BIOMECHANICS PROJECT: Corrective Gait Analysis
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BIOMECHANICS PROJECT: Corrective Gait Analysis ALAN DION KH 7510 NOVEMBER 29, 2007
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BIOMECHANICS PROJECT: Corrective Gait Analysis. ALAN DION KH 7510 NOVEMBER 29, 2007. INTRODUCTION. STUDY THE GAIT OF A MAN UNABLE TO READILY DORSIFLEX HIS RIGHT FOOT DUE TO DAMAGE TO CERVICAL AREA AND NERVES (HEMIPLEGIA) STUDY ALTERNATE ADAPTIVE/CORRECTIVE GAITS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of BIOMECHANICS PROJECT: Corrective Gait Analysis
BIOMECHANICS PROJECT:Corrective Gait Analysis
ALAN DIONKH 7510
NOVEMBER 29, 2007
INTRODUCTIONSTUDY THE GAIT OF A MAN UNABLE TO
READILY DORSIFLEX HIS RIGHT FOOT DUE TO DAMAGE TO CERVICAL AREA AND NERVES (HEMIPLEGIA)
STUDY ALTERNATE ADAPTIVE/CORRECTIVE GAITS
USING DARTFISH AND FORCE PLATE DATA TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS ON PREFERRAL CORRECTIVE GAIT
INTRODUCTIONUSE OF BIOMECHANICS TO CORRECT
PATHOLOGICAL BODY MOVEMENTS
CONSIDERABLE RESEARCH ON CORRECTING PATHOLOGICAL GAITS USING PROTHESES AND ORTHOTICS
LESS RESEARCH ON REVISING GAIT ITSELF
RESEARCHChu, T.M & Reddy, N.P. (1995). Stress distribution in
the ankle-foot orthosis is used to correct pathological gait. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 32(4), 349-60.Abnormal motion of the ankle-foot complex is a
common problem in stroke victims, who often develop drop foot, involving excessive and uncontrolled plantar flexion. Using an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) the researchers modeled the GRFs to study the stress distribution in the AFO during the stance phase of gait. Results showed significant stress concentrations in the AFO in heel and neck regions, with maximum compressive stress during heel contact.
RESEARCHBurridge, J.H., et al. (2001). Indices to describe
different muscle activation patterns, identified during treadmill walking, in people with spastic foot drop. Medical Engineering & Physics, 23(6), 427-34.The study involved individuals unable to dorsiflex due
to lesions of CNS, such as hemiplegia following stroke. The researchers tested subjects with hemiplegia against age-matched unimpaired individuals for treadmill walking. Results showed more dissimilarity in calf activation between the impaired and unimpaired subjects in push-off and early stance than in TA during swing, but the hemiplegic subjects lacked the second peak of activity in initial foot contact.
RESEARCHBurridge, J.H. & McLellan, D.H. (2000). Relation
between abnormal patterns of muscle activation and response to common peroneal nerve stimulation in hemiplegia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 69(3), 353-62.Researchers used functional electrical stimulation of the
peroneal nerve in 18 stroke patients with drop foot and 12 unimpaired subjects. Results showed that patients with the worst control of ankle movement had the best improvement, while those with mechanical resistance to passive movement who had more normal activation responded less well. This supported the hypothesis that stimulation of the peroneal nerve to activate TA also inhibits the antagonist calf muscles.
MEASURESSUBJECT/PARTICIPANT
THE PARTICIPANT(S)STAND-IN “SUBJECT”Gender: Male
Age: 56 years
Height: 67 in. (170.2 cm)
Weight: 154 lbs. (70 kg)
Inseam: 29 in. (73.7 cm)
Gender: Male
Age: 81 years
Height: 69.5 in. (176.5 cm)
Weight: 152.5 lbs. (69.3 kg)
Inseam: 30 in. (73.7 cm)
TEST SUBJECT STAND-IN
MEASURESDARTFISH: 2-D video analysis system
Determine stride length and velocity
Force platform strain gauge: force plateDetermine Ground Reaction Forces (GRFs)
from footfall impactsMeasure z-axis (vertical forces) in Newtons
PROCEDURESVideotape stand-in participant during normal
gait and three corrective/adaptive gaits:CircumductionHip elevation (hip-hitching)Knee flexion (steppage)
Have subject perform all four gaits across force plate in GSU Biomechanics Lab
RESULTSNORMAL AND CORRECTIVE GAITS
NORMAL GAIT: RIGHT FOOT
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NORMAL GAIT: FULL STRIDE
NORMAL GAIT GROUND REACTION FORCESLEFT RIGHT
1 83 165247329411493575657739821
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2 194386578770962
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CIRCUMDUCTION GAIT
CIRCUMDUCTION GAIT GRFsLEFT RIGHT
2 154306458610762914
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1 93 185277369461553645737
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HIP-HITCHING CORRECTIVE GAIT
HIP-HITCHING GAIT GRFsLEFT RIGHT
1 83 165247329411493575657739821
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KNEE FLEXION CORRECTIVE GAIT
KNEE FLEXION (STEPPAGE) GRFsLEFT RIGHT
1 77 153229305381457533609685761
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1 105209313417521625729833937
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NORMAL GAIT COMPARISONSLeft Step: 0.69 metersRight Step: 0.66 metersStride: 1.35 metersSpeed (ave.): 1.24 meters/second
Average GRF - Left: 369.9 N; Right: 338.1 N
Maximum GRF – Left: 799.8 N; Right: 755.9 N
Sum of GRFs - Left: 221,558.0 N Right: 219,946.2N
CIRCUMDUCTION GAITLeft Step: 0.56 metersRight Step: 0.68 metersStride: 1.24 metersSpeed : Left = 1.14 m/s;Right = 0.87 m/s
Average GRF - Left: 312.7 N; Right: 291.4 N
Maximum GRF – Left: 723.0 N; Right: 819.1 N
Sum of GRFs - Left: 314,192.2 N Right: 236,796.4N
HIP ELEVATION GAITLeft Step: 0.55 metersRight Step: 0.72 metersStride: 1.28 metersSpeed: Left = 0.92 m/s;Right = 0.90 m/s
Average GRF - Left: 302.4 N; Right: 300.3 N
Maximum GRF – Left: 657.1 N; Right: 770.4 N
Sum of GRFs - Left: 276,430.6 N Right: 257,727.2N
KNEE FLEXION GAIT (STEPPAGE)Left Step: 0.55 metersRight Step: 0.68 metersStride: 1.23 metersSpeed: Left = 1.01 m/s;Right = 0.88 m/s
Average GRF - Left: 311.4 N; Right: 258.2 N
Maximum GRF – Left: 739.3 N; Right: 808.7 N
Sum of GRFs - Left: 286,873.8 N Right: 233,959.7N
DISCUSSION
PLUSES AND MINUSES FOR ALLCircumduction has :
Big disparity in velocities, step length, GRFsHighest overall velocity, so closest to Normal
Hip-hitching has :Less disparity in velocities and GRFs (ave. &
max)Biggest disparity in step lengths
Knee flexion has :Big disparities in everything; shortest strideLowest Total GRF
CONCLUSIONS (???)No single factor dominates
No one of the adaptive gaits is clearly superiorNone are similar to the normal gait (e.g. left
foot GRFs)
Need more research on how to prioritize factorsE.g. Is lower total GRF more important than
max GRF as far as impacts to heel and neck of ankle? Toe off?
Is uniformity of stride more important than velocity?
SPECIAL THANKS:
Kevin Wasco: Videography & Force plate operation
Dr. Mark Geil: Data retrieval
