BIOTEKNOLOGI DALAM BIDANG PERLINDUNGAN TANAMAN fileHow to make plant resistance to pests/disease?...
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BIOTEKNOLOGI DALAM BIDANG PERLINDUNGAN TANAMAN
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How to make plant resistance to pests/disease?
• Transgenic crop – A transgenic crop is a genetically modified organism
(GMO). Transgenic indicates that a transfer of genes has occurred using recombinant DNA technology.
– Generally a transgenic crop contains one or more genes that have been inserted artificially either from an unrelated plant or from different species altogether.
• Systemic induced resistance – Defence mechanism of the plant as a response to the
pest invasion or disease infection
What is transgenic crop?
• The first genetically modified food to reach our tables was the Flavr Savr tomato-slow down the ripening process
How to make transgenic crop?
Available transgenic crops
• Herbicide tolerance
– Soybean glyphosate herbicide (Roundup) tolerance
• Insect resistance
– Corn resistance to insect pests, specifically the European corn borer
• Virus resistance
– Plum resistance to plum pox virus
• Nutrition enrichment
– Golden rice, tobacco hep B,
Transgenic rice resistant to blast
Rice gene Pb1 confers panicle-blast resistance to rice Rice cultivars with (+Pb1) and without (-Pb1)
Rice plants overexpressing WRKY45 are resistant to blast (left) and leaf-blight (right) diseases.
Transgenic crop resistant to insect
http://www.apsnet.org/EDCENTER/K-12/TEACHERSGUIDE/PLANTBIOTECHNOLOGY/Pages/Health.aspx
Side effect of transgenic crop
• Human health issues
– Allergenicity
• Ecological and environmental risks
• Environmental fate
• Insect resistance management
• Affect on other natural enemies
Side effect of transgenic crop
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779998012980
Induced Systemic resistance
• SAR: resistance acquired through the infection of necrotizing pathogen – The plant response sometime
accumulate later
• ISR: defence response triggered through the introduction of non pathogenic rhizobacteria or other trigger – Plant will be ready when the
pathogen infect the plant
Happen in nature
Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)
A. A. thaliana
B. A. thaliana + Pcc
C. A. thaliana + Str
D. A. thaliana + Str + Pcc
ISR mediated PGPR