolar illness. Diagnosing a manic form of

bipolar disorder does not require a set amount of time ofillness. On the other hand, the depression form of bipolardisorder requires at least two weeks of symptoms to bediagnosed. The patients mood can be either irritable orelated for a diagnosis of mania. A patient suffering fromthe depressive form of bipolar disorder will typically lookdrained and tired.

Other symptoms include hallucinations and delusions.Most health care providers would use several clinicalinventories as well an interview to assess the patients

mental status and to find any bipolar symptoms.


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How Bipolar Disorder Affects

the Body

How Bipolar Disorder Affects the Body

-Bipolar Disorder is damaging to the brain;certain parts of the brain may be unbalanced in volumewhich can affect the brains ability to learn, rememberthings, and function

-People with bipolar disorder tend to suffer fromanxiety and panic, and usually also have another mentalillness

-People with bipolar disorder generally dieabout 7 years earlier than that of the average population,

aside from suicide-Depression forms of bipolar disorder have been

linked to be the causes of heart disease, over-smoking,drinking, heart attacks, high blood sugar, diabetes, boneloss, stroke, irritable bowel syndrome, and even cancer

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Why I Chose this DiseaseBipolar Disorders

Bipolar I Disorder- it is the diagnosis given to an individual whois experiencing or has experienced, a full syndrome of manic ormixed symptoms.

Bipolar II Disorder- it is characterized by recurrent bouts of

major depression with the episodic occurrence of hypomania.This individual has never experienced a full syndrome of manicor mixed syndrome.

Bipolar Disorder mixed- when the symptom presentationincludes rapidly alternating moods (sadness, irritability,euphoria) accompanied by symptoms associated with bothdepression and mania.

Cyclothymic Disorder- essential feature is a chronic mooddisturbance of at least 2 years duration, involving numerousperiods of depression and hypomania, but not sufficient severityand duration to meet the criteria of either Bipolar I or II

disorder.


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Range of Mood and Emotion

severe mania

mild to moderate mania (hypomania)

normal-balanced mood

mild to moderate depression

severe depression


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Cures/Treatments for Bipolar

Disorder

Cures/Treatments for Bipolar Disorder

There is no actual cure for bipolar disorder yet, but with the help ofvarious treatments and medications, people with bipolar disorder canlive normally. These are just a few of the treatments for bipolardisorder:

Medications:

Mood Stabilizers- delay and relieve episodes of depression and maniaAntidepressants- work with mood stabilizers to help slow depression

Antipsychotics- helps treat mania and also severe cases of mania/depression

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)- used to treat mania/depression

Talk Therapy:Also known as psychotherapy, talk therapy can help people

with bipolar disorder make sense of their thoughts and feelings. Through talktherapy, people can get valuable advice and support, regain their confidence,and reduce any strain or stress they may have.

Self Care: Learning about bipolar disorder is the first critical step in self-care. Tracking and recording moods is also helpful. Avoiding things that maytrigger depression/manic episodes and joining a mental illness support group

are just a few other things that can help you lessen the stress of having bipolardisorder.


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Current Research for a Better

Cure

Current Research for a Better Cure

NIMH, otherwise known as the National Institute of Mental

Health, has been working on a large-scale project in an effort to find themost effective treatments for bipolar disorder. This study is known as theSystematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD). Studies have indicated that bipolar disorder is hereditary. Scientistsare seeking to find the genetic basis, working closely with researchers whobelieve the identification of particular genes will make it possible to createbetter treatments for bipolar disorder. Using advanced imaging techniques,researchers have been able to examine bipolar brain function and structure.They believe that understanding neural circuits will be critical in thedevelopment of new treatments. NIMH researchers are currently studyingnewer anticonvulsant drugs, such as lamotrigine and gabapentin.Psychotherapy treatments are being evaluated for their benefits and includePsychoeducation, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Family Focused Therapy,and Interpersonal and Social Therapy.


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When and How do Most Get

Bipolar?

When and How do Most Get Bipolar?

Most people become bipolar anytime fromtheir late teens to their early twenties. There aresome cases, which are becoming far more frequentlately, that kids get bipolar disorder. Studies showthat bipolar children are much more out of control

than bipolar adults, often raging for hours at atime. There is not a proven cause for bipolardisorder yet, but researchers do know that genescan cause a predisposition to the mental illness.Other possibilities include too much stress and anoverload of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamatein the synapse. Some evidence also hints that a lackof vitamins and/or minerals may case bipolardisorder. These are all possibilities. The causes forbipolar disorder can range from person to person,so there is no solid cause.


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How is a Persons Daily Life

affected?

How is a Persons Daily Life Affected?

Having bipolar disorder is just like having any otherdisease (such as diabetes or heart disease). People withbipolar disorder suffer from manic and depressive episodes intheir daily lives and have to constantly keep watch on theircondition. Victims of the illness are usually extremely tired or

overly hyper and are not in control of their brain functions.Their range of moods is abnormal. Without treatment, bipolardisorder worsens quickly. Life is an emotional roller coasterfor the people with bipolar disorder. Fortunately, bipolardisorder comes with many treatment forms. With the propermedication, education, and support, people with bipolardisorder can manage and live normal lives.


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What is the Cost of Treatment?What is the Cost of Treatment?

Bipolar disorder is not cheap tomanage. More than a decade ago, thetotal cost of bipolar disorder wasestimated to be up to $45 billion a

year. Most of the cost comes fromreduced functional capacity and lostwork. Compared with the generalpopulation, bipolar patients havehigher rates of utilization of healthcareresources. The lost productivity ofbipolar patients who have committed

suicide was $8 billion of the $45billion in costs recorded in 1991. Onlyabout $7 billion was spent on directpatient care. Misdiagnosis also has todo with increased costs.


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Diagram 1Diagram 1This picture features a girl withbipolar disorder in both hermanic and depressive forms. Asyou can see, she looks veryunsure of herself. People with

bipolar disorder like the girl inthis diagram can suffer fromweight loss or gain, delusions,fatigue, constipation, insomnia,movement retardation, and theymay even commit suicide. Her

body is not in very goodcondition because she is notgetting a healthy amount of food,sleep, exercise, and otheractivities we do in our everydaylives.


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Famous People with Bipolar Disorder

Hans Christian Anderson, writer.

Ludwig Van Beethoven, composer.

Lord Byron, poet.

Charles Dickens, author.

Ralph Waldo Emerson, philosopher & poet.

Ernest Hemingway, writer.

Vivien Leigh, actress.

Abraham Lincoln, 16th U.S. president.

Marilyn Monroe, actress.

Isaac Newton, scientist & mathematician.

Florence Nightingale, nurse.

Ozzy Osbourne, singer.

*There is a more complete list on www.wikipedia.org.

Sylvia Plath, poet.

Edgar Allen Poe, writer.

Axl Rose, musician.

Robert Schumann, composer.

Mark Twain, author.

Vincent Van Gogh, Artist.

Virginia Woolf, poet & novelist.

Frank Bruno, boxer.

Adolf Hitler, dictator.

Winston Churchill, politician.

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, writer.

Courtney Love, musician & actress.


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Now that you know ALL about Bipolar Disorder, its time for a Quiz! Do your best!Good luck!

1) What are the 2 main kinds of bipolar disorder?

2) What does NAMI stand for? What does this organization do?

3) What are 2 treatments for bipolar disorder?

4) In about what age range do most people become bipolar?

5) How many years earlier do bipolar people die on average than the generalpopulation?

6) It provides specific criteria for the diagnosis of both forms of bipolar illness.

7) Bipolar disorder can cause other illnesses. True or false?

8) How long does one have to have depression symptoms before they can bediagnosed?

9) It is a serious brain disorder that limits ones ability to function and to feel anormal range of moods

AND FOR THE FINAL QUESTION:

10) Who is the writer of this report?

Bipolar Disorder Quiz


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THE END!!!

Thank you for your time

Hope you enjoyed the

presentation!

Bipolar Disorder Report by Aiko Escobido of Lipa City Colleges Group 2

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