NNIN Nanotechnology Education Creating and Testing Silver ...
Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network ...
-
Upload
piers-andrews -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network ...
![Page 1: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biosensors
NNIN Document: NNIN-1245Rev: 03/2012
National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network www.nnin.orgCopyright Georgia Institute of Technology 2011Permission granted for printing and copying for local classroom use without modificationDeveloped by Samantha Andrews Development and distribution partially funded by the National Science Foundation
![Page 2: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are biosensors?
• Devices that analyze biological samples to better understand structure and function and for diagnostics
• Uses for biosensors– Molecule analysis (DNA and proteins)– Food safety– Diagnostics– Medical monitoring– Detection of biological weapons– Rapid analysis and detection
![Page 3: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of biosensors
• Electrochemical
• Temperature sensitive
• Photosensitive
• Pressure sensitive
• Motion sensitive
• Chemical sensitive
![Page 4: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Common biosensors
• Blood glucose monitors
• Heart and blood pressure monitors
• Pacemakers
• HIV and pregnancy tests
![Page 5: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
History of Biosensors
Dr. Leland Clark Jr “Father of the biosensor”
• First described in 1962 by Dr. Leland Clark
• 1969 a sensor was invented to detect urea
• 1972 the first glucose biosensor commercialized by Yellow Springs Instruments
![Page 6: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How biosensors work
Sample (blood, saliva, DNA, proteins)
![Page 7: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Biosensors
• Advantages– Rapid detection– Small volumes of samples needed– Can be used by the patient (blood glucose monitor)
• Disadvantages– Cost– May require expertise to use– Sample collection can be painful
![Page 8: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Market Size of Biosensors• $7.3 Billion in 2003• $10.2 Billion in 2007 with a growth rate of about 10.4%
![Page 9: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Closer Look
• Blood glucose monitor
• Lab on a chip
![Page 10: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Diabetes
• Metabolic disease characterized by lack of insulin production (Type I)
• Without insulin, cells cannot use glucose for energy
• Can be treated by frequent monitoring and insulin injections
• Death will occur if untreated
![Page 11: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Blood glucose monitors
• Used by diabetics to measure blood glucose concentration
• Helps patients determine their insulin dose
• Uses electrochemistry for detection
![Page 12: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How does it work?
100 mg/dLBlood glucose concentration
• Glucose in the blood and oxygen in the air reacts with glucose oxidase on the testing strip to produce gluconic acid
• The gluconic acid reacts with ferricyanide on the testing strip to produce ferrocyanide.
• The ferrocyanide reacts with the electricity generated by the meter to produce a blood glucose reading
![Page 13: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Glucose test strips
Bloodsample
![Page 14: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Lab-on-a-chip
• Micro-size device that is used to manipulate and analyze– Cells– Proteins– DNA– Gene expression– Chemical reactions
![Page 15: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lab-on-a-chip devices
• Reduces the need to have several devices
• Uses small sample size
• Rapid results
• Used for chemical reactions and mixing liquids
![Page 16: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Summary
• Biosensors are devices that analyze biological samples for structure, function, and diagnostics
• Can detect pressure, temperature, and chemical changes
• Examples include blood glucose monitors, lab-on-a-chip, and pacemakers
![Page 17: Biosensors NNIN Document: NNIN-1245 Rev: 03/2012 National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network Copyright Georgia Institute of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649dbf5503460f94ab34f8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
References• http://www.etsia.upv.es/Internacional/Seminarios/Curso%2006_07/sesion7/Biosensors.pdf
• http://nanohub.org/resources/2261/download/nanobiotechnology%20and%20biosensors.pdf
• http://i00.i.aliimg.com/photo/v0/107772874/VocalPoint_Talking_Blood_Glucose_Meter.jpg
• http://effectsofhighbloodpressure.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Blood-Pressure-Monitor-Reviews.jpg
• http://www.women-health-info.com/images/pregnancy-test.jpg
• http://www.daviddarling.info/images/pacemaker.jpg
• Biosensor and Bioelectronics (2006, 21, 1403-1404)
• http://www.triadsci.com/pics/2936.jpg
• http://eldergadget.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/300px-blood_glucose_testing-ultra-2.jpg
• http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~yokoyama/images/biosensor.gif
• http://www.personalcarenow.com/images/1195401227-17482_full.jpg
• http://photos.demandstudios.com/25/135/fotolia_3197067_XS.jpg
• http://img.directindustry.com/images_di/photo-g/lab-on-a-chip-loc-243049.jpg
• http://www.insulinsdirect.com/images/humalog.jpg
• http://smmhc.adam.com/graphics/images/en/19914.jpg
• http://www.sensorsmag.com/files/sensor/nodes/2010/7640/Figure2_0.gif
• http://electrochem.cwru.edu/encycl/art-g01-glucose.htm
• http://www.aml.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/emulsion/micro_channel_e.html
• http://www.valuemedical.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/5e06319eda06f020e43594a9c230972d/O/n/One-Touch-Ultra2-Blood-Glucose-Monitor_1.jpg
• http://www.gene-quantification.de/loab-on-chip.png
• http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/feature/10-00/feature_graphics/04_ProteinLabChip.jpg
• http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/06_01/Injection0406_468x699.jpg