Biotechnology karnataka sslc
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Transcript of Biotechnology karnataka sslc
BIOTECHNOLOGY(To Teachers & Students of Karnataka SSLC)
DR. M. JAYAKARA BHANDARY DEPT. OF BOTANY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE COLLEGE, KARWAR
By learning, you will teach. By teaching you will understand. -A Latin Proverb
Definition
• Applications of biological systems / processes / organisms to manufacturing (Products) or service industries (Services).
• BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE +
TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
= BIOTECHNOLOGY
HISTORY….
Old / Biotechnology – Bread making,
wine making, fermentation, milk
products, Even Idli Making
Modern Biotechnology
1980 onwardsGenetic EngineeringDNA FingerprintingPlant Tissue CultureCloning, etc.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
• Changing genetic material of an organism by transferring genes from other organisms
• Creating organisms with new genes/ characters – Genetically modified Organisms (GMO’s) or transgenic Organisms.
• Addition or Modification of characters of organisms
• Recombinant DNA technology – Joining or combining genes from two or more organisms in the laboratory.
Fire Fly (Luciferene gene)
Genetically Engineered Tobacco Plant with Luceferene Gene
Insulin Production by Bacteria
Transfer of Insulin Gene
Insulin producing Bacteria
DNA FINGERPRINTING
• Technique which helps in the establishment of identity of a person or organism based on uniqueness of DNA sequence.
• Every person’s DNA sequence is different from all others, like finger print or signatures.
Techniques…. Collection of DNA, cutting into
pieces, Separation of pieces by Gel Electrophoresis, Processing of separated DNA bands which appear like ‘Bar Codes’.
DNA Fingerprinting
Application : Detection of criminals, solving parental disputes
DNA fingerprint of a person
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
• Technique of growing isolated plant tissues or cells in an artificial medium under aseptic conditions.
• Plant cells TOTIPOTENT. Each cell can Multiply and develop in to new plants when cultured.
• Growth medium: Nutrients, vitamins, hormones, agar
Medium New Plantlets
USES OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
• Micropropagation – large number of plants in small space
• Disease free plant production• Somatic hybridisation/cybrid production- Pomato• Transgenic plant production – Nif gene transfer• Pollen culture – haploid plants – Parthenocarpy –
Protection of pure charecters.• Shortening of Flowering Period – Rose?
Cloning• Identicle/ exactly similar cells / organisms • Plants produced by cuttings/ vegetative propagation
are genetically similar – in vivo clones (Hibiscus, Rose, etc.)
• Tissue culture Plants – in vitro Clones• Animals from cell of a single parent – in vitro
method• Dolly sheep – first animal clone produced by Ian
Wilmut.• Cloning is possible in frogs, rats, monkeys• Xerox copies of parent animal (usually superior
quality mother)
How Dolly was produced?
Applications of Biotechnology
• Agricultural Applications – new variety of crop plants, animal breeds
• Ex: Bt cotton, Golden Rice, Fast growing sheeps, Pigs
Applications of Biotechnology
• Biocatalysts (Enzymes- Stain removers in detergents)
• Biopolymers (Bioplastic – PHB from plants, Bacteria)
Applications of Biotechnology
• Pollution control – Bacteria to clean pollution• Polluted/Waste water treatment (Bacterial
Filters, Membrane Filters)• Medical/Health benefits• Cheaper and safer hormones (Insulin by
bacteria, Growth hormones), vaccines (HbV vaccine), drugs (Blood clotting factor)
Limitations of Biotechnology
• Genetic engineered food may cause Health Problems (Bt cotton, corn , brinjal etc. have a toxic gene of bacteria)
• Pest resistant Bt plants also kill useful insects like butter flies, bees along with disease causing pest insects – ecological imbalance.
• Human cloning – Socially, Ethically Right?
THANK YOU
[email protected] – 222458 ®
I want to touch the FUTURE . Therefore, I have become a TEACHER. - Christa McAuliff