Biorefinery enables cost effective feedstocks Groene chemie, Rotterdam, 1 November 2011 Johan...
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Transcript of Biorefinery enables cost effective feedstocks Groene chemie, Rotterdam, 1 November 2011 Johan...
Biorefinery enables cost effective feedstocksGroene chemie, Rotterdam, 1 November 2011
Johan SandersProfessor Valorisation of Plant Production ChainsWageningen University and Research center
Qualitative example of Biorefinery Rotterdam (700PJ)
cornwheatcornwheat
cassava chipscassava chips
diesel fueldiesel fuel
DDGSDDGS
soybeansrapeseedjatropha seed
soybeansrapeseedjatropha seed
Medium protein 1st residues- DDGSMedium protein 1st residues- DDGS
starchstarch C6 sugarsC6 sugars
oiloil
glycerolglycerol
biodieselbiodiesel
press cake(high protein)press cake(high protein)
proteinprotein
lignocellulose(LC)lignocellulose(LC)
C6 sugarsC6 sugars
C5 sugarsC5 sugars
O-chemicalsO-chemicals
fermentationproductsfermentationproducts
ligninlignin
animal feedanimal feed
N-chemicalsN-chemicals
fuel ethanolfuel ethanol
lactic acidlactic acid
49.6 Mt raw materials converted to:- fuels 5.5 + 6 + 1 = 12.5 Mt- chemicals 2 + 2 + 2.5 + 0.5 + 1 + 1.5 = 9.5 Mt- animal feed 2 Mt- syngas 3 Mt- electricity 3800 MW
electr.electr.
plant oilsplant oils
ethanolethanol
ethyleneethylene
propylenepropylene
fuel ethanolfuel ethanol
ethanolethanol
15
8
4
3
9
6
5
18
3
6
1.2
6
glycerolglycerol 0.6
0.6
0.6 methanol
6
18
11
torrefied LCpyrolysis oiltorrefied LCpyrolysis oil
7
2
0.5
0.5
2
2
5.5
2.5
0.5
10 syngassyngas
5
6
2
13.5
5
1.5
2
1.5
1.5
1
3
3800 MW
3000 MW
800 MW
3
1.5
2
2
O
D
D
D
O
R
R
O
O
O’
O’
O
O: operation D: development R: research
From side stream to bulk product
Text: 28 pt Arial Unicode MS, not bold this is 24 pt, sizes have been tested
Accentuation colours test and surfaces: Main colours: petroleum blue and green Supporting colours: orange-yellow and orange
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Different options for optimisation of agricultural waste streams
Protein content 0 5 % 15 % 35 % 50 %
ExamplesWheat straw
Cocoa husks
Corn stover
Sugarcane leaves
Coffee pulp
Rape straw
Beet leaves
Rape meal Soy meal
Costs(€/ton) 50-80 50-110 100-140 150-180 300-350
Value (€/ton) as raw material:
electricity 85 80 80 75 75
ethanol 25-50 25-50 25-50 15-30 10-20
ethanol + protein 25-50 45-70 105-130 175-190 250-260
idem + hemicell.+ lignin 70 100 145 195 260
idem + hemicell.+ minerals 75 110 155 205 265
The route to NMP, new vs conventionalNew route
Conventional route
Glutamic acid NMP
N O
CH3
Biomass NH2 COOH
COOH
NH2 COOH+ CH3OH- CO2
hydrolysis,separation
enzyme,
30 oC
cat,
250 oC
O O
CH3NH2
OHHO
- H2OHHO
+ H2
CH2
OCH3OH
+
200-350 oC
100 bar
cat,
180-240 oC
Gascat,
90-150 oC
N2 + 3 H2 NH3
+ CH3OHcat
300-550 oC
150-250 bar
cat
400 oC
N O
CH3
cat,
80 oC
Amino acids contain N and O.
Less steps (= factories) & energy for the same product!
step 1 step 2
N-ergy Wasteaspartic + arginin
Chemicals
Food
Multiproduct second generation biorefinaryIncome per tonne rape meal (€/ton)
Product Mass Income €
Protein 300 240
Amino acids 100 30
Animal feed 200 100
Ethanol (200) (20)
Fibres 100 20
PO4 20 10
Lignocellulose 200 10
Total 920 330-410
Costs rape meal = 180 €/tonne
Integrated production of chemicals & powerRape meal
Protein + K
Agricultural residues
NaOH
Ca(OH)2
95 °C
1 day
Fibres
Amino acids
Lignocellulose
Amino acids +
phosphate
Recalc.lignocellulose
Ca(lactate)2
heat
Ferm
Ca(lactate) 2
Recalcitrant Lignocellulose
CaO
Heat
Cellulase
Ferm
Ethanol
CHP
Prec
ElectricityWaste paper/CaCO3
BBE parc Cuijk & Renkum
36 kton glutamic acid H2N
OH
COOH
O 23 kton NMP
(~2500 € / ton)
=58 M€/y
500 Million liters bioethanol
(~ 400 kton) =200M€
360 kton DDGS (~130 € / ton) =46M€
Biobased NMP, an example
Our daily food needs a twenty fold higher energy input
NL fossil 3.300 PJ
EU fossil 85.000 PJ
Dutch Agriculture 475
Net Import160
Greenhouses/Food 100
Transportion Food
Other Agriculture 60
Household 165
Food Industry150
2500 kcal/day = 55 PJ
100
Biomass
NL 635 PJ
EU 20.000 PJ
Fossil
NL 575 PJ
EU 20.000 PJ
EU 1.800 PJ
Development of Dutch BbE can be build on Dutch pilars: Agriculture, Chemistry, Ports.
1980/1995 6 Mton soy
cake
2007/2015 5 Mton wheat
compound feed
compound feed
compound feed
chemicals (100.000 ton/aa)
lys, trp, thr, met
glu, asp, ser
accessable lignocellulose
electricity 50 PJ
ethanol
2007/2015 3 Mton rape
seed
lignocellulose
1 Mton protein
lignocellulose
2 Mton protein
manure
50 PJ ethanol
50 PJ biodiesel
N, P, K
N, P, K
fertilizer
From side stream to bulk product
Text: 28 pt Arial Unicode MS, not bold this is 24 pt, sizes have been tested
Accentuation colours test and surfaces: Main colours: petroleum blue and green Supporting colours: orange-yellow and orange
Start: via menu Insert, New Slide Save: always with option Embed True Type
Glutamic acid – industrial raw material
Diaminobutane
Acrylonitrile
N-Methylpyrrolidone
N-Vinylpyrrolidone
Glutamic acid
H2N COOH
COOH
NWO-ACTS (ASPECT)
Glutamic acid in byproduct streamsAmino acids in residual proteins
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Maiz
e DDGS
Whe
at D
DGS
Sugar
beet
vina
sse
Sugar
cane
vina
sse
Rapes
eed
mea
l
Soybe
an m
eal
Jatro
pha
mea
l
Palmoil
mea
l
Chlore
lla m
icroa
lgae
Ala
Pro
Glu
Asp
Tyr
Phe
Ser
Gly
Arg
His
Val
Leu
Ile
Trp
Thr
Cys
Met
Lys
Output(kton/y)
Investment(M€)
Turnover(M€/y)
Investment/ton(€)
Turnover/investment(€/€)
Neste Oil 800 760 480 950 0.63
2nd generation ethanol
175 300 87 1700 0.30
2nd generation multi product
30 15 12 500 0.8
Small scale can be competitive