Biometric smart card polling system12
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Transcript of Biometric smart card polling system12
BIOMETRIC SMART CARD POLLING
SYSTEM - A Project Report
Guided By , Ms.K.Vadivukkarasi Assistant Professor (O.G) RTOS and CAN
Prepared By ,
AMS.SYED ADBUL CADER(Reg.No:10406203)
N.SIVAKUMAR (Reg.No:10406199)
M.VAZHVANDI (Reg.No:10406205)
Introduction: Now-a-days, the technologies in electronics has brought modernization and as intervention to
face human difficulty. Especially when considering the currently used voting system has flaws in system by
means of Security, Casting Vote anywhere, and also manpower involved in counting the votes. This
motivated as to design Voting System which incorporates technologies like Biometric and RFID Reader to
get a interface with user.
Abstract:
The main objective of our project is to render user interface system with easy way of voting system and also in
addition to that it provides safe and secured system thus by preventing unauthorized person to cast the vote. The project
involves finger print sensor to authenticate user , RFID card to identify user and display information to user using LCD
display. The information about user casting the vote is stored in EEPROM and also to retrieve the data for processing
the votes. The entire process of communication between the each devices is done by microcontroller which does
manipulation data which is fed into it. The main theme of this project is to use existing ATM as voting machines with
secured voting system.
Each ATM machine will additionally be fitted with a finger print sensor and RFID reader. During the voting
period the user has to place RFID card near the reader, the micro controller will identify and display the information
about the user using LCD , and ask him to authenticate the user by placing his finger in the finger print sensor. A list will
be displayed in the LCD, indicating the number of candidates contesting in the poll. The user has to cast his vote by
pressing corresponding number of a candidate. After the voting the LCD will display the successful casting of vote.
When ever the user try to cast the second time, the LCD will display a warning message informing that the vote is
already casted.
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM: RFID – RADIO FREQUENCY:
RFID tags, along with sensors and microprocessors are transforming everyday objects into
those that are smart and interactive. When you add the Internet into the mix, what you get is Silent
Commerce, with objects communicating directly and monetary transactions taking place. RFID tags allow
you to scan and keep track of items from the factory to the consumer; identify merchandise authenticity;
traces items of inventory; helps to prevent theft and piracy; and act to monitor product environmental
conditions
89s52
BIOMETRIC FINGER
PRINT SENSOR
ALARM INDICATION
LCD DISPLAY
EEPROM
RFID READER
KEYPAD
POWER SUPPLY
RFID Consisted of:
Magnetic Coil RF Receiver Serial output
Card Consisted of:
RF Antenna Chip RF Transmiter
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
RFID Module and Principle of working:
RFID Reader Module, are also called as interrogators. They convert radio waves returned from
the RFID tag into a form that can be passed on to Controllers, which can make use of it. RFID tags and
readers have to be tuned to the same frequency in order to communicate. RFID systems use many different
frequencies, but the most common and widely used & supported by our Reader is 125kHz frequency range.
An RFID system consists of two separate components: a tag and a reader. Tags are analogous to
barcode labels, and come in different shapes and sizes. The tag contains an antenna connected to a small
microchip containing up to two kilobytes of data. The reader, or scanner, functions similarly to a barcode
scanner; however, while a barcode scanner uses a laser beam to scan the barcode, an RFID scanner uses
electromagnetic waves. To transmit these waves, the scanner uses an antenna that transmits a signal,
communicating with the tags antenna. The tags antenna receives data from the scanner and transmits its
particular chip information to the .The data on the chip is usually stored in one of two types of memory. The
most common is Read-Only Memory (ROM); as its name suggests, read-only memory cannot be altered
once programmed onto the chip during the manufacturing process. The second type of memory is
Read/Write Memory; though it is also programmed during the manufacturing process, it can later be altered
by certain devices.
The RFID tag consists of a powered or non powered microchip and an antenna. The three different
types of tag. Passive tags are the simplest, smallest and cheapest version of an RFID tag as they do not
contain a built-in power source and consequently cannot initiate communication with a reader. As the
available power from the reader field diminishes rapidly with distance, passive tags have practical read
ranges that vary up to 10 mm to above 5 mm. Semi-passive tags have built-in batteries and do not require
energy from the reader field to power the microchip. This allows them to function with much lower signal
power levels and act over greater distances.
FLOW CHART:
Serial communication It is the process of transmitting data bits one by one serially, i.e. only one line is used for serial
communication. For e.g. 8051 is a 8 bit MC, if 8 bits of data is transmitted at a time in 8 line it is called
parallel communication. If the 8 bits are transmitted one bit at time in one line it is called serial
communication. UART is a device used for converting parallel to serial and vice versa.
8051 MC has two lines for performing serial communication. TXD pin for transmitting data and
RXD pin for receiving data. Serial communication can be used to communicate with computer, GSM
MODEM, GPS etc. Serial communication is performed for long distance communication with cheap cost.
8051 MC operates on TTL logic that is 0 to 5v; so in order to communicate with other serial devices
it should also be compatible in voltage that is 0 to 5v. A GSM modem & GPS are TTL compatible devices so
they can be directly interfaced with 8051 MC. Serial communications with computer cannot be directly
performed since a computer operates on different voltage logic called RS232 (RS- Recommended Standard).
It has operating voltage of -3 to –25 to logic 1 and +3 to +25 for logic 0 and the port used for communication
is called serial port. If we connect a 8051 directly to the serial port it may damage our MC so in order for
making voltage compatibility we are using a voltage converter IC called MAX232. It converts RS232 logic
to TTL logic and vice versa. It operates on +5v.
In order to obtain high voltage for RS 232 logic, voltage doublers circuits are used. The capacitors
are used for voltage doubling.
In order to transmit data to PC, RXD pin of MC is connected to pin number 10 or 11 of max 232
IC, the output pin 7 or 14 is connected RX, pin2 of the serial port and vice versa for transmitting. The
connector used for connecting serial data bus to the computer is called „DB9‟ connector (DB- data Bus). We
are using a connection called null modem connection in which only three pins are used such as RXD [Pin2],
TXD [pin3] & GND [pin5].
LCD- LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY:
LCD stands for liquid crystal display, it is a output device used for displaying alphanumeric
characters. It is a 16-pin device, which is, separated in to 8 data lines, 3 control lines, 2 power supply lines, 2
lines for back light and last line for contrast adjusting. LCD as a in built memory which is used to store data
which as to be displayed which can also be read back. The LCD is differentiated based on lines present, for
e.g. 1X16, 2X16, 4X16 etc. The 1X16 means that the LCD as 1 line with 16 characters can be displayed and
similarly for other displays.
A LCD has two registers named command register and data register. The data register is used to
display data in LCD, for e.g. to display data “one” in LCD the data‟s should be written in the data register.
There are different types of commands like „clear screen, cursor blink, start data from first line, start data
from second line (each command is represented by its own hex code) etc., which should be written in the
command register. In order to display the data “one”, it‟s corresponding ASCII values should be written in
the data register.
Control lines:
VCC & led+
8 data lines
Preset
Contrast
3 control lines pin
LCD
8051
Pin Description: PIN Symbol Level I/O function Function(4-bit mode) Function(8-bit mode)
1 Vss - - Powersuppiy(gnd) Powersuppiy(gnd)
2 VCC - - Powersuppiy(+5V) Powersuppiy(+5V)
3 vee - - Contract adjust Contract adjust
4 Rs 0/1 I 0=instruction 1 = data 0=instruction 1 = data
5 R/W 0/1 I 0 = Write to 1=Read from
LCD
0 = Write to 1=Read from
LCD
6 E 1 - 0 I Enable signal Enable signal
7 D0 0/1 I/O not used Data bus line 0 (LSB)
8 D2 0/1 I/O not used Data bus line 1
9 D3 0/1 I/O not used Data bus line 2
10 D4 0/1 I/O not used Data bus line 3
11 D5 0/1 I/O Data bus line 0 (LSB) and 4 Data bus line 4
12 D6 0/1 I/O Data bus line 1 and 5 Data bus line 5
13 D7 0/1 I/O Data bus line 2 and 6 Data bus line 6
14 D8 0/1 I/O Data bus line 3 and 7 (MSB) Data bus line 7
A LCD has only one data bus for both data and command. So in order to differentiate between data
and register a control line called RS (register select) is used. If RS is given the value „1‟ the data is given to
the LCD, else if RS is given „0‟ the command is given to the LCD.
R/W (read/write) is a control line, which is used to inform LCD that a data is written to or read from
LCD. For example if R/W is given the value „1‟ it means that the data is read from LCD and if R/W is „0‟
then the data is written to the LCD. E(enable) is a control line, which is used to inform LCD that a data or
command is present in the data bus of LCD.
CONCLUSION: ATM is the most exciting development in communications ever. Its development is a risk that
offers big rewards; ATM has the potential to be the technology that provides huge bandwidths at low
cost if the hurdles can be overcome.