Bioterror i Rms 2

7/28/2019 Bioterror i Rms 2

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BIOTERRORISMPRESENTERS: 61-70

DATE OF PRESENTATION: 11-2-08


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MEMBERS

61

SHAVETA PURI

62SHEIFALI SINGH

63SHIKHA GANERIWAL

64

SHIKHA RAINA 65SHIVANGI SRIVASTAV

66SHOBHIKA KHURANA

67SHUBHI NIGAM

68

SHWETA SINGH 69SHWETA SINGH

70SHWETA SINGH


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Disease has longbeen the deadliest

enemy of mankind...

President George Bush


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What isBioterrorism?

The deliberate

release off anthrax,smallpox, ebola,

plague, or anyhighly fatalorganism in a largeunsuspectingpopulation


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Many of These Agents

Inhaled

Through skin or eaten

Are not contagious anthrax Are highly contagious smallpox


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History

Assyrians

Plague

Smallpox World War I

World War II

research


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World War II

1940 plague epidemic in China andManchuria

By 1945, Japanese stockpiled anthrax

U.S. began research in 1943


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History

Convention on the Prohibition of theDevelopment, Production, andStockpiling of Bacteriological and

Toxin Weapons

the Biological Weapons Convention(1972)


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History

Yellow Rain in Southeast Asia

Anthrax in Sverdlovsk

Ricin umbrella assassination inLondon


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History

Iraq


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History

Anthrax Mailings


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The Threat


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Attacks by Al-Qaida

U.S. Embassies inKenya and Tanzania

U.S.S. Cole

World Trade Center and

Pentagon Tunis synagogue in

2002

U.S. Consulate General

in Karachi (2002) Suicide bombings at

U.S. Housingcompounds in Riyadh


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Threat remains real

Terrorist groups other than Al-Qaida

Increasing interest in biologicalweapons


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Motivation

Create mass casualties Overwhelm emergency response

systems

Disrupt normal routine Shut down and contaminate facilities Create panic and confusion

Loss off faith in ability to preventattacks


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Terrorists Considerations

Terrorists can easilymaintain covert andclandestine posture

Small quantities createlarge impact

Biological weapons areinexpensive

Agents difficult todetect

Biological weaponspotentially availablefrom states that supportterrorism


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Terrorists Considerations(continued)

Soviet disintegration increasedconcerns about protection, control, andaccountability of agents

Agents need not be pure to createcasualties

Attacks create psychological damageregardless of casualties


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Potential Targets

Tendency toward large, indiscriminate targetswith high contamination rate

Mass transit systemsModern office buildings

Large indoor shopping areasAirports, crowded ports, and train

stationsCongested, open-air events with

restricted exit routesLarge indoor sport arenas, convention

centers, concert hall


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Current Biological

Weapons Programs 10-12 countries pursuing biological

weapons programs Black market

Materials used in universities / medical

research vulnerable


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Facilities

Production requires rudimentary skillsand facilities

Production can be hidden behindscreen of legitimate research


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Mission

Be prepared! Long-term strategy Significant investment iin healthcare

system


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U.S. Response Today

Improvements in preparedness

National stockpile of medical countermeasures expanded and more

accessible Additional diagnostic tests, drugs, and

vaccines under development


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Since 9/11 Steps Taken

HS Office of Public HealthPreparedness to addressbioterrorist threats

New director of CDC isnoted for her work in

combating anthrax andbioterrorism

Plans announced toinoculate 10 million healthcare, emergency, law

enforcement, and militarypersonnel againstsmallpox

System designed to detectairborne release of anthrax

and smallpox


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Since 9/11 (continued)

Increase in funding to combat terrorism

June 2002 bioterrorism law for stockpilingmedicines and vaccines

Project Bioshield proposes spending $5.9billion to defend against bioterrorism

NIH development capabilities strengthened

Make promising treatments quickly available


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Diseases of Concern

High death rates

Public panic

Require special attention to cure andcontain


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Anthrax

Danger depends on various factors

Not contagious

Three methods of contamination- Skin anthrax: 5 to 20% fatality

- Lung anthrax: 80% fatality

- Ingested anthrax: 70% fatality


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Smallpox

Extremely contagious virus

30% fatality rate

No known cure Vaccine prevents infection and reduces

severity of illness


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Botulism

Potentially fatal, but noncontiguous


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Plagues

Bubonic Plague

- Carried by rodents, transmitted byfleabites

- Cannot spread from person to person

- More common, less deadly


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Pneumonic Plague

Affects lungs

Travels through air, highly contagious

Very rare and lethal 100% mortality, if untreated


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Tularemia

Carried by small mammals

As a weapon aerolsolized

Death rates could climb to 60%


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Hemorrhagic Fever

Deadly class of viruses

HVFs carried by animals in Africa, Asia,Middle East, and South America

Cause of spread unknown

Transmitted via blood or other bodily


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Responding Agencies

Department of Homeland Security- Federal Emergency Management Agency

Department of Health and Human Resources

- Centers for Disease Control

Monitors public health threats

- National Institutes of Health

Oversees infectious disease researchand new drug therapies

Department of Defense

- Research and detection of biowarfare agents

First line of response clinicians and hospital

personnel


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If there is an attack ...

May not be immediately obvious

Pattern of unusual illness

Become aware through mediabroadcasts

Immediate information on what to domay not be available


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Stay Tuned to Media/Internet

Are you in immediate danger area?

What are signs?

Are medications available?Where?

Who should get them?

Where to seek emergency care?


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REFERENCES


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THANK YOU

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