Biomolecules Molecules of Life. What is a Biomolecule? Any Molecule that is created by a living...
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Transcript of Biomolecules Molecules of Life. What is a Biomolecule? Any Molecule that is created by a living...
What is a Biomolecule? Any Molecule that
is created by a living organism
All of our food is made of biomolecules
Carbohydrates Made of Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Identifiers Hydrogen:Oxygen
ratio is 2:1 Basic Form is a
ring
Three Basic Types of Carbohydrates Monosaccharide-
Simple Sugar Example: Glucose Single Carbon
Ring –C6H12O6
Test: Benedicts Ready to be used
by body. No digestion required.
Building a monosaccharide Look in the text book at a picture
of a glucose molecule.(page 37) Use your text to help you draw a
picture of your model
Three Basic Types of Carbohydrates Disaccharide-
Complex sugars Example: Sucrose Two Carbon Rings-
2(C6H12O6) Test: Benedicts Digested with
pancreatic enzymes in small intestine in duodenum
Building a disaccharide Look in the book. What type of
reaction occurs when two monosaccharides are joined together? (page 38)
What type of molecule is released? Draw a picture of a disaccharide
Three Basic Types of Carbohydrates Polysaccharides:
Starches Example: Pasta, rice,
bread, potatoes Three or more
carbon rings(usually over 100)
Test: Lugols Digested with saliva
and pancreatic enzymes
Three Basic Types of Carbohydrates All are created by
plants through process of photosynthesis
Uses- Food source for all animals
Proteins Made of Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, also contain Nitrogen
Identifier: NH2 and COOH functional groups
Infinite Variety- Made from
combinations of 20 different amino acids
Proteins Test- Ninhydrin,
and Buirets Origin – Protein
Synthesis Uses – Forms
tissue of all plants and animals
Proteins Provides amino
acids for our body to carry out protein synthesis
Digestion- Begins in stomach with HCl, completed in small intestine with pancreatic enzymes
From the textbook Look up amino acids and proteins
(page 42-43) What type of reaction occurs when
two amino acids combine to form a di-peptide (protein)?
How is this similar to the formation of a disaccharide?
Fats – Two Types Made of Carbon,
Hydrogen and Oxygen
Identifier- Hydrogen/oxgen ratio is greater than 2:1
Test- Brown paper bag – see oily spot
Fats – Two Types Saturated
Example: Butter All Carbon bonds
are single (saturated with hydrogen)
Test- Solid at room temperature
Fats – Two Types Unsaturated
Example: olive oil, canola oil
Some carbon bonds are double (not saturated with hydrogen)
Test- Liquid at room temperature
Fats – Two Types Origin- Built by
liver from excess glucose for long term storage
Glycerol molecule bonds with 3 fatty acids
Fats – Two Types Uses:
Store energy Insulation Lubrication Cell membrane
Broken down with bile in small intestine, then digested by pancreatic enzymes
Look at the models of Fatty acids?
What do you notice about the stability of the two molecules?
From your observations, why are unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature?
Mystery Food You are a forensic scientist who
has discovered a mystery food product at the scene of a crime.
You take it back to the laboratory to determine what it is made from.
Use the information in your notes to design an experiment to determine which biomolecules are present
Mystery Food Note the directions with each
experiment. How will you determine how to
interpret the results? We will be writing a WASL style
application write-up
CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
Challenge: What biomolecules are in the unknown?
Rules: What are Biomolecules? What are the chemical differences between them? Write this information from your notes.
Gather information: What tests can be used to identify each type of biomolecule? Write this from your notes.
Safety: Eye protection when using hotplate
CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace Explore ideas: Try each indicator with
each of the various known biomolecules to see what they look like. Follow Directions for each indicator.
Make a data table to record your data
Data TableRecord color/observations with:
Benedicts Fehlings Lugols Ninhydrin Buirets Brn pap.
Glucose
Sucrose
Starch
Gelatin
MSG
Now determine the Unknown Plan Summary: Describe how you will
determine the unknown? Provide step by step description of your
experiment List all materials you will need to solve
the problem Check off ___Have someone read your
application to be sure it is complete
CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
Test Solution: Carry out your tests. What will you do for repetition?
Test Results: Set up a data table to record all reaction results with the unknown
Description of Actual Results: Describe the color reactions you got on the mystery powder with each test. How do they compare with the results with the known biomolecules?
CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace Conclusion: What will you report
to the D.A. about the mystery powder? What information will you use to be persuasive?
CSI: Mysery Powder to Trace What is one feature of your test
that gives you confidence in your results?
What is another feature of your test that makes you unsure of your results?
Understanding Biomolecules Biomolecules contain energy we need to
live! Make a diagram that shows the energy
transfers that occur in the life of a monosaccharide: Begin with the sun.
Show both where energy is transferred, and what types of energy transfers are involved. Remember there are light, thermal, chemical, and mechanical energy transfers.