Biotechnological techniques for solving industrial problems
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Transcript of Biotechnological techniques for solving industrial problems
Biotechnological techniques for solving industrial problems
COMSATS institute of information technology, Abbottabad
Zohaib Hussain (sp13-bty-001)
DR. Humaira
Sustainable industry Industry is sustainable
• It meets the needs and demands of the present
• Without compromising the future
Ethical
Economical Compatible
Renewable EnergyModern biotechnology in the production of biofuel –
bioethanol
• Rising oil prices,
• Decrease fossil fuel reserves
• Climate change due to increasing CO2 levels.
Biomass, and bio-based fuels in particular have received
wide attention recently.
Bioethanol Bioethanol is the product of a fermentation process
In EU wheat, sugar beet and grapes.
R&D efforts
• Alternative source of raw materials,
• Sugar cane is used. (No Enzyme)
• The enzymes recombinant amylases
World Fuel Ethanol ProductionCountry Millions of Gallons
United States 14,806
Brazil 7,093
European Union 1,387
China 813
Canada 436
Thailand 334
Argentina 211
India 211
Rest of World 391
A Decade of Carbon reductionsRenewable Fuel Standard
Reduced U.S. transportation-related carbon
emissions by 589.33 million metric tons.
• RFS1 and RFS2 programs
• Alternative to petroleum fuels
• Reduced reliance on foreign oil
• Decreased carbon emissions
Pulp or Paper industry • Wood contains esters of fatty acids (‘pitch’)
• These substances are usually removed using chemicals.
• lipases can be used in mechanical pulps to reduce pitch
problems.
• Enzyme aided removal of fines and polysaccharides on
fibres.
• To improve the drainage of water.
• Increasing the efficiency of pressing
Paper industry Problems are
• Produces emissions to air and water as well as solid
waste as a by-product.
• Air pollutants are NOx, SO2 , CO, CO2 and
particulate matter.
• High biological and chemical oxygen demand
(BOD and COD).
• Chlorine emissions
Paper industry • Cellulose sourced from wood
• Xylanases major enzyme.
• Used in the pulp bleaching process to enhance the
extractability of lignin.
• 20 mills throughout Scandinavia, North America and
Russia,
• 10% of kraft pulp is manufactured using xylanase
treatment
• cost savings of 5%-6%.
Paper industry • Pectinases in raw material treatment or
cellulases. • lipases. • Cellulases and hemi-cellulases can be used in
enzyme-aided deinking.
Note: • These process is already used in mills but is
not yet widespread.
Outcomes • Reduces use of elemental chlorine by 90%.
• AOX content in wastewater streams by 15%-20%.
• Reduce energy use by about 32%
• Greenhouse gas emission savings are around 5%.
• The use of enzymes in de-inking and pitch control
• less use of additives
• surface-active chemicals, and other chemicals.
Textile industry • EU comprises about 70,000 companies, 8% of the
worldwide enzyme market. • Energy and water-intensive processes. • Wastewater streams pollutant. • In textile wetting, 100 litres/kilogram of textile
fabric. • Require high temperatures• Cleaning, bleaching, dying and others• Finishing processes generate a variety of
pollutants.
Textile industry • Cellulases are also used in the finishing of denim
garments
• To create a washed out appearance by replacing the
stone wash process by “biostoning”.
• This process was applied to 80% of jeans trousers in the
1990s.
• Cellulases account for about 2/3 of textile enzyme sales
Food industry • Biotechnology in food production has a long
history
• In beer, wine, bread and cheese production.
• The significance of modern biotechnology in food
processing
• By the large share of food enzymes in the enzyme
market: 30%-45%.
Food industry 1960s, all glucose production based on starch
Change to enzymatic rather than acid hydrolysis,
• Reducing steam cost by 30%
• Ash by 50%
• By-products by 90%
Amylases, proteases and xylanases
Important roles in baking, cheese production, sweetener
production and other food production processes.
Food industry Enzymes to improve the production processes and
the product quality.
In juice production application of pectinases,
amylases and proteases.
• Naturally in the fruit ripening process.
• Helps to soften the fruit cell walls
• To reduce the viscosity of the material.
Food Industry
This results in
• Increased juice yield (fruits 15%-20%).
• Decreased filtration times, up to 50%.
• Clarification and cloud stabilization of juice and juice
concentrates
• Decreased risk of jellification
• Gene silencing
Bakers industry
• The Federation of Bakers represents the interests of the UK’s largest baking companies
• It is a £3.5 billion industry at retail sales value • Employing 20,000 people supplying the
majority of the nation’s bread. • The Federation has 9 member companies
running 33 bakeries in the United Kingdom.
• Potassium bromate, a suspected cancer causing agent at certain levels.
• Added as a preservative and a dough strengthening agent.
• Genetically enhanced microorganisms produces baking enzymes to
• Enhance rising Strengthen dough. • Prolong freshness • Reduces CO2 emissions in grain production, milling
and baking and transportation
Cosmetics Industry
• Mineral oil and petroleum jelly from fossil
sources used as ingredients
• High toxicity products and byproducts
• No therapeutic values
• Irritation
• Contains carcinogens
Cosmeceutical Cosmeceutical refers to cosmetic
products that claim to have drug-like benefits. • Typically, anti-aging creams and moisturizers
enjoy the label. • How much some people are willing to spend to
maintain a youthful glow is Crème de La Mer. • It costs $100 per day. • Collagen production and antioxidants.• Artificial skin
Biopolymer (natural Plastic)
Other industries • Mining industry • Forestry industry • Timber industry • Pharmaceutical industry • Waste recycling industry • Agriculture industry • Packaging industry
Etc
References • https://www.bio.org/sites/default/files/ConsumerProducts060409.pdf• http://biotech-careers.org/job-areas/cosmetics• https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=(such+as+NatureWorks
%E2%80%99+Ingeo&oq=(such+as+NatureWorks%E2%80%99+Ingeo+&aqs=chrome..69i57.939j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=such+as+NatureWorks%E2%80%99+Ingeo
• http://www.natureworksllc.com/News-and-Events/Press-Releases/2015/07-22-15-Ingeo-Biopolymer-Life-Cycle-Assessment
• http://www.biocom.iastate.edu/workshop/2012workshop/presentations/bopp.pdf
• https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=industrial+biotechnology&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEyfe-utfLAhUiCpoKHXPwAeEQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=pnK2lsD2FRLEAM%3A
• http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/4324/microbial-transformation-of-natural-products
• http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00075/full
• https://www.bio.org/category/biopharmaceutical-manufacturing-distribution• https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/jrc_reference_report_200704_biotech.pdf• http://www.biotechonweb.com/Application-of-biotech-in-Agriculture.html• http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/bio-3.pdf• https://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/agricultural_biotechnology/download/
Agricultural_Biotechnology.pdf• file:///C:/Users/worldlinks/Desktop/9783540233121-c1.pdf• https://www.bio.org/sites/default/files/pollutionprevn.pdf• https://www.google.com.pk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-
8#q=biotech%20in%20sloving%20problems%20of%20paper%20industry• http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/BFb0102079#page-1• http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2FBFb0102070• http://www.tappsa.co.za/archive/Journal_papers/Applications_of_biotechnology/
applications_of_biotechnology.html• https://www.google.com.pk/search?
q=biostoning&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrvKbRydfLAhXiYpoKHSK3C9wQ_AUIBigB&dpr=1#imgrc=_
• http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotech/1947629.pdf• http://www.slideshare.net/KodyAmburgey/biotechnology-industry-analysis• chrome://newtab/
Thanks to all who say “No” to me because of them I did it myself. Khan