Biopsychosocial model of disease
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BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF DISEASE
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Human Disease: Three Models
Medical Model
Epidemiological Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Human Disease
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Medical Model
Emphasis on medical treatment You’re either healthy or you’re not.
Missing important dimensions of health Psychology and Social aspect are separate Address disease but may not consider
quality of life (QOL)
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OECD Health Data
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Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011
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Medical Model continued
By medical model standards…. U.S. should have the best health and
longest life expectancy.
Picture source: onefoundation.org
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Epidemiological Model
Host
AgentEnvironme
nt
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Problems with disease models
Individuals
Picture Source: google images
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Problems
Families
Picture source: Google images
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Problems
Natural Disasters
Picture Source: Google images
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Problems
Pollution
Picture Source: Google images
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Problems
Poverty
Picture source: Google images
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Problems
Picture source: Google images
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Biopsychosocial Model
Health (and illness) are caused/influenced by many factors. Mind and body are not separate Relationships are significant to health
Health is on a continuum
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Implications
Consider biological, psychological, and social factors
Relationships are significant to health Patient and doctor Patient and family, friends, others
Keep people healthy rather than wait to treat them when they become ill.
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Challenges
Poverty as underlying issue Lack of resources, education
Behavior and/or lifestyle Misuse of antibiotics Gaps in immunizations Lack of access to healthcare New diseases and re-emerging strains
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Biopsychosocial Model of Disease
Biology•Age, sex
•Disease state•Genetics/heredity
•Physical symptoms
•Meds/drugs/addiction
Psychology•Attitudes/beliefs
•Mood state•Behaviors•Religiosity/spirituality
Social•Support:
formal/informal•Roles:
work/family/peers•Physician-patient
relationship•Socioeconomic
status
Environment•School/work place
•Church•Social norms / cultural
norms•Community / Health
services•Neighborhoods / National
economy•Mass media•Policy / laws
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Example: DiabetesBiology
•Diabetes•No family history
•Skin bumps, fuzzy vision, fatigue, burning feet, pruritis, erectile
dysfunction•Agent Orange
exposure
Psychology•“It’s always in the back of my mind”
•Guilt: can’t work as much
•Depression, stress•“I just miss eating
junk”
Social•Marriage suffering
•Doesn’t trust doctor (non-compliant)
•Boss did not promote
•Can’t play with grandkids
Environment•Healthcare at VA, has to
travel •Diabetes class offered•Fast food everywhere;
supersized portions•2nd hand smoke triggers
desire to smoke•Cultural norm –
embarrassed by weight•Gov’t will not compensate for agent orange exposure
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Example: Fibromyalgia
Biology•Female•Fatigue
•Joint stiffness•Tender points
•Widespread aches
Psychology•Depression
•Information seeker•Difficult to get
motivated•Uses stress
management
Social•Supportive
friends/family members
•However, husband is not very supportive
•Work role is stressful
•Teaches water aerobics
Environment•Good access to health care•Environment is conducive
to exercise•She tries to surround herself with a healthy
environment.