BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Part II. Genetic Engineering and Part II. Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNARecombinant DNA

Cloned CatsCloned Cats

Content StandardsContent Standards

5a.Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.

BI5. c. Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products.

5e.* Students know how exogenous DNA can be inserted into bacterial cells to alter their genetic makeup and support expression of new protein products.

Objectives:Objectives:

SWBAT SWBAT explain the structure and function of DNA, RNA, explain the structure and function of DNA, RNA,

and proteins.and proteins. predict the physical characteristics of an predict the physical characteristics of an

organism based on its genetic make up.organism based on its genetic make up. understand the general pathway by which understand the general pathway by which

ribosomes make proteins.ribosomes make proteins. understand how altering an organisms genetic understand how altering an organisms genetic

make-up changes the proteins the organism make-up changes the proteins the organism produces.produces.

Genetics ReviewGenetics Review

Genes code for proteins (transcription and Genes code for proteins (transcription and translation)translation)

Proteins-make-up physical characteristicsProteins-make-up physical characteristics Changes in the DNA sequence will affect the Changes in the DNA sequence will affect the

genetic code (mutations)genetic code (mutations) If the genetic code is changed then a protein can If the genetic code is changed then a protein can

be changedbe changed This can change an organismsThis can change an organisms’’ physical physical

characteristicscharacteristics

How is Biotechnology a part of your How is Biotechnology a part of your life?life?

Medical researchMedical researchConsumer products (clothing)Consumer products (clothing)Forensic Science (crime scene Forensic Science (crime scene

investigation)investigation)Maury (paternity tests)Maury (paternity tests)Genetically modified foods (you eat them Genetically modified foods (you eat them

on a daily basis)on a daily basis)

What is Biotechnology?What is Biotechnology?

Bio=lifeBio=life

Technology=usage and knowledge of tools and Technology=usage and knowledge of tools and craftscrafts

Biotechnology- technology that uses biological Biotechnology- technology that uses biological systems, living organisms, or products made systems, living organisms, or products made from living organisms to make or modify from living organisms to make or modify products or processes for specific use products or processes for specific use

What is genetic engineering?What is genetic engineering?

Altering genes to produce a proteinAltering genes to produce a proteinChanging of an organismChanging of an organism’’s DNA to give s DNA to give

the organism new traitsthe organism new traitsTransgenic organisms-has one or more Transgenic organisms-has one or more

genes from another organism inserted into genes from another organism inserted into its genomeits genome

Uses-medication and genetically modified Uses-medication and genetically modified cropscrops

What are plasmids and restriction What are plasmids and restriction enzymes?enzymes?

BacterialBacterial PlasmidsPlasmids-circular pieces of -circular pieces of DNA, found in bacteria DNA, found in bacteria

Restriction enzymesRestriction enzymes-enzymes that cut -enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites DNA at specific sites

Restriction sitesRestriction sites-sections of DNA -sections of DNA recognized by restriction enzymes as the recognized by restriction enzymes as the place to place to ““cutcut”” the DNA ( the DNA (BamBamH I, H I, HinHind III )d III )

How are recombinant DNA How are recombinant DNA molecules produced?molecules produced?

Recombinant DNARecombinant DNA-DNA sequence that is -DNA sequence that is produced from combining DNA sequences, produced from combining DNA sequences, contains more than one organisms genescontains more than one organisms genes

RE-used to cut out desired gene from DNARE-used to cut out desired gene from DNA Plasmids are cut with same REPlasmids are cut with same RE Plasmid opens and gene is added to plasmidPlasmid opens and gene is added to plasmid Sticky ends of DNA are bonded together Sticky ends of DNA are bonded together

(ligation)(ligation)

Recombinant Recombinant E.coliE.coli plasmid plasmid

DiscosomaDiscosoma sp (sea anemone) sp (sea anemone)

E.coliE.coli

restriction analysis of pKAN-R and pARA

pKAN-R

pARA

BamH I

Hind III

BamH IHind III

rfp702 bp

5408 bp

4058 bp

40 bp

ligation of pKAN-R/pARA restriction fragments

sticky endBamH I

sticky endHind III

sticky endBamH I

sticky endHind III

Summary QuestionsSummary Questions

What are some beneficial uses of What are some beneficial uses of transgenic organisms?transgenic organisms?

How are recombinant DNA molecules How are recombinant DNA molecules produced? (describe this process in detail)produced? (describe this process in detail)