BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Allison McArton, Grant Smith,

Padraic Casserly, Angwei Law

TYPES OF ENGINEERING AT UW- MADISON Biomedical Engineering: BME

Chemical Engineering: CBE

Civil Engineering: CEE

Computer Engineering: CompE

Electrical Engineering: ECE

Engineering Mechanics: EM

Engineering Physics: EP

Geological Engineering: GLE

Industrial and Systems Engineering: ISyE

Materials Science and Engineering: MS&E

Mechanical Engineering: ME

Nuclear Engineering: NE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Most Common Improve efficiency Some divisions include: Automotive Robotics Machine design Manufacturing industries

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Chemistry focus Converting raw materials to usable forms

Oil Hydrogen Power

COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Combines electrical engineering and computer science

Both software and hardware design

Examples Microprocessors PCs Circuit design

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Another major type of engineering

Electronics Power Control systems Signaling Processing

OTHER TYPES

Civil Engineering Geological Engineering Engineering Mechanics/Physics Industrial Materials Science

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FOCUSES

Biomechanics Mechanics of the human body Joints, flows (blood, lymphatic, etc.), impacts

Bioinstrumentation Electronics and circuitry to monitor biology

Neuroengineering Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Biological aspects of engineering

Stem cells, biological interactions with materials

Stented Porcine

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FOCUSES

Medical Imaging MRI, PET, CAT, X-ray, ultrasound, etc.

Useful for diagnosis and functional understanding

Healthcare systems and Medical Informatics The union of medicine and lots of data

Improves security, efficiency, safety, response time

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CAREERS

Pharmaceuticals Tylenol, Prozac, etc. Laboratory testing, FDA standards

Biomedical Devices Pacemakers, imaging devices, dialysis machines

Medtronic, GE Healthcare Biologics (Vaccines, Cell Therapies, Tissue Replacements, etc.) Implants, prosthetics Usually smaller companies (ex. Norman Noble, Inc.)

WHAT CAN I DO WITH A BME DEGREE?

Expect to look for a job BS Degree

General engineering jobs from large companies

Graduate school Other experiences (some small co.’s, going abroad)

Masters Complements other undergraduate degrees well Entry level jobs relate to undergrad degree

PhD/ Post Doc. Academia Specialized industry positions

CURRENT EVENTS IN BME

Dutch scientists have grown pork meat in laboratory

Used stem cells from pig which replicate to form muscle cells, myoblasts

Muscle cells incubated in a nutrient-filled solution, which encouraged them to replicate

Resulting muscle is 80% similar to pork muscle

Advocates say that in-vitro meat is better for humans, animals, and the environment

Tissue Engineering

Source: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article6936352.ece

CURRENT EVENTS IN BME

Researchers have grown a beating heart in a jar

Used detergents to remove cardiac cells from a rat heart, leaving only the connective tissue

Then implanted the stripped heart with cardiac cells from a different rat and allowed them to repopulate into a fully functional heart

Tissue Engineering

• Could be used for humans without risk of immune response

Source: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v14/n2/abs/nm1684.html

CURRENT EVENTS IN BME

Retinal prosthesis to provide sight for patients blinded from outer retinal degeneration

Device comprised of: Tiny, glasses-mounted video camera

Radio transmitter/receiver

Electrode-studded array

Battery pack on belt

Bioinstrumentation

Source: http://www.upgradeyourbody.com/images/stories/senses/artificial%20retina%20project.jpg

OUR DESIGN PROJECT

Liquid medication delivery system Engineering World Health (EWH) National Design Competition

Cost effective bottle-top dispenser Sterilely deliver fixed doses of nevirapine

Nevirapine reduces mother-to-child transmission of HIV

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Dispense 0.6 mL (± 0.05 mL) of medicine

Accurately deliver 400 doses; operable for 6 months

Seal medicine bottle and prevent contamination

Cost less than $2.00

DESIGN PROCESS

Contact client; determine design specifications

Do literature research Brainstorm ideas Evaluate design alternatives; select the best one

Obtain materials Construct prototype Test the prototype Make necessary modifications; test again

PREVIOUS PROTOTYPE

Simple to use, but too expensive

syringe

clamp 1

clamp 2

Bottle cap with hole drilled into it to pass tubing through

Two clamps to control liquid flow

Syringe to draw up and dispense medicine

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volkswagen_W16.jpg

http://www.mytonygreen.com/images/j0400425.jpg

http://fc05.deviantart.com/fs42/f/2009/135/b/1/Computer_Inside_by_Dragonfanatic.jpg

http://www2.synapse.ne.jp/haya/ghstivi/ghs15circuit.gif