Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering

Types

Human Genome Project

DNA Fingerprinting

Gene Therapy

Cloning

Stem Cells

Genetic Engineering

Human Genome Project HGP - was an international project that mapped and sequenced the entire human genome.

HGP Advantages

Diseases

Disorders

Food (hunger)

HGP Disadvantages

Privacy

Insurance

Perfect baby

Uncertainties

Religious

Health (GM foods)

How scientists mapped the human genome

DNA Sequencing -is a laboratory technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases (A, C, G, and T) in a DNA molecule

The Employment of Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) - DNA sequence recognized by restriction enzymes. These are bacterial enzymes used by scientists to cut DNA molecules at known locations.

Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YAC) - Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) is a human-engineered DNA molecule used to clone DNA sequences in yeast cells

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC) - (BAC) is an engineered DNA molecule used to clone DNA sequences in bacterial cells

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify DNA sequences.

Electrophoresis - a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/sequ_flash.html

Genetic Engineering

Gene Splicing process in which fragments of

DNA from one or more different organisms are combined to form recombinant DNA.

Restriction Enzymes DNA-cutting enzymes

found in bacteria

Tobacco Plant/Firefly

Genetic Engineering Food

Resistant to insects, more nutritious, larger, climate, juicier

Pros? Cons?

Humans Fight Disease? Insulin Change Traits?

Pros? Cons?

Genetic Engineering

Industry Bioenergy

Cheaper

Cleaner

Products

Environment Fight pollution

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that “cut” DNA

Enzymes made by bacteria as a defense mechanism to kill viruses

Over 6000

Ex

EcoRI

HindIII

Bam HI

Bacteria

Single large chromosome

Plasmids

Circular DNA found in bacteria

Important in genetic engineeringEx. Insulin production

Cloning

Cloning - the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means.

Cloning Advantages

Multiplicity Food Extinction (Jurassic Park) Cloning a loved one (Sixth Day)

Disadvantages

Organs (Island)Reducing BiodiversityPlaying GodTempting to clone humans?

Stem Cells

cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body

serve as a repair system for the body

may one day be used to make cells and tissues for therapy of many diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis

Stem Cells

Health problems that might be treated

Paralysis

Disease http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9WB_PXjTBo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFYSUPlZmcg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUaCMIYYTNE

Stem Cell - is a "generic" cell that can make exact copies of itself indefinitely.

                       

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

DNA of different sizes can be separated in the gel

the negatively charged DNAs move through the gel toward the positive electrode (anode)

the smallest DNA move fastest and furthest down the gel

the largest DNAs move the least

DNA Fingerprinting/Gel Electrophoresis

DNA - Public Knowledge & Crime

DNA Fingerprinting/Gel Electrophoresis

Privacy ex. employment opportunities

Insurance

Crime

Paternity Tests

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/labwave.html